scholarly journals Correlation of the Mastoid Pneumatization and Bone Destruction in CSOM with Acquired Cholesteatoma using Computed Tomography

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Dyah Nilasari ◽  
Farah H Ningrum ◽  
Zulfikar Naftali
Keyword(s):  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Mastoid Pneumatization ◽  
Mild Degree ◽  
Acquired Cholesteatoma ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Severe Degree

Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) is still a public health problem especially in developing countries. CSOM with acquired cholesteatoma accompanied referred to as the type of hazard, as they often lead to dangerous complications and have a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Mastoid CT with 0,625mm slice thicness may reveal detail cholesteatoma and bone destruction. It’s an analytic observational study with cross sectional design. This study consisted of 30 cases CSOM, aged 18-60 years and had a 0,625mm slice thicness CT scan mastoid examinations in Dr. Kariadi Hospital Semarang and indicating a cholesteatoma and bone destructions. The result showed that hypopneumatization type and mild degree of bone destructions obtained in most subjects, each 20 and 21, but there’s no correlation between mastoid pneumatization and bone destruction (p 0,367 or p > 0,05). This study showed more lower type of the mastoid pneumatization, more severe degree of bone destructions.Keywords: CSOM, mastoid pneumatization, Mastoid CT

scholarly journals The Effects of Lead (Pb) Exposure to Blood Pb Concentration and Hemoglobin Levels in Book Sellers and Street Vendors of Surakarta

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khotijah Khotijah ◽  
Ipop Sjarifah ◽  
Putu Gede Oka Mahendra ◽  
Vitri Widyaningsih ◽  
Haris Setyawan
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Pb Exposure ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Susceptible Populations ◽  
Data Analysis Result ◽  
Pb Concentration

Anemia is still a public health problem in the world and in Indonesia. WHO (2008) reported more than 75% of anemia in Asia is iron deficiency and 63.5% anemia in Indonesia is caused by lack of nutrition. Previous studies described that lead (Plumbum /Pb) can decrease hemoglobin levels. Sriwedari markets book sellers and Solo Wholesale Centers street vendors are susceptible populations exposed to Pb as a result of motor vehicle exhaust. Approximately 70% of Pb in vehicle exhausts emissions are emitted into the air. This study aimed to analyze the effects of Pb exposure on blood Pb concentration and hemoglobin levels. This study was a quantitative observational analytic study with cross sectional design conducted in 2015-2016 at Sriwedari Market. Samples were 97 respondents obtained through random sampling and Spearman correlation was used for data analysis. Result showed that there were association between Pb exposure in the air and blood Pb levels (p=0,000; r=0,606) and blood Pb levels and hemoglobin levels (p=0,000; r=-0,623)

Prevalence of ear diseases in the children of Delhi

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
S K Chadha ◽  
K Gulati ◽  
S Garg ◽  
A K Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Ear Diseases ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Significant Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Public Health

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to assess the prevalence and profile of ear diseases in children from Delhi, India.Methods:A population-based cross-sectional door-to-door survey was carried out in two districts of Delhi, and involved children of all demographic sections of the region. A total of 4626 children aged between 18 days and 15 years underwent examinations including otoscopy, impedance audiometry and hearing screening.Results:In all, 14.8 per cent of the study sample was diagnosed with one or more ear morbidities, the most common being cerumen impaction (7.5 per cent) and chronic suppurative otitis media (3.6 per cent). There was clinical evidence of otitis media with effusion in 2 per cent of children, and 0.96 per cent had otitis externa (bacterial and fungal). The point prevalence of acute suppurative otitis media was 0.39 per cent. In all, 0.45 per cent of children were found to have an undiagnosed foreign body within the ear canal.Conclusion:The high prevalence of ear disease poses a significant public health problem in Delhi.

scholarly journals Anti-chikungunya virus seroprevalence in Indigenous groups in the São Francisco Valley, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. e0009468
Author(s):  
Jandir Mendonça Nicacio ◽  
Ricardo Khouri ◽  
Antônio Marconi Leandro da Silva ◽  
Manoel Barral-Netto ◽  
João Augusto Costa Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Background Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) is a serious public health problem with a high rate of infection and chronic disabling manifestations that has affected more than 2 million people worldwide since 2005. In spite of this, epidemiological data on vulnerable groups such as Indigenous people are scarce, making it difficult to implement public policies in order to prevent this disease and assist these populations. Objective To describe the serological and epidemiological profile of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in two Indigenous populations in Northeast Brazil, as well as in an urbanized control community, and to explore associations between CHIKV and anthropometric variables in these populations. Methodology/Principal findings This is a cross-sectional ancillary study of the Project of Atherosclerosis among Indigenous Populations (PAI) that included people 30 to 70 years old, recruited from two Indigenous tribes (the less urbanized Fulni-ô and the more urbanized Truká people) and an urbanized non-Indigenous control group from the same area. Subjects underwent clinical evaluation and were tested for anti-CHIKV IgG by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serological profile was described according to ethnicity, sex, and age. The study population included 433 individuals distributed as follows: 109 (25·2%) Truká, 272 (62·8%) Fulni-ô, and 52 (12%) from the non-Indigenous urbanized control group. Overall prevalence of CHIKV IgG in the study sample was 49.9% (216; 95% CI: 45·1–54·7). When the sample was stratified, positive CHIKV IgG was distributed as follows: no individuals in the Truká group, 78·3% (213/272; 95% CI: 72·9–83·1) in the Fulni-ô group, and 5.8% (3/52; 95% CI: 1.21–16) in the control group. Conclusions/Significance Positive tests for CHIKV showed a very high prevalence in a traditional Indigenous population, in contrast to the absence of anti-CHIKV serology in the Truká people, who are more urbanized with respect to physical landscape, socio-cultural, and historical aspects, as well as a low prevalence in the non-Indigenous control group, although all groups are located in the same area.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN SIKAP DAN KEMAMPUAN IBU NIFAS TENTANG CARA MEMANDIKAN BAYI DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS S.PARMAN BANJARMASIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 340-348
Author(s):  
Sarkiah Sarkiah ◽  
Fadhiyah Noor Anisa ◽  
Rizqy Amelia
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Postpartum Mothers

 ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Sekarang ini masih cukup tinggi angka kematian bayi salah satu penyebabnya adalah hipotermi. Salah satu penyebab hipotermi adalah ketidakpahaman dan ketidakmampuan ibu tentang cara memandikan bayinya dengan benar oleh karena itu bisa terjadi permasalah terhadap bayinya.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan sikap dan kemampuan ibu nifas tentang cara memandikan bayi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas S.Parman Banjarmasin.Metode: Penelitian menggunakan metode  survei analitik dengan rancangan  cross-sectional. Populasi ibu nifas di wilayah kerja Puskesmas S.Parman Banjarmasin berjumlah 199 orang. Sampel sebanyak 45 responden dengan teknik pengambilan Acidental sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi square dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%.Hasil: Responden di Puskesmas S.Parman Banjarmasin memiliki sikap positif yaitu 25 responden (55,6%), dan memandikan bayi dengan cara yang tidak baik yaitu 24 responden (53,3%). Hasil analisis menunjukkan ada hubungan antara sikap ibu (p-value = 0,021) dan kemampuan ibu nifas (p-value = 0,0001) tentang cara memandikan bayi.Simpulan: Ada hubungan sikap dan kemampuan ibu nifas tentang cara  memandikan bayi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas S.Parman Banjarmasin. Kata Kunci: Cara memandikan bayi, sikap, kemampuan, nifas. CORRELATION BETWEEN ATTITUDES AND POSTPARTUM MOTHERS’ ABILITIES ON  HOW TO DO BABY-BATHING IN THE WORKING AREA OF PUSKESMAS S.PARMAN   BANJARMASINABSTRAKBackground: Now there is still a high rate of infant mortality, one of the causes is hypothermia. It is the lack of understanding and the inability of the mother to do baby-bathing properly her baby.Purpose: Knowing the correlation between attitudes and postpartum mothers’ abilities of about how to do baby-bathing in the working area of Puskesmas S.Parman Banjarmasin.Method: The study used an analytical survey method with a cross-sectional design. The population was 199 people. The sample of 45 respondents with Accidental sampling technique. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test with a confidence level of 95%.Result: The respondents whose positive attitudes were 25 people (55.6%), and did well baby-bathing were 24 people (53.3%). The results of the analysis showed that there was a correlation between maternal attitudes (p-value = 0.021) and the ability of postpartum mothers (p-value = 0.0001) on how to bathe the baby.Conclusion: There is a correlation between attitudes and postpartum mothers abilities on how to do baby-bathing in the working area of Puskesmas S.Parman Banjarmasin. Keyword: How to do baby-bating, Attitude, ability, Postpartum.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERILAKU MEROKOK, PENGGUNAAN ANTI NYAMUK BAKAR DAN PENGGUNAAN BAHAN BAKAR MEMASAK DENGAN KEJADIAN ISPA PADA BALITA

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1075-1079
Author(s):  
Cucu Herawati ◽  
Hety Sriwaty
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Mosquito Repellent ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cooking Fuel ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Menurut WHO dan Kementrian Kesehatan menyebutkan bahwa ISPA merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian tertinggi pada balita, bahkan sampai saat ini ISPA masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia. Berdasarkan laporan Puskesmas Beber tahun 2015 di peroleh data bahwa dari 8700 rumah tangga yang di data terdapat 6.555 rumah yang penghuninya merokok di dalam ruangan, masyarakat banyak mengantisipsi gigitan nyamuk aedes agity dengan menggunakan anti nyamuk bakar, keadaan ekonomi penduduk yang masih rendah akhirnya berdampak pada menurunnya kemampuan menyediakan bahan bakar yang memadai, kebanyakan masyarakat menggunakan kayu. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara perilaku merokok anggota keluarga, penggunaan anti nyamuk bakar, penggunaan bahan bakar memasak dengan kejadian ISPA pada Balita. Jenis penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan desain Cross sectional, populasi adalah seluruh balita yang ada di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Beber tahun 2015 sebanyak 2593 balita, jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 balita yang diambil secara random sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner, pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara perilaku merokok anggota keluarga dengan kejadian ISPA (p=0.00), antara penggunaan bahan bakar memasak dengan kejadian ISPA (p = 0,00),  serta tidak ada hubungan antara penggunaan anti nyamuk bakar dengan kejadian ISPA (p=0,184). Kata kunci : ISPA, perilaku merokok, penggunaan  anti nyamuk bakar, penggunaan bahan bakar  memasak.   ABSTRACTAccording to WHO and the Ministry of Health stated that ARI is one of the leading causes of death in infants, even to date the ISPA is still a public health problem in Indonesia. Based on the Beber Puskesmas report 2015 obtained data that from 8700 households in the data there are 6,555 houses that smokers in the room, many people anticipate the bite of mosquito aedes agity by using anti mosquito fuel, low economic condition of the population finally have an impact on the decrease ability to provide adequate fuel, most people use wood. The purpose of this study to determine the relationship between smoking family members' behavior, the use of anti-mosquito fuel, the use of cooking fuel with the incidence of ARI in Toddlers. The type of descriptive analytic research with cross sectional design, the population is all under five in the work area of Puskesmas Beber in 2015 as many as 2593 children, the number of samples is 100 balita taken by random sampling. The data were collected by interview using questionnaire. hypothesis testing using chi square test.The result of the research showed that there was a significant correlation between the smoking behavior of family members and the incidence of ARI (p = 0.00), between the use of cooking fuel with the incidence of ARI (p = 0,00), and there was no correlation between the use of mosquito repellent with the incidence of ARI p = 0.184).  Keywords: ARI, smoking behavior, use of mosquito repellent, use of cooking fuel.

scholarly journals Hubungan pengetahuan gizi ibu dengan kecukupan asupan energi anak usia 1-3 tahun di Desa Mopusi Kecamatan Lolayan Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Sulawesi Utara

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasya Watania ◽  
Nelly Mayulu ◽  
Shirley E.S. Kawengian
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: Nutritional adequacy or sufficiency of energy in infants is still a public health problem, especially in developing countries and poor countries. As a developing country, Indonesia still has macronutrient deficiencies such as stunting, wasting, and underweight. Maternal level of knowledge about nutrition influences the attitude and behavior in chosing the appropriate and qualified food. This study was aimed to determine the relationship between maternal knowledge and the adequacy of energy intake of toddlers at Mopusi village. This was a correlation study with a cross sectional design. Respondents of this study were mothers who had toddlers aged 1-3 years and lived at Mopusi vollage in September 2014 - December 2014. Data were analyzed by using SPSS. The results showed that there were 90 mothers as respondents. Based on maternal knowledge about nutrition, there were 41 respondents (45.6%) with poor knowledge. Based on adequate intake of energy toddlers, there were 75 toddlers (83%) with less energy intake. The relationship between maternal knowledge about nutrition and the adequacy of energy intake among toddlers showed the correlation coefficient r = 0.06 and p = 0.97. Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between maternal knowledge about nutrition and the adequacy of energy intake among toddlers at Mopusi village. Keywords: mother’s knowledge about nutritions, energy intake, toddlers Abstrak: Kecukupan gizi atau kecukupan energi pada balita masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat terutama dinegara-negara berkembang dan negara miskin. Sebagai negara berkembang, Indonesia mempunyai masalah defisiensi makronutrien antara lain stunting, wasting dan underweight. Tingkat pengetahuan gizi seseorang ibu berpengaruh terhadap sikap dan perilaku dalam pemilihan makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu dengan kecukupan asupan energi batita di Desa Mopusi Kecamatan Lolayan Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Induk. Jenis penelitian ialah korelasi dengan desain potong lintang. Responden penelitian ialah ibu yang memiliki batita usia 1-3 tahun dan berdomisili di Desa Mopusi pada bulan September 2014 – Desember 2014. Data dianalisis menggunakan SPSS. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan sebanyak 41 responden (45,6%) berpengetahuan gizi kurang. Mengenai kecukupan asupan energi dari 90 sampel penelitian terdapat 75 batita (83%) dengan asupan energi kurang. Hubungan pengetahuan gizi ibu dengan kecukupan asupan energi batita mendapatkan koefisien korelasi r= 0,06 dan p= 0,97. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara pengetahuan gizi ibu dengan kecukupan asupan energi batita di Desa Mopusi.Kata kunci: pengetahuan gizi ibu, asupan energi, batita.

scholarly journals MAYA INDEX DAN KEPADATAN LARVA AEDES AEGYPTI ANTARA DUSUN TEGALREJO DAN DUSUN KRAJAN KIDUL NANGGUNGAN PACITAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Yelly Atiefsa Narmala ◽  
R. Azizah
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Mosquito Breeding ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Dengue fever remains a public health problem. Environmental factors influence the mosquito Aedes aegypti’s growth, especially if there are many containers in the neighborhood. The community of Nanggungan Village have a habit of storing water in containers, therefore, they risk to become breeding sites for mosquitoes. This study aims to identify the Maya Index status of Aedes aegypti between Tegalrejo and Krajan Kidul Village. The research was observational with a cross-sectional design. Total samples were 200 homes, which 100 homes from Tegalrejo and 100 homes from Krajan Kidul Village, taken by simple random sampling. The measurement of variables employed observation sheet and analyzed in a descriptive approach. The number of containers observed in the Tegalrejo Village was 394 units, and Karajan Kidul Village was 391 units. Maya Index statuses in Tegalrejo (92%) and Krajan Kidul Village (88%) were low. Maya Index status in Krajan Kidul (13%) was higher than Tegalrejo Village (8%). House Index (HI) in the Tegalrejo (18.0%) was lower than Krajan Kidul Village (25.0%), Container Index in Tegalrejo (5.30%) was lower than in Krajan Kidul Village (8.95%), Breteau Index in Tegalrejo (21.0%) was lower than in Krajan Kidul Village (35.0%), Density Figure in Tegalrejo and Krajan Kidul Village indicated a scale of 3 and 4. Based on the MI’s status, Tegalrejo and Krajan Kidul Village were included as a low-risk category of mosquito breeding sites. Based on the density number of larvae, two villages have a moderate risk of Dengue Fever transmission. The community should implement the Mosquitoes Breeding Sites Eradication Program (PSN 3M Plus) and minimize the presence of the containers.

scholarly journals Personality and Attitudes Confronting Death Awareness During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy and Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Murphy ◽  
Carmen Moret-Tatay
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cluster Group ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
Death Awareness ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Italy and Spain are two representative examples on strict lockdown last March 2020, also suffering a high rate of mortality in Europe. The aim of this study is to examine their attitudes confronting death awareness during the Covid-19 outbreak. Moreover, Personality was also considered. Different sociodemographic, in situ questions related to attitudes and the brief Big Five of Personality were employed in a cross-sectional design. The main results suggested that Personality traits were stable across countries. A relationship was found between Fear to contagious diseases and Neuroticism and other attitudes during the Covid-19 outbreak, and two different clusters were identified with regards to attitudes, however these did not differ on Personality. Finally, a Cluster group, Neuroticism, Age and Sense of belonging to the Country did predict Fear to contagious diseases. Of note, no differences were found across countries during grief.

Sanitation of House and School, Personal Hygiene and Infection of Soil Transmitted Helminths among Elementary School Students

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Dina Merisa Damanik ◽  
Soeyoko Soeyoko ◽  
Adi Heru Sutomo
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Environmental Sanitation ◽  
Elementary School Age ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
Influence Variable ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

<p>In Indonesia, soil transmitted helminths (STH) infection is still a public health problem particularly in the child of elementary school age. The high of that infection was also supported by low environmental sanitation and poor personal hygiene. STH infection is one of 10 great of frequent diseases in Palue Island and in this region still able can be found an adult worm in feces even from regurgitate. This was observational analytic study by cross sectional design. The location of the study was Palue Island, Sikka Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. The repondents of the study was 100 students of eight elementary school. Diagnosis of STH infection was establised based on worm eggs examination in feces used floatation method. Questionnaire, and check list were the instruments for collecting data in this study. There were significant relationship between house’s environmental sanitation (p=0.043), school’s environmental sanitation (p= 0.000), personal hygiene (p = 0.032) with STH infection among the students of elementary school in Palue Island, Sikka Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. Multivariate analysis obtained that personal hygiene was the most influence variable to the STH infection in this region.</p>

scholarly journals Prevalence of Middle Ear Infections and Associated Risk Factors in Children under 5 Years in Gasabo District of Kigali City, Rwanda

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitesi Batamuliza Mukara ◽  
Richard J. Lilford ◽  
Debara Lyn Tucci ◽  
Peter Waiswa
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Ear Infection ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Ear Infections

Middle ear infections are common in children, and delay in diagnosis and treatment may result in complications such as delays in speech and language development and deafness. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and care seeking behaviour for middle ear infections in children under five years in Kigali city. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 810 children aged 6–59 months in Gasabo district of Kigali city, Rwanda. The prevalence of middle ear infections was 5.8%, of whom 4% had chronic suppurative otitis media. A child was less likely to develop middle ear infections if they lived in an urban setting (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.285–0.958) but more likely to develop middle ear infections if exposed to household smoke (OR = 2.54, 95% CI: 1.18–5.46). Parents were unlikely to know that their child had an ear infection (OR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.06–0.34). Middle ear infection remains a public health problem in Rwanda but many parents were not aware of its presence in the affected children. There is a need to raise awareness of parents about ear infection and to promote early care seeking from qualified health workers.

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