scholarly journals Relações entre saberes na Educação do Campo: a experiência da UFVJM

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Diogo Neves Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Ways Of Life ◽  
The Ideal

The construction of conditions for the establishment of relationships between different knowledge is one of the pillars of the ideal of Education for Rural Areas. The work discusses how this panorama was expressed in the experience of the degree course of Education for Rural Areas from the Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys. The result of a case study, built from a cross-sectional approach, of a descriptive nature, with qualitative data treatment, is presented. The focus is directed to the discussion around four dynamics present in the course: Community Time Meeting, Cultural Night, Mystics and Projects coordinated by teachers. From the presentation of these experiences, reflections are outlined structured in three argumentative axes: the place of science in the relations between knowledge; the relationships between knowledge as encounters of ways of life; the counterpoint between “contextualization” and “perspective” in the relations between knowledge. Concluding that the relations between social groups define conditions for the establishment of relations between knowledge, the results of the work point out the imperative to collaborate with the creation of a new knowledge economy more just and appropriate for rural populations.

The ecomuseum and solidarity tourism: a case study from northeast Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-552
Author(s):  
Mustafa Doğan
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depth Interviews

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the ecomuseum and solidarity tourism and to measure their impact on community development. Design/methodology/approach The study presented here adopts two methods for collecting qualitative data: in-depth interviews and observations. The total number of village households was 42 and the number of households that hosted tourists in their home was 20. Due to the exploratory nature of this study, qualitative methods were employed in the form of lengthy interviews with 13 residents. Findings The findings indicate that tourism for the Bogatepe Village ecomuseum has focused on a solidarity perspective which has provided significant benefits to the community ensuring local sustainable development. The ecomuseum as a concept and a destination has helped to control tourism and strengthened the impact of solidarity tourism on the local community. Research limitations/implications The research presented here must be seen as exploratory. More generally, further research is needed to look at the possibility of developing this type of tourism in other rural areas and similar regions of Turkey (covering both small and large areas) with an important cultural heritage. Originality/value The combination of the ecomuseum and solidarity tourism can provide a sustainable solution for tourism in rural areas and provide a model in the development of tourism to other villages in Turkey. The question is whether it could also be used in larger rural areas. The study underlines that Bogatepe is certainly worthy of future study.

scholarly journals The Urban-Rural Disparity in the Status and Risk Factors of Health Literacy: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Central China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenna Wang ◽  
Yulin Zhang ◽  
Beilei Lin ◽  
Yongxia Mei ◽  
Zhiguang Ping ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Central China ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Basic Health ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Status ◽  
Urban Rural

Health literacy is the ability of individuals to access, process, and understand health information to make decisions regarding treatment and their health on the whole; it is critical to maintain and improve public health. However, the health literacy of urban and rural populations in China has been little known. Thus, this study aims to assess the status of health literacy and explore the differences of its possible determinants (e.g., socio-economic factors) among urban and rural populations in Henan, China. A cross-sectional study, 78,646 participants were recruited from a populous province in central China with a multi-stage random sampling design. The Chinese Resident Health Literacy Scale was adopted to measure the health literacy of the respondents. In the participants, the level of health literacy (10.21%) in central China was significantly lower than the national average, and a big gap was identified between urban and rural populations (16.92% vs. 8.09%). A noticeable difference was reported in different aspects and health issues of health literacy between urban and rural populations. The health literacy level was lower in those with lower levels of education, and a significant difference was identified in the level of health literacy among people of different ages and occupations in both urban and rural areas. Note that in rural areas, as long as residents educated, they all had higher odds to exhibit basic health literacy than those uneducated; in rural areas, compared with those aged 15 to 24 years, residents aged 45 to 54 years (OR = 0.846,95% CI (0.730, 0.981)), 55 to 64 years (OR = 0.716,95% CI (0.614, 0.836)) and above 65 years (OR = 0.679, 95% CI (0.567, 0.812)) were 84.6%, 71.6%, and 67.9%, respectively, less likely to exhibit basic health literacy. Considering the lower health literacy among rural residents compared with their urban counterparts, a reorientation of the health policy-making for Chinese rural areas is recommended. This study suggests that urban–rural disparity about health literacy risk factors should be considered when implementing health literacy promotion intervention.

Measuring Catastrophic Health Expenditures and its Inequality: Evidence from Iran’s Health Transformation Program

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Mehrolhassani ◽  
Ali Darvishi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Catastrophic Health Expenditure ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
Financial Protection ◽  
Dominance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract One of the important goals of Iran’s health transformation programme (HTP) is to improve financial protection for households against health expenditure. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence, intensity and inequality in distribution of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) using the WHO and the World Bank (WB) methodologies with different thresholds in the years before and after HTP. We used data from seven annual national repeated cross-sectional surveys on households’ income and expenditures from 2011 to 2017. The intensity to CHE was calculated using overshoot and mean positive overshoot (MPO) indices. Finally, the inequality in distribution of exposure to CHE was calculated using the concentration index (CI), and the dominance test of concentration curves was used to inference about the significant changes in inequality of the years before and after HTP. The exposure rate to CHE in the total population and at 40% threshold of the WHO methodology changed from 1.99% in 2011 to 3.46% in 2017. Additionally, at 20% threshold of the WB methodology, it was changed from 5.14% to 8.68%. Overshoot and MPO indices increased on average based on two methodologies in urban and rural areas during seven years. The CIs for all the years show a negative value in both methodologies, indicating that CHE occurrence is higher among the poor households. In 2017, at 40% threshold of the WHO, the numerical values of the CIs were −0.15 and −0.14 in urban and rural populations, respectively. These values were −0.07 and −0.05 for the 20% threshold of WB, respectively. Results of dominance test showed no significant change in inequality for the years after than before HTP with two exceptions for total and rural populations based on the WB methodology. Generally, HTP had no considerable success in financial protection, requiring a review in actions to support pro-poor adaptation strategies.

PATTERN OF CONSANGUINITY AND INBREEDING COEFFICIENT IN SARGODHA DISTRICT, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (06) ◽  
pp. 803-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAIRA HINA ◽  
SAJID MALIK
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Regional Heterogeneity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Present Cross Sectional Study

SummaryConsanguinity is widespread in Pakistan. The majority of studies on consanguinity in Pakistan have been carried out in urban metropolitan areas, and data on rural populations are scarce. The present cross-sectional study was conducted in Sargodha district, upper Punjab, Pakistan where the majority of the population reside in rural areas. A random sample of 1800 married females belonging to sixtehsilsof Sargodha district was obtained and differentials in consanguinity rates and inbreeding coefficient (F) were investigated. The consanguinity rate was calculated to be 56.72% and the inbreeding coefficient was 0.0348. First cousin unions had the highest representation (49.11% of all marriages), and marriages up to distantly related/Biradariconstituted 67.94% of all marriages. Among the sixtehsils, consanguinity rates ranged from 50.38% in Bhalwal to 62.88% in Sillanwali. A high rate of consanguinity was observed in subjects speaking the Punjabi language, those with self-arranged/arranged-love marriages and those engaged in professional jobs. With respect to the occupation of husbands the highest consanguinity rate was found among landowners (77.59%;F=0.0539) and businessmen (62.62%;F=0.0377). However, consanguinity did not appear to be associated with rural/urban origin or literacy level. The data showed a wide variation in consanguinity rate and inbreeding coefficient across socio-demographic strata in the Sargodha district population. A comparison of Sargodha with other populations of Punjab also showed regional heterogeneity in the pattern of consanguinity, warranting further studies.

scholarly journals THE ROYAL WELSH SHOW: THE NATION’S TRUE CAULDRON

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Langridge-Thomas ◽  
Philip Crowther ◽  
Caroline Westwood
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Single Case Study ◽  
Archival Research

The Royal Welsh Show (RWS), which is the largest event of its kind in Europe, is used as a single case study to examine events as a catalyst in the context of networks and the knowledge economy. The long-established essence of agricultural shows is a coalescing of dispersed populations in a temporary cluster, expressed most recently as ‘rural buzz’. This paper takes a new, and emerging, perspective of value and specifically examines how the show, through its manifold platforms and fusing of resources, generates network value. The RWS operates in a 176-acre showground, with exhibitors, partners, and close to 250,000 attendees, therefore engagement platforms are many and varied, and often co-produced. Thus, the event is a canopy, both within and beyond of its 4 days each July, for incalculable planned and less planned interactions and linkages. The event has been labelled ‘the nations true cauldron’, reflecting its proven potential to engage people, and organisations alike, and consequently co-create network value. The extensive case study includes 43 interviews and 1,322 questionnaires, in addition to archival research. The analysis of the quantitative and qualitative data is used to develop a ‘Taxonomy of Platforms’, exposing the multi-layered, co-creative, and pervasive approach to the generation of network value. The findings reveal the importance of such knowledge sharing and creation. Also evident is the manifest and focal role of the RWS in merging the events value creation partners and enabling linkages which can endure and underlie the stimulation and perpetuation of networks. The study endorses the virtue of the network lens through which to examine and reveal event induced value, but also as a way of more introspectively interpreting how value is extracted by event actors.

scholarly journals Methods of Tobacco Harm Reduction Among Smokers in Malawi: Case Study of Chitipa, Ntcheu And Balaka Districts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vita Mithi ◽  
Rebecca S. Dewey
Keyword(s):  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Tobacco Harm Reduction ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Qualitative Data Collection

Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate the methods of tobacco harm reduction products used by smokers in Malawi, in an attempt to reduce tobacco harm. The study employed a cross-sectional survey, with both quantitative and qualitative data collection, in 3 districts, one from each region across Malawi. Participants were recruited using the technique of snowball sampling. 1,258 current and ex-smokers were recruited, age range 15–55 years. The sample size for each district was calculated using the standard formula with a 95% confidence interval or significance of p = 0.05. Tobacco harm reduction products, also known as safer nicotine products, are not widely available in Malawi; as such their use is not statistically significant at 5%. However, the following resources were used to reduce tobacco harm: fruits like Malambe (Baobab), Banana, Masau (Jujube), Mtera (local herbs), sweets, chewing gum, fried maize and milk. Solutions: cigarette filters mixed with water, a mixture of pig milk, tobacco and drinking water. In addition, ngirimbo and chingambwe were used in a smokeless way to reduce tobacco harm. Across Malawi, smokers use local tobacco harm reduction products compared to safer nicotine products. This is compounded by the absence of information on safer nicotine products, a lack of service providers, poverty and use of local smokeless tobacco.

Sociale ongelijkheid en kenniseconomie

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik de Gier
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Lisbon Strategy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Eu

Knowledge economy and social inequality Knowledge economy and social inequality Despite the objectives of the EU-Lisbon strategy, the present political focus on the development of a knowledge economy is diverting to some extent attention of policy makers to the problem of social inequality. There is evidence that this is not justified because social inequality hasn't vanished as a social problem in society. On the contrary, in the context of a knowledge economy social inequality not only gets a new topicality, also new social risks appear that are related with a knowledge economy. These new risks easily contribute to a further increase of social inequality of some social groups. They manifest themselves in the areas of labour market, demography and the perception of social safety. More in particular, with respect to the Netherlands, the inequality of incomes has increased since 1994. Earlier, the long lasting post-war trend towards more incomes equality came to a stand still. Another trend is privatisation of social security provisions. This trend is also reinforced by the new, knowledge economy related, social risks.

We Are All Comparativists Now

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1084-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Lees
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Research ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
The Way

This article asks, “What is the way forward for single-country scholarship?” It also discusses why and how single-country scholars should adopt a more comparative approach in their research. To do this, the article presents cross-sectional and longitudinal data that illustrate the relative isolation of the single-country canon, especially nondomestic single-country studies, within the wider discipline of political science. To suggest how this be redressed, the article then discusses how single-country scholarship might build bridges to the comparative approach and the benefits this might generate. The article argues that careful and innovative use of the case study research design provides the ideal means to do this.

scholarly journals When to break the news and whose responsibility is it? A cross-sectional qualitative study of health professionals’ views regarding disclosure of BRCA genetic cancer risk

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e033127
Author(s):  
Alison Luk Young ◽  
Phyllis N Butow ◽  
Katherine M Tucker ◽  
Claire E Wakefield ◽  
Emma Healey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Ideal

ObjectivesDisclosure of a hereditary condition in the family poses notable challenges for patients who often seek the assistance of genetic health professionals (GHPs). This study aimed to investigate GHPs’ opinions about the ideal time for disclosure to offspring and their responsibility to at-risk relatives.DesignCross-sectional qualitative study.SettingGenetic familial cancer clinics related to mostly secondary and tertiary care hospitals and centres in urban, regional and rural areas across all states of Australia.ParticipantsGHPs (N=73) including clinical geneticists, genetic counsellors, medical specialists, nurses, surgeons and mental health specialists (eg, psychiatrists, psychologists) who had worked with BRCA1 and BRCA2 families for an average of 9 years.ResultsFocus groups and interviews were transcribed and analysed thematically. GHPs perceived that life stage, maturity, parents’ knowledge and capacity to disseminate information influenced parent–offspring disclosure. In general, GHPs recommended early informal conversations with offspring about a family illness. GHPs considered that facilitation of disclosure to relatives using counselling strategies was their responsibility, yet there were limitations to their role (eg, legal and resource constraints). Variability exists in the extent to which genetic clinics overcome challenges to disclosure.ConclusionsGHPs’ views on the ideal time for the disclosure of genetic risk are generally dependent on the patient’s age and relative’s ability to disclose information. A responsibility towards the patient and their at-risk relative was widely accepted as a role of a GHP but views vary depending on legislative and specialty differences. Greater uniformity is needed in genetic procedural guidelines and the role of each discipline (eg, geneticists, genetic counsellors, oncologists, nurses and mental health specialists) in genetic clinics to manage disclosure challenges.

scholarly journals Fairness in household financial contribution to the Iran’s healthcare system from 2008 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Darvishi ◽  
Mostafa Amini-Rarani ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Mehrolhassani ◽  
Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
Financial Protection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Financial Contribution ◽  
Recent Reform ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Contribution Index ◽  
Made In

Abstract Objective Enhancing financial protection in health is one of the main goals of Iran’s health transformation program (HTP), a recent reform conducted in early 2014. This study aimed to measure financial protection using the fair financial contribution index (FFCI) in urban and rural areas before (2008–2013) and after (2014–2018) the HTP implementation. Using a retrospective study on annual national cross-sectional surveys of households' income and expenditure, FFCI was measured. The total sample sizes for urban and rural areas from 2008 to 2018 were 207,980 and 212,249 households, respectively. Results The worst fair contributions to health expenditure in urban (FFCI = 0.684) and rural areas (FFCI = 0.530) were related to 2010 and 2009, respectively. Otherwise, the best fair contributions for urban (FFCI = 0.858) and rural (FFCI = 0.836) areas were made in 2011. Before the HTP implementation began, FFCI showed minor changes from 0.834 in 2008 to 0.833 in 2013. Following the HTP implementation, the FFCI values in urban and rural populations declined (worsened) from 0.842 to 0.836 and 0.816 to 0.809, respectively.On average more fair financial contributions had been made following five years after the HTP, especially in rural areas, but less than that expected in upstream documents (as determined 0.9).

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