scholarly journals Detection of Listeria species, factors associated, and antibiogram of Listeria monocytogenes in beef at abattoirs, butchers, and restaurants of Ambo and Holeta Towns, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endrias Zewdu Gebremedhin ◽  
Gadisa Hirpa ◽  
Bizunesh Mideksa Borana ◽  
Edilu Jorga Sarba ◽  
Lencho Megersa Marami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Meat Samples

Abstract Background Listeriosis is one of the globally distributed foodborne diseases with the highest fatality rate. Few studies were done on the occurrence of Listeria species from meat at abattoirs, butchers, and restaurants in Ethiopia, and there has been no study conducted at Ambo and Holeta town. The objectives of this study were to isolate and identify Listeria species, assess factors for contamination of meat, and antibiogram of Listeria monocytogenes along the meat chain in Ambo and Holeta towns, Central Ethiopia. Methods 450 meat samples were collected from abattoirs (n = 150), butchers (n = 150) and restaurants (n = 150) for isolation and identification of Listeria species using primary culture and biochemical tests. A questionnaire survey and observational checklist were made to assess the potential risk factors for the occurrence of Listeria species such as factors related to socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge on hygiene and practice of food handlers. Pearson’s Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were used to assess factors contributing for contamination of meat with Listeria species. Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique was applied to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Listeria monocytogenes isolates. Results The overall occurrence of Listeria species in both Ambo and Holeta towns was 28.44% (128/450; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 24.32–32.86%). The occurrence of L. monocytogenes was 4.4% (20/450; 95% CI: 2.74–6.78%), L. ivanovii 2.2% (10/450; 95% CI: 1.07–4.04%), L. seeligeri 1.78% (8/450; 95% CI: 0.8–3.47%), L. welshimeri 3.77% (17/450; 95% CI: 2.22–5.98%), L. inoccua 6.22% (28/450; 95% CI: 4.17–8.87%) and L. grayi 10.22% (46/450; 95% CI: 7.58–13.39%). The probability of contamination of meat in butchers and restaurants by the Listeria species were comparatively higher in high altitude (Holeta) than medium altitudes (Ambo) [OR = 4.91; 95% CI: 2.65–9.07%; p < 0.001], in dry than wet season [OR = 8.78; 95% CI: 2.66–28.99%; p < 0.001] and in butchers and restaurant where the employees work ≥ 9 hours per day than those working ≤ 8 hours per day (OR = 3.57; 95% CI:1.74–7.36%; p < 0.001]. Of the 20 Listeria monocytogenes isolates, 16 (80%) were resistant to oxacillin; 14 (70%) were resistant to amikacin and nalidixic acid; 12 (60%) were resistant to chloramphenicol and 11 (55%) were resistant to tetracycline. The L. monocytogenes isolates were 95%, 90% and 85% susceptible to amoxicillin, vancomycin, and clindamycin, respectively. All (100%) Listeria monocytogenes isolates were resistant for two or more drugs. Nineteen (95%) L. monocytogenes isolates were multidrug-resistant. One isolate (5%) had developed resistance to 10 classes of antimicrobial drugs. Conclusions Listeria species are widespread in the study areas. The study towns, season and working hours per day are independent predictors of Listeria species isolation. Multidrug resistance among L. monocytogenes is common. Therefore, regular training for meat handlers, prudent use of drugs, and further serological and molecular studies on Listeria species are important.

scholarly journals Citrobacter braakii Yield False-Positive Identification as Salmonella, a Note of Caution

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2177
Author(s):  
Joanna Pławińska-Czarnak ◽  
Karolina Wódz ◽  
Magdalena Kizerwetter-Świda ◽  
Tomasz Nowak ◽  
Janusz Bogdan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
False Positive Identification ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Meat Samples

Background: Globally, Salmonella enterica is one of the leading causes of foodborne illness in humans. Food of animal origin is obligatorily tested for the presence of this pathogen. Unfortunately, in meat and meat products, this is often hampered by the presence of background microbiota, which may present as false-positive Salmonella. Methods: For the identification of Salmonella spp. from meat samples of beef, pork, and poultry, the authorized detection method is PN-EN ISO 6579-1:2017-04 with the White–Kauffmann–Le Minor scheme, two biochemical tests: API 20E and VITEK II, and a real-time PCR-based technique. Results: Out of 42 presumptive strains of Salmonella, 83.3% Salmonella enterica spp. enterica, 14.3% Citrobacter braakii, and 12.4% Proteus mirabilis were detected from 180 meat samples. Conclusions: Presumptive strains of Salmonella should be identified based on genotypic properties such as DNA-based methods. The aim of this study was the isolation and identification of Salmonella spp. from miscellaneous meat sorts: beef, pork, and poultry.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Actinomycetes with Anticandida Activity from Mangrove Soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-615
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sharifi ◽  
Nirichan Kunchirman Bipinraj
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Mangrove Soil ◽  
Mangrove Soils ◽  
Characterization Studies

Candida albicans, a common human commensal, is the leading cause of nosocomial infections due to the emergence of drug resistance. The present study reports the isolation and identification of actinomycetes from mangrove soil and characterization of its antagonistic activity against drug resistant Candida species. Mangrove soils from Khargar, Navi Mumbai were screened for actinomycetes with anti-candida activity. In total, 20 actinomycetes culture were isolated from mangrove soil sample, amongst the culture designated as MB was found to inhibit all tested pathogenic Candida cultures. The isolate MB was identified using biochemical tests and 16S rRNA sequencing as Streptomyces viridocromogenes. MB culture showed maximum activity after incubation period of 48 to 72 h, pH of 6.2 and temperature of 30℃. Partially purified active molecule was found to be inactivated by heat treatment but resisted proteinase K, indicating the compound can be an antibiotic in nature. The study highlights the isolation of Streptomyces viridocromogenes with antagonistic activity against multidrug resistant Candida from mangrove soil. This culture is an ideal candidate for further characterization studies for anti-candida molecules.

scholarly journals A Study of Isolation and Identification of Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Wound Specimen

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Maria Muddassir ◽  
Sadaf Munir ◽  
Almas Raza ◽  
Adeel Iqbal ◽  
Muddassir Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a clinically important pathogenic microbe in hospitalized patients. It is a major cause of mortality and morbidity having a number of mechanisms that make it antibiotic resistant. Considering the dearth of antimicrobial drugs to treat infection with this pathogen, it has become a necessity to open up new arena for treatment with this organism. Recently, there has been an up rise in the number of multidrug resistant pathogenic strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Objective: Isolation and identification of multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from wound specimens and to evaluate the antibiotic resistant strains of this microbe. Methodology: One hundred and fifty clinical samples of wound were taken from hospitalized patients at Jinnah hospital Lahore during the period of October 2019 to April 2020. In total, twenty (20) isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were identified using the cultural features, morphological characteristics and various biochemical tests plus the Vitek 2 system. Blue/green, brown /blue and yellow/green pigment production showed the presence and growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results: Percentage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in females came out to be 15% as compared to 11.42% in males. This was followed by testing susceptibility of isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to various antimicrobial drugs. Piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem showed the highest efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Highest resistance was exhibited against trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole which was 75%. Conclusion: Most isolates showed multidrug resistance to four or more drugs. Development of multidrug resistance has emerged as a global problem with pathogens commonly causing infections becoming increasingly resistant to antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Isolation and Genomics of multidrug-resistant Brevundimonas diminuta collected from patients with pertussis-like symptoms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azadeh Safarchi ◽  
Vajihe Sadat Nikbin ◽  
Samaneh Saedi ◽  
Mojdeh Dinarvand ◽  
Mahdi Sedaghatpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Core Genes

AbstractBrevundinomas diminuta is known as an opportunistic pathogen and is rarely associated with invasive infections in humans causing infection in the different parts of the body. In this study, we identified three B. diminuta isolates from three patients with an initial diagnosis of pertussis. Isolates were confirmed using biochemical tests and 16s rRNA sequencing. All isolates were resistant to three different classes of antimicrobial drugs including ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin. We performed Illumina whole-genome sequencing for two isolates. The results showed an average genome size of 3.25 Mbp with the G+C content 67% with multiple predicted virulence factors and genes leading to antibiotic resistance. We found an open pan-genome with 1502 core genes by analysing 13 available global B. diminuta isolated from different environments such as water, soil, or gentamicin fermentation residue. In the phylogenetic analysis, our isolates were grouped with B. diminuta isolate collected from an oral cavity of a patient in the USA.

scholarly journals Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella spp. Isolated from Apparently Healthy Pigeons in a Live Bird Market in Chattogram, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 508-513
Author(s):  
Zamila Bueaza Bupasha ◽  
Ruhena Begum ◽  
Sharna Karmakar ◽  
Rahima Akter ◽  
Md Bayzid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Live Bird Market ◽  
Live Bird ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Multidrug-resistant Salmonella could pose a severe public health threat. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and some antibiotic-resistant genes in Salmonella spp. isolated from pigeons in a live bird market, Chattogram, Bangladesh. A total of 100 cloacal swab samples were collected aseptically from apparently healthy pigeons in the live bird market, namely Riazuddin Bazar in Chattogram city, Bangladesh. Different bacteriological and biochemical tests were used for the isolation and identification of Salmonella spp. The susceptibility test of Salmonella isolates to different antibiotics was performed by the disk diffusion method. PCR assay using specific primers was used for antibiotic resistance genes detection. The results indicated that the prevalence of Salmonella spp. was 29% in sampled birds. The highest antibiotic resistance rate was found to be ampicillin (93.1%), followed by both sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and tetracycline (86.2%). In contrast, 65.5% of isolates were found sensitive to ciprofloxacin, followed by colistin (62.1%), kanamycin (55.2%), and gentamicin (48.3%). 96.6% of Salmonella isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant and harbored blaTEM, tetA, sul1, and sul2 genes. In conclusion, pigeons as carriers of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella spp. may pose a health risk to other birds and humans.

Descriptive and categorical analyses of live animals imported into Nigeria through an international airport and their enterobacterial load

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Macconkey Agar ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Faecal Samples

Introduction: Globalization, international trade, and the increase in human and animal populations has enhanced the spread of infectious pathogens across countries. The volume, sources, species, enterobacterial load, and Enterobacteriaceae bacteria of live animals imported through Murtala Muhammed International Airport into Nigeria were investigated. Methods: Data of imported animals from various continents into Nigeria between years 2010 and 2016 were retrieved from Department of Veterinary and Pest Control Services. Faecal samples were collected from dogs and cats imported from April to July 2017 for isolation and identification of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria, and enterobacterial load assessment using MacConkey agar, Nutrient agar and biochemical tests. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square at p < 0.05. Results: A total of 6,349 (median = 676; range: 362-1666) animals were imported. Africa had the largest volume (55.7%), Europe (28.0%) and Oceania lowest (0.1%). Canine (dogs) and feline (cats) (59.9%), caprine and ovine (12.1%), bovine (11.5%), porcine (10.2%) and equine (6.2%) were imported. Continent of origin (χ2= 21.63, p < 0.0001) and species (χ2 = 1200.00, p < 0.0001) were significantly associated with volume of importation. Mean Enterobacteriaceae Counts were 18.126±0.84×107 and 3.855±0.53×107 CFU/gram for dogs and cats, respectively. Escherichia coli, Proteus, Shigella, Citrobacter and Klebsiella species were isolated. Significance: Live animals, mostly dogs and cats imported frequently from Africa and Europe into Nigeria through the airport may constitute a risk of introducing infectious and zoonotic pathogens into the country. Animals imported into Nigeria should be regularly quarantined and assessed microbiologically to ensure disease prevention.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and genotypic detection of carbapenemase enzymes producing gram-negative bacilli isolated from patients in Khartoum State

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1656
Author(s):  
R.A. Dahab ◽  
Alamin Mohamed Ibrahim ◽  
Hisham N. Altayb
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Life Threatening

Background: Carbapenems are used as antibiotics of last resort for treating infections due to multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli, but emergence of Carbapenem resistant Gram-negative bacilli have been reported due to the production of Carbapenemase enzymes that significantly limits treatment options for life-threatening infections. Objective: This study aimed to detect Carbapenem resistant Gram-negative bacilli from patients attended to different hospitals in Khartoum state and to detect Carbapenemase enzymes production by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in Khartoum state in the period from February to August 2016. Hundred and forty nine Gram-negative bacilli bacteria were isolated from different clinical specimens. Blood agar, Chromogenic agar media, MacConkey agar, XLD mediaandstandard biochemical tests were used for isolation and identification of Gram-negative bacilli from different samples. Standard antimicrobial susceptibility testing to Carbapenem antibiotic was performed for all isolates, then detection of Carbapenemase enzymes production for the resistant isolates was performed using Modified Hodge Test and PCR. Results: Hundred and forty nine Gram-negative bacilli were isolated from 147 different clinical specimens. The most predominant Gram-negative bacilli isolates was E.coli (54.4%), followed by Klebsiella species (29.5%). More than fifty percent of the isolates were Carbapenem resistant. Fifty six percent of the resistant isolates were positive by Modified Hodge Test. By using PCR, 17.3% of resistant organisms were harbored blaOXA48 gene, and 6.7% harbored blaIMP gene. E.coli was the most bacteria that harbored the blaoxa48 followed by Klebsiella species. blaIMP gene was harbored only by E.coli. Conclusion: The percentage of resistance to Carbapenems due to production of Carbapenemase enzymes is very high in Sudan.BlaOXA48 gene is more predominant than blaIMP in this study.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Aerobic Bacterial Pathogens from Blood Culture of Cancer Patients in Al-Zara Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Areeg Abd-Alaziz Alnoor Mohammed ◽  
◽  
Babbiker Mohammed Taher Gorish ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Study Results

Patients with cancer are particularly under risk of many microbial infections and even septicaemia due to the weakened immune system induced by Chemotherapy. This study was done to identify and isolate aerobic bacterial septicaemic pathogens among cancer patients. This study was performed in Radiation and Isotopes national Centre of Khartoum Hospital (previously Alzarra) during the period from September to November 2019. One Hundred Fifty blood samples were collected from cancer patients suspected to have septicemia. All samples where inculated in blood culture media and incubated aerobically. Upon detection of growth signs the bacterial isolates were subcultured and identified according to the Standard known procedure. Antimicrobial sensitivity test was done following CLSI guidelines, The study showed that Twenty two (14%) of the investigated samples were showed growth signs, while One hundred Twenty eight (86%) were showed no growth. After subculture on Blood agar, MacConky agar and Chocolate agar, all isolated pathogens were subjected to essential bacteriological biochemical tests and identified as E.coli (57.1%) , Klebsiella pneumonia (19%) ,Staphylococcus aureus( 9.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.8%) . Citrobacter Spp (4.8%) and Streptococcus pyogens (4.8%). Septicaemia in patients with cancer was mainly caused by E.coli in patients using chemotherapy. Further study with inclusion of more sample size and focusing on multidrug resistant isolates is essential to verify the current study results.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Analysis and Antibiotics Resistance of Listeria Monocytogenes Contaminating Chicken Meat in Surabaya, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Eduardus Bimo Aksono ◽  
Katty Hendriana Priscilla Riwu ◽  
A. T. Soelih Estoepangestie ◽  
Herinda Pertiwi
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
New Generation

The objective of this study was to identify the phylogenetic analysis and antibiotic resistance of Listeria monocytogenes contaminating chicken meat in Surabaya. 60 chicken meat samples were collected from supermarkets, mobile vendors, and traditional markets in Surabaya. A selective medium is used for isolation and identification of Listeria monocytogenes by chopping 25 grams of the chicken meat and to put it into the sterilized Erlenmeyer flasks. Some methods were used for the identification procedures, such as biochemical and morphological tests, antibiotic resistance test, PCR, and sequencing; also a phylogenetic analysis was conducted by a neighbor-joining analysis using Genetix Mac ver 8.0 with hlyA genes of Listeria monocytogenes recorded in GenBank, such as Lineage I (KC808543), Lineage II (AY229462, AY229346, AY229499, and AY229404), Lineage III (KJ504139, HQ686043, KJ504116, and DQ988349), and Lineage IV (EU840690, EF030606). The result shows that the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in Surabaya contaminating the chicken meat samples from the supermarkets was 10% (2/20), from the mobile vendors was 0/20 (0%), and from the traditional markets was 5% (1/20). It was seen from the band at 456 bp fragment. Furthermore, three isolates found in Surabaya were included in the new lineages which were resistant to old-generation antibiotics such as sulfamethonazole-trimetophrim (SXT) and amoxyllin sulbactam (MAS), but they were still sensitive to new-generation antibiotics such as cefotaxime (CTX) and meropenem (MEM).

scholarly journals Occurrence, antimicrobial resistance pattern and molecular characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from bovine’s milk and meat in Mekelle City, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getachew Gugsa Amede ◽  
Tesfay Hailu Kidanu ◽  
Yisehak Tsegaye Redda ◽  
Meselu Ahmed Ali ◽  
Nesibu Awol Ababelgu
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mekelle City ◽  
Meat Samples

Listeria monocytogenes is an opportunistic and emerging foodborne zoonotic pathogen that encompasses a diversity of strains with varied virulence and can cause serious human and animal infections worldwide with low incidence but high hospitalization and case fatality rates. A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2016 to June 2017 to estimate the molecular epidemiology of L. monocytogenes and its serotypes, and antimicrobial resistance pattern of isolates in Mekelle City. A total of 768 (384 of milk and 384 meat) samples of bovine origin were collected using a purposive random sampling technique. Isolation and identification of L. monocytogenes was done according to standard and recommended bacteriological procedures. Genome-based confirmation of each isolate was performed at species and serovar levels by targeting Iap, Imo0737, ORF2819 and ORF2110 genes using specific primers. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using agar plate antibiotic disk diffusion method. The overall prevalence of L. monocytogenes was 26 (3.39%). Sample type prevalence rates of L. monocytogenes were 4.17 % and 2.6% in meat and milk samples, respectively. There was a statically significant difference (p<0.05) on the prevalence rates of the organism in meat samples collected from abattoir (1.67%), butcher shops (8.33%), and restaurants (8.33%). Serovars that were identified were belonged to 1/2b and 4b. Large proportions of isolates were highly susceptible to Ampicillin (88.46%) and Vancomycin (84.62%). However, the isolates had shown the highest level of resistance against Nalidixic Acid (96.15%). The highest intermediate was observed to Amoxicillin (57.69%). Moreover, 42.31% of the isolates were developed resistance for more than two drugs. Hence, both its occurrence and development of a multi-drug resistance indicated that, a coordinated effort is imperative to reduce or eliminate the risk posed by this pathogen in food chains and on controlled and careful use of antimicrobials both in veterinary and human treatment regimes.

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