scholarly journals Performance Study of Absorption Tower and Adsorption Reactor to Eliminate Ammonia Gas as Pollutant

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikha Rasti Julia Sari ◽  
Januar Arif Fatkhurrahman ◽  
Yose Andriani
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Intersection Curve ◽  
Ammonia Gas ◽  
Saturation Time ◽  
Wet Scrubber ◽  
Water Scrubber

Ammonia known as harmful gas that could impact on health and environment. Typically, ammonia gas emitted by fertilizer industry, rubber factory, etc. There are many options for advance industry to control ammonia gas pollution, absorption tower using water scrubber and using activated carbon as adsorption reaction could be an option. But for middle- and lower-class industry, it is common in Indonesia, as seen on many rubber factories, ammonia gas pollution is serious problem to control, actually they have used wet scrubber but eficiency is lower about 47%. This study measure performance for ammonia elimination as gas pollutant using absorption tower and adsorption tower in laboratory scale. Using electrochemical gas sensor, we measure both ammonia concentration for inlet and outlet simultaneously to settle saturation point of these two types of ammonia emission control. In conclusion, Ammonia absorbed in water proportional to saturation time and absorbent volume. Highest absorbed ammonia concentration 1.538 mg/L on 4000 mL absorbent. For Adsorption system, saturation time proportional and correlated to adsorbent weight and Adsorption capacity reverse correlated to adsorbent weight. Optimum adsorption point can be achieved from intersection curve between saturation time and adsorption capacity which is 1200 grams adsorbent

scholarly journals Emission of harmful gases from animal production in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Mazur ◽  
Kamil Roman ◽  
Witold Jan Wardal ◽  
Kinga Borek ◽  
Jan Barwicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Air Exchange Rate ◽  
Microclimate Conditions ◽  
Air Exchange

AbstractThe aim of the study was to present the scale of greenhouse gas emissions from animal production, and to provide test results from different housing systems. In three free stall buildings, two with slurry in deep channels and one with cattle in cubicles staying on shallow litter concentration of ammonia and carbon dioxide were measured in summer season by using dedicated equipment from Industrial Scientific Research. Air exchange was calculated on the base of balance carbon dioxide method. This method was used in order to estimate the air flow rate. Concentrations of ammonia and CO2 were measured as the base for air exchange and ammonia emission rates. Ammonia emissions were product of ammonia concentration and air exchange rate. Temperature and relative humidity were measured to establish microclimate conditions in buildings tested to show the overall microclimatic situation in buildings. Differences between ammonia emission rates were observed in both housing systems. The highest ammonia emission rate was equal to 2.75 g·h−1·LU−1 in well-ventilated cattle barn with the largest herd size.

scholarly journals REDUCTION OF AMMONIA EMISSIONS FROM THE COMPOSTING OF SLAUGHTERHOUSE SOLID WASTE USING ZEOLITE

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Rhenny Ratnawati ◽  
Sugito Sugito
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Impact Study ◽  
Aerobic Composting ◽  
Ammonia Gas ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Composting Process

The process of aerobic composting the slaughterhouse (SH) solid waste generate ammonia emissions. Aim: The objective of this research to study the ability of the adsorbent to use zeolite to reduce ammonia gas emissions during the composting process of SH solid waste. Methodology and Results: Reduction of ammonia emission is conducted during the aerobic composting process which is 50 days. The raw material composition of the composting process used was 100% rumen contents, 60% rumen contents: 40% straw, 50% rumen contents: 50% straw, and 40% rumen contents: 60% straw. Zeolite used in the form of granular size 100 mesh. The result of the research showed that the level of release of ammonia gas emissions during the composting process could be reduced by zeolite. Conclusion, significance, and impact study: The efficiency of reducing ammonia gas emissions using zeolite adsorbents in the composting process of SH solid waste ranges from 98.09 - 99.40% on average. Zeolite is an adsorbent that has high adsorption power because it has many pores and has a high ion exchange high capacity and serves as an absorbent cation that can cause environmental pollution.

scholarly journals Effort to reduce ammonia gas in the broiler chicken excreta with the addition of probiotic as substitute for antibiotic growth promoter

2021 ◽  
Vol 883 (1) ◽  
pp. 012013
Author(s):  
B P Mahardhika ◽  
R Mutia ◽  
M Ridla
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Ammonia Gas ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Zinc Bacitracin

Abstract This study has been carried out to evaluate the use of drinking water-soluble probiotics as an alternative to Zinc bacitracin Antibiotic Growth Promoter (AGP) in an effort to reduce the concentration of ammonia excreta as a result of increased feed digestibility. The probiotic used contains 2.0 × 107 CFU mL−1 Lactobacillus sp, 1.6 × 107 CFU mL−1 Bacillus sp, and 7.4 × 109 CFU mL−1 Streptomyces sp. The excreta sample was obtained from 15 male Lohmann strain broiler chickens aged 35 days from a total population of 300 chickens that had previously been reared since Day Old Chick. The chickens were distributed into three treatments and five replications in a metabolic cage with a size of 50 cm × 30 cm × 56 cm for three days. This study used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The addition of probiotic significantly reduced (P <0.01) water content and ammonia concentration of broiler chicken excreta. The addition of drinking water-soluble probiotics significantly increased (P <0.01) the feed intake and feed digestibility of broiler chicken. The use of probiotics was better than Zinc bacitracin in reducing excreta ammonia concentration and feed digestibility.

scholarly journals Hybrid Membrane Distillation and Wet Scrubber for Simultaneous Recovery of Heat and Water from Flue Gas

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Hizami Mohd Yusoff ◽  
Ein K. Nyunt ◽  
Muhammad Roil Bilad ◽  
Nasrul Arahman ◽  
Sri Mulyati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Wet Scrubber ◽  
Low Grade Heat ◽  
Water Scrubber

Flue gas contains high amount of low-grade heat and water vapor that are attractive for recovery. This study assesses performance of a hybrid of water scrubber and membrane distillation (MD) to recover both heat and water from a simulated flue gas. The former help to condense the water vapor to form a hot liquid flow which later used as the feed for the MD unit. The system simultaneously recovers water and heat through the MD permeate. Results show that the system performance is dictated by the MD performance since most heat and water can be recovered by the scrubber unit. The scrubber achieved nearly complete water and heat recovery because the flue gas flows were supersaturated with steam condensed in the water scrubber unit. The recovered water and heat in the scrubber contains in the hot liquid used as the feed for the MD unit. The MD performance is affected by both the temperature and the flow rate of the flue gas. The MD fluxes increases at higher flue gas temperatures and higher flow rates because of higher enthalpy of the flue gas inputs. The maximum obtained water and heat fluxes of 12 kg m−2 h−1 and 2505 kJm−2 h−1 respectively, obtained at flue gas temperature of 99 °C and at flow rate of 5.56 L min−1. The MD flux was also found stable over the testing period at this optimum condition. Further study on assessing a more realistic flue gas composition is required to capture complexity of the process, particularly to address the impacts of particulates and acid gases.

scholarly journals Ammonia Emission Characteristics of a Mechanically Ventilated Swine Finishing Facility in Korea

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1088
Author(s):  
Gwanggon Jo ◽  
Taehwan Ha ◽  
Yu Jang ◽  
Okhwa Hwang ◽  
Siyoung Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Weak Negative Correlation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ventilation Rates

In this study, we aimed to determine the ammonia emission characteristics through analysis of ammonia concentration, ventilation rate, temperature, and relative humidity pattern in a mechanically ventilated swine finishing facility in Korea. Three pig rooms with similar environmental conditions were selected for repeated experimentation (Rooms A–C). Ammonia concentrations were measured using a photoacoustic gas monitor, and ventilation volume was estimated by applying the least error statistical model to supplement the missing data after measurement at several operation rates using a wind tunnel-based method. The mean ammonia concentrations were 4.19 ppm, and the ventilation rates were 24.9 m3 h−1 pig−1. Ammonia emissions were calculated within the range of 0.40–5.01, 0.25–4.16, and 0.37–5.68 g d−1 pig−1 for Room A, Room B, and Room C, respectively. Ammonia concentration and ventilation rate showed a weak negative correlation (r = −0.13). Ammonia emissions were more markedly affected by ammonia concentration (r = 0.88) than ventilation rate (r = 0.31). This indicates that ammonia concentration reduction can be effective in reducing ammonia emissions. The mean daily ammonia emissions, which increased exponentially over the finishing periods, were calculated as 1.78, 1.57, and 1.70 g d−1 pig−1 for Room A, Room B, and Room C, respectively (average 1.68 g d−1 pig−1).

scholarly journals The comparison of two types sensors for ammonia emission continual measurement

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 112-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pecen ◽  
P. Zabloudilová
Keyword(s):  
Small Difference ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Output Data ◽  
Wood Shavings ◽  
Solid State Sensor ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Laboratory Device ◽  
The Difference

Measurement of the ammonia emissions by two different types of sensors (PHOTO ACOUSTICS analyzer INNOVA and SOLID STATE sensor SP-53) was carried out in laboratory with one material of litter, wood-shavings (with dry or wet material). The initial ammonia concentration and humidity of material were changed. The output data of these sensors were continually saved a processed. A small difference was found out between the output data of these sensors. The difference depends not only on ammonia concentration and humidity of material but also on the duration time from the beginning of measurement. All experiments of ammonia concentration were carried out with three initial values of humidity and ammonia concentrations within used material. The decrease of ammonia concentration (its velocity) in investigated material has been measured with laboratory device and registered for twelve or more hours during each experiment.

scholarly journals REDUCTION OF AMMONIA EMISSIONS FROM CATTLE MANURE USING BIOPREPARATIONS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolandas BLEIZGYS ◽  
Reda MAŽEIKIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Gradient ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Liquid Manure ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
Air Flow Velocity

Experimental studies performed at the laboratory enabled to find out the effect of the biopreparation on the process of ammonia volatilization from manure. Adding biopreparation to manure was found to slow down ammonia emission from manure. Depending on the manure composition, temperature of the environment, and duration of exposure to the biopreparation, the emission was found to decrease by up to 22 %. The maximum effect was observed on the day 6–14, whereas 30 days after biopreparation’s use its effect was significantly decreased. The effect of biopreparation on ammonia volatilization was observed to be higher under more intensive ammonia emissions, i.e. when the manure was fresh, with no crust formed on its surface, under high air flow velocity above the manure and high ammonia concentration gradient in the surface of the manure. Use of the biopreparation is highly recommended for reduction of ammonia emissions in litter-free barns where liquid manure accumulates. Its use is consistent with the modernization tendencies to implement litter-free liquid manure technologies.

Yearly emission factors of ammonia and particulate matter from three laying-hen housing systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annamaria Costa ◽  
Sara Ferrari ◽  
Marcella Guarino
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Suspended Particles ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Pm10 Concentration ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Total Suspended Particles ◽  
Reduction Efficiency

The aim of the present study was to measure the concentration of ammonia and particulate matter (PM) that passes through a size‐selective inlet with a 50% cut‐off at 10-μm aerodynamic-equivalent diameter (PM10) and emissions into atmosphere in the following three types of laying-hen houses: traditional battery cages with aerated open-manure storage (BSP) and two best available technique (BAT) housing types, namely, an aviary-system housing (ASH) and a vertical tiered cage with manure belts and forced-air drying (VTC). Measurements were taken continuously for a period of 1 year in each house. Ammonia concentration was measured continuously in each house using an infrared photoacoustic detector with a 15-min sampling interval. PM10 was measured continuously using a scatter light photometer, corrected by the traditional gravimetric-technique concentration to lower the measurement error. The same instrument was also used to collect PM10 through a traditional gravimetric technique. This procedure was performed to adjust the particulate matter-specific gravity of PM that is typical and specific for every animal house. PM10 and ammonia measurements were carried out together with measurements of inside and outside temperature, inside and outside relative humidity and ventilation rate. For the high PM10 concentrations measured in the ASH house during a preliminary survey, concentrations of total suspended particles (TSP) and fine PM (particles <2.5 microns) were also measured to evaluate the dustiness in the building during the working hours. The ammonia concentration was 5.37 mg/m3 in the traditional BSP house (the reference for cage-housing system), 4.95 mg/m3 in the VTC and 3.85 mg/m3 in the ASH. The ammonia-emission factors were 15.445 mg/h.hen place (0.135 kg/year.hen place) for BSP, 8.258 mg/h.hen place (0.072 kg/year.hen place) for VTC, and 23.704 mg/h.hen place (0.208 kg/year.hen place) for ASH. Ammonia emission-reduction efficiency of VTC v. the BSP was 53%, according to thresholds assessed by Integrated Prevention Pollution Control. The ammonia-reduction efficiency of ASH v. that of the standard Reference Housing system for non-cage housing was 68%. Average yearly PM10 concentration was remarkably higher in the ASH, with 0.215 mg/m3 v. 0.108 mg/m3 for the VTC and 0.094 mg/m3 for BSP. In the ASH, the concentration of total suspended particles (TSP) was 0.444 mg/m3 and that of PM2.5 was 0.032 mg/m3. In this facility, a great variation of PM10 concentration occurred in the morning hours. Recorded values for the PM10 emission were 0.433 mg/h.hen for BSP and 0.081 mg/h.hen for VTC, while the ASH showed the highest PM10 emission (1.230 mg/h.hen), with clear peaks occurring in the morning hours during daily farming operations.

scholarly journals Applicability of Ammonia Sensors for Controlling Environmental Parameters in Accommodations for Lamb Fattening

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Javier García-Ramos ◽  
A. Javier Aguirre ◽  
Pilar Barreiro ◽  
Esperanza Horcas ◽  
Antonio Boné ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Ammonia Sensor ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Gas Detector ◽  
Ammonia Sensors ◽  
Ventilation Rates

Electrochemical ammonia sensors were used to analyse the existing relationship between the ammonia concentration and ambient levels of both temperature and relative humidity in commercial lamb fattening housing equipped with mechanical ventilation and straw-bedded pens. In the first stage of the experiment, sensors were placed over straw beds covered in lamb urine and analysed under laboratory conditions in order to determine ammonia emission evolution over time; three control temperatures (25, 35, and 50°C) were used. A HOBO H8 temperature and relative humidity logger and a Dräger NH3LC-6809680 electrochemical ammonia sensor placed in a Dräger Polytron 7000 gas detector were utilized as sensors. A positive correlation was established between both ammonia emission time and emitted amount with temperature. Additionally, tests were performed in a commercial lamb housing to determine ammonia concentration variation with respect to height from the ground; three ammonia sensors placed at 50, 90, and 135 cm above the ground were used simultaneously. The ammonia concentration significantly decreased as height increased. A 90 cm height was selected, and three ammonia probes were placed in three different pens inside the livestock housing, along with temperature and relative humidity sensors; four different housing ventilation rates were then tested under real conditions over a time period of 4 months. An adjustment polynomial equation between the housing ambient temperature and the ammonia concentration was obtained with R2 = 0.632. In conclusion, a relationship can be established between temperature and ammonia concentration in commercial lamb housing under certain handling conditions, which in turn allows for estimating the ammonia concentration adequately based on the ambient internal temperature.

Synthesis, Structural and Gas Sensing Properties of Nano-Branched Coaxial Polyaniline Fibers by Electrospinning

2012 ◽  
Vol 562-564 ◽  
pp. 308-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Chun Tang ◽  
Rong Huang ◽  
Yun Ze Long ◽  
Bin Sun ◽  
Hong Di Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Gas ◽  
Sensing Properties ◽  
Ammonia Sensing ◽  
Ppm Level ◽  
Polymerization Method

Polyaniline (PANI) is a promising functional polymer in the field of toxic gas detection. In this paper, nano-branched coaxial PANI fibers were grown on electrospun poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanofibers by an in situ chemical oxidative polymerization method. The resultant PANI/PMMA fibers were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy and Raman spectrum analysis. The conductivity of an individual coaxial PANI/PMMA fiber is about 2.123 S/cm and that of the conducting PANI coating layer is about 21.8 S/cm. The ammonia sensing properties of the samples were tested by means of impedance analysis. The nano-branched PANI fibers can response significantly to low concentration of ammonia due to large specific surface area, and the sensitivity shows good linear relationship to the ammonia concentration of ppm level. These results indicate that nano-branched coaxial PANI fibers are promising candidate for detection of toxic ammonia gas.

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