Cadmium Removal from Synthetic Wastewater using Seed Biomass Biosorbent: A Bench-top Reactor Investigation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deen Dayal Giri ◽  
Jay Mant Jha ◽  
Neha Srivast ◽  
Dan Bahadur Pal
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Cadmium Removal ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Seed Biomass ◽  
Optimal Set ◽  
Adsorbent Dose

Abstract The cadmium ion concentration in drinking water is frequently found higher in different part of the world as per international recommendation. It is crucial to reduce concentration in water by sustainable and environmentally friendly means. We tested the biomass of Jamun (JP) and Amaltash (AT) seeds to remove cadmium from synthetic wastewater cost effectively. The biomasses were characterized by functional groups (FTIR), crystalline structures (XRD), and elemental analysis (ICP) techniques. Experimentation the optimization study has been carried out by using Design-software 6.0.8. Response surface methodology has been applied to design the experiments where we have used three factors and three levels Box-Behnken design (BBD). Cadmium removal ability of bio-sorbents were evaluated in bench-top reactor and optimized at various solution pH, adsorbent dose, and cadmium concentration in synthetic wastewater. At initial cadmium concentration 2 mg/litre, pH 6, adsorbent dose 60 mg and stirring speed 300 rpm the cadmium removal was ~95% and ~93% from synthetic wastewater by JP and AT seed biomass, respectively. The adsorption behaviour of cadmium ions well explained following Temkin model (AT r2=0.988; JP r2=0.984) and maximum adsorption capacity 3.88 mg g−1 (JP) and 4.54 mg g−1 (AT) after 70 minutes under optimal set of condition and proved to be an efficient and eco-friendly bio-sorbent for cadmium removal.

scholarly journals Cadmium Removal by using Pumice Modified with Iron Nanoparticles from Aqueous Solutions

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 426-436 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Iron Nanoparticles ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Cadmium Removal ◽  
Pumice Stone ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Adsorbent Dose

<p>In this study, the removal of cadmium by using pumice coated with iron nanoparticles (INPs) from synthetic wastewater was investigated. The effects of parameters influencing adsorption: contact time (10-20 min), pH (3-9), initial cadmium concentration (25-125 mg l<sup>-1</sup>) and adsorbent dose (2-10 g l<sup>-1</sup>) were studied. The pumice stone used in this research was, first, crashed and then sieved with 20 mesh standard sieves (0.85 mm); finally, it was coated with INPs. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to measure cadmium contents and isotherm models and adsorption kinetics were studied. The results showed the adsorption process of cadmium reached equilibrium at contact time of 80 min. With increasing pH solution, the efficiency enhanced which peaked at pH 7-8. Cadmium concentration increase resulted in a decrease in efficiency, whereas adsorbent dose increase improved it. Equilibrium data of adsorption followed isotherms models: Langmuir and Freundlich. The highest removal efficiency and adsorption capacity were, respectively, 83% and 17.27 mg g<sup>-1</sup>. Furthermore, absorption kinetics is better described by the pseudo second-order model. According to the results obtained, pumice coated with INPs is an effective adsorbent and can be introduced as a suitable option in practical applications</p>

scholarly journals Chromium (III) Removal from Synthetic Wastewater Using Biochar Produced from Vegetable Tanned Leather Shaving Dust

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
Tasrina R. Choudhury ◽  
U. H. Bodrun Naher ◽  
Sarifa Akter ◽  
Bilkis A. Begum ◽  
M. Safiur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Thermal Resistivity ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Interaction Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adsorbent Dose

In recent years, the rapid industrialization leads to increase industrial discharges without any appropriate treatment. The present study deals with the removal of Cr (III) ions from aqueous solutions by ZnCl2 treated biochar produced from vegetable tanned leather shaving dust. Effect of various process parameters like solution pH, adsorbent dose, adsorbent type, initial Cr (III) concentration and temperature have been studied in batch system. The thermal resistivity and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were engaged to perceive the surface morphologies of chemically treated and untreated biochar adsorbent. The experimental data was fitted well to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model and the adsorption efficiency of chromium (III) was found to be maximum (70%) at low values of pH (around 3) for 0.75 g/50 mL dose of ZnCl2 treated biochar adsorbent. The model matrix of 24 full factorial design approach has been applied at a 95% confidence level to find the impact of different variables on removal Cr(III) ions from waste water. This study revealed that three main factors: Adsorbent type (p < 0.0001; 66.39%), pH (p < 0.001; 16.01%) and adsorbent dose (p = 0.032; 12.15%) have significant impact on Cr (III) ions removal efficiency. For using ZnCl2 biochar, Cr(III) ions removal efficiency was increased 66.39% compared to using untreated biochar. Subsequently, two interaction factors: pH-time and adsorbent type-time (α = 0.05, p < 0.05) have shown statistically significant on Cr(III) ions removal efficiency. The ZnCl2 treated biochar adsorbent prepared from vegetable tanned leather shaving dust is efficient and it is proposed that it can be conveniently employed as a low cost alternative in the treatment of industrial waste water.

scholarly journals Optimizing the Biosorption Behavior of Ludwigia stolonifera in the Removal of Lead and Chromium Metal Ions from Synthetic Wastewater

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6390
Author(s):  
Yasser A. El-Amier ◽  
Ashraf Elsayed ◽  
Mohamed A. El-Esawi ◽  
Ahmed Noureldeen ◽  
Hadeer Darwish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Static Condition ◽  
Sorption Process ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Batch Mode

In this study, a natural low-coast, efficient, and eco- bio-sorbent plant material (Ludwigia stolonifera), with both parts of the root and shoot, were studied for the removal of the cationic metal ions, lead Pb2+ and chromium Cr6+, via batch mode experiments to evaluate their maximum adsorption capacity, and held a comparison between the used bio-sorbent roots and shoots, based on the highest bio-sorption potential. Optimization of the bio-sorption parameters, such as contact time, pH, bio-sorbent (root and shoot) dosage, and initial ion concentration was conducted. The results indicated that 1.6 g of the used bio-sorbent shoot material removed 81.4% of Pb2+, and 77% of Cr6+ metal ions from liquid media under the conditions of 100 ppm of initial metal ions concentration at room temperature for 60 min of contact time with the static condition. Different isotherms and kinetic models were fit to the experimental data to understand the nature of the bio-sorption process. The experimental data were best fit by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.999), which reveals the chemisorption nature of the bio-sorption process. The chemical and structural analysis of the used bio-sorbent, before and after Cr6+ and Pb2+ bio-sorption, were performed using different techniques of characterization, such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The used bio-sorbent proved to be a low-cost, efficient, and eco-friendly material to remove heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions.

scholarly journals Batch and Column Scale Removal of Cadmium from Water Using Raw and Acid Activated Wheat Straw Biochar

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asif Naeem ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Muhammad Amjad ◽  
Ghulam Abbas ◽  
Muhammad Tahir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Cadmium Removal ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Scale Removal ◽  
Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Good Retention

The present study examined novel wheat straw biochar (WSB) and acid treated wheat straw biochar (AWSB) for cadmium removal from contaminated water. A series of batch and column scale experiments was conducted to evaluate the potential of WSB and AWSB for cadmium removal at different biochar dosage (0.5–8 g/L), initial cadmium concentration (5–100 mg/L), solution pH (2–8) and contact time (5–180 min). Results revealed that cadmium adsorption decreased by increasing biochar dosage from 0.5 to 8 g/L; however, optimum dosage for maximum (99%) removal of cadmium was 2 g/L by WSB and 1 g/L by AWSB. Enhanced cadmium removal potential by AWSB is attributed to increased surface area, microporosity and variation in functional groups. Equilibrium experimental data was well described by Freundlich adsorption isotherm whereas kinetic data were better explained with pseudo-second order model. Both WSB and AWSB have shown good adsorption capacity of 31.65 mg/g and 74.63 mg/g, respectively, that is comparable with other costly adsorbents. Columns packed with WSB and AWSB at laboratory scale have also shown good retention of cadmium with excellent reusability. These findings indicate that WSB especially AWSB could be a promising, cost-effective and environmental friendly strategy for the removal of metals from contaminated water.

scholarly journals Studies on the Removal of Cadmium Toxic Metal Ions by Natural Clays from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Rajaa Bassam ◽  
Achraf El hallaoui ◽  
Marouane El Alouani ◽  
Maissara Jabrane ◽  
El Hassan El Khattabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Natural Clays

The aim of this study is the valorization of the Moroccan clays (QC-MC and QC-MT) from the Middle Atlas region as adsorbents for the treatment of water contaminated by cadmium Cd (II) ions. The physicochemical properties of natural clays are characterized by ICP-MS, XRD, FTIR, and SEM techniques. The adsorption process is investigated as a function of adsorbent mass, solution pH, contact time, temperature, and initial Cd (II) ion concentration. The kinetic investigation shows that the adsorption equilibrium of Cd (II) ions by both natural clays is reached after 30 min for QC-MT and 45 min for QC-MC and fits well to a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The isotherm study is best fitted by a Freundlich model, with the maximum adsorption capacity determined by the linear form of the Freundlich isotherm being 4.23 mg/g for QC-MC and 5.85 mg/g for QC-MT at 25°C. The cadmium adsorption process was thermodynamically spontaneous and exothermic. The regeneration process showed that these natural clays had excellent recycling capacity. Characterization of the Moroccan natural clays before and after the adsorption process through FTIR, SEM, XRD, and EDX techniques confirmed the Cd (II) ion adsorption on the surfaces of both natural clay adsorbents. Overall, the high adsorption capacity of both natural clays for Cd (II) ions removal compared to other adsorbents motioned in the literature indicated that these two natural adsorbents are excellent candidates for heavy metal removal from aqueous environments.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Lead(II) Ions from Aqueous Solution onto Lignin

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Bulgariu ◽  
Dumitru Bulgariu ◽  
Theodor Malutan ◽  
Matei Macoveanu
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Batch System ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm Model ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

The adsorption of lead(II) ions from aqueous solution onto lignin was investigated in this study. Thus, the influence of the initial solution pH, the lignin dosage, the initial Pb(II) ion concentration and the contact time were investigated at room temperature (19 ± 0.5 °C) in a batch system. Adsorption equilibrium was approached within 30 min. The adsorption kinetic data could be well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, while the equilibrium data were well fitted using the Langmuir isotherm model. A maximum adsorption capacity of 32.36 mg/g was observed. The results of this study indicate that lignin has the potential to become an effective and economical adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) ions from industrial wastewaters.

scholarly journals Process Optimization Study of Zn2+ Adsorption on Biochar-Alginate Composite Adsorbent by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subrata Biswas ◽  
Manisha Bal ◽  
Sushanta Behera ◽  
Tushar Sen ◽  
Bhim Meikap
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Composite Adsorbent ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Adsorbent Dose

A novel biochar alginate composite adsorbent was synthesized and applied for removal of Zn2+ ions from aqueous solution. Kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies showed the suitability of the adsorbent. From a Langmuir isotherm study, the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of the composite adsorbent was found to be 120 mg/g. To investigate the effect of process variables like initial Zn2+ concentration (25–100 mg/L), adsorbent dose (0.4–8 g/L) and temperature (298–318 K) on Zn2+ adsorption, response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three independent variables central composite design of experiments was employed. A quadratic model equation was developed to predict the relationship between the independent variables and response for maximum Zn2+ removal. The optimization study reveals that the initial Zn2+ concentration and adsorbent dose were the most effective parameters for removal of Zn2+ due to higher magnitude of F-statistic value which effects to a large extent of Zn2+ removal. The optimum physicochemical condition for maximum removal of Zn2+ was determined from the RSM study. The optimum conditions are 43.18 mg/L initial metal ion concentration, 0.062 g adsorbent dose and a system temperature of 313.5 K. At this particular condition, the removal efficiency of Zn2+ was obtained as 85%.

scholarly journals Chromium and cadmium removal from synthetic wastewater by Electrocoagulation process

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-382
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Cadmium Removal ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process

Electrocoagulation (EC) is one of the efficient electrochemical approaches for industrial wastewater treatment. The present work aims to reach optimum conditions for achieving simultaneous removal of chromium and cadmium ions from synthetic wastewater by EC through assessment of different parameters like electrodes material, electrode configuration, initial pH, current density, initial temperature, and initial contaminate concentration. In addition, a comparison between chemical coagulation and EC efficiency for Chromium and cadmium removal was presented. Results showed that the (Fe-Al), an anode and cathode, achieved better removal efficiency than other electrodes configurations (Fe-Fe / Al-Fe / Al- Al). Also, the increase of initial temperature and current density enhanced the removal efficiency. In contrast, the increase in the initial concentration reduced the removal efficiency. The complete removal of Chromium achieved through the use of Fe-Al electrodes and current density was 12.50 mA/cm2 with solution pH of 5.8, temperature was 25oC and an initial concentration of 280 mg/L. On the other hand, Cadmium’s complete removal was achieved through the use of Fe-Allectrodes, at pH of 5.8, applied current 1.4 A and 60oC. Therefore, EC was proved to be better approach than conventional coagulation in case of treatment of wastewater containing different types of heavy metals ions with high initial concentrations.

scholarly journals Statistical Optimization of As(V) Adsorption Parameters onto Epichlorohydrin/Fe3O4 Crosslinked Chitosan Derivative Nanocomposite using Box-Behnken Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 997-1007
Author(s):  
Vijayanand Nagarajan ◽  
Raja Ganesan ◽  
Srinivasan Govindan ◽  
Prabha Govind
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
P Value ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Parameters ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic

In this study, Box-Behnken design (BBD) in response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize As(V) removal from an aqueous solution onto synthesized crosslinked carboxymethylchitosan-epichlorohydrin/Fe3O4 nanaocomposite. The factors like solution pH, adsorbent dose, contact time and temperature were optimized by the method which shows high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9406), and a predictive quadratic polynomial model equation. The adequacy of the model and parameters were evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with their significant factors of Fischer’s F-test (p < 0.05). Seven significant parameters with interaction effects in the experiment with p-value < 0.0001 was observed, having a maximum removal efficiency of As(V) is 95.1%. Optimal conditions of dosage, pH, temperature, initial ion concentration and contact time in the process were found to be 0.7 g, pH 6.5, 308K, 10 mg/L and 60 min respectively. Langmuir isotherm model fitted better than the Freundlich model having a maximum adsorption capacity of 28.99 mg/g, a high regression value of 0.9988, least chi-square value of 0.1781. The process was found to follow monolayer adsorption and pseudo-second-order kinetics. Thermodynamic parameters indicate the process is spontaneous, endothermic and physisorption in nature. Successful regeneration of the adsorbent implies its applicability to the removal of arsenic from real life wastewater.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Adsorption Efficiency on the Removal of Lead(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Azadirachta indica Leaves as an Adsorbent

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 559
Author(s):  
Abubakr Elkhaleefa ◽  
Ismat H. Ali ◽  
Eid I. Brima ◽  
Ihab Shigidi ◽  
Ahmed. B. Elhag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Standard Free Energy ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Adsorbent Dose

The efficiency of Azadirachta indica (neem leaves) on the removal of Pb(II) ions by adsorption from aqueous solution was investigated in this study. The efficiency of these leaves (without chemical or thermal treatment) for the adsorption of Pb(II) ions has not previously been reported. Batch experiments were performed to study the effect of the particle size, pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, initial Pb(II) ion concentration, and temperature. The maximum removal of 93.5% was achieved from an original Pb(II) ion solution concentration of 50 mg/L after 40 min, at pH 7, with 0.60 g of an adsorbent dose. The maximum adsorption capacity recorded was 39.7 mg/g. The adsorption process was also studied by examining Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin isotherm, and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm models. The results revealed that the adsorption system follows the pseudo-second-order model and fitted the Freundlich model. Several thermodynamic factors, namely, the standard free energy (∆G°), enthalpy (∆H°), and entropy (∆S°) changes, were also calculated. The results demonstrated that the adsorption is a spontaneous, physical, and exothermic process. The surface area, pore size, and volume of adsorbent particles were measured and presented using a surface area analyzer (BET); the morphology was scanned and presented with the scanning electron microscope technique (SEM); and the functional groups were investigated using μ-FTIR.

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