scholarly journals Physiological and Transcriptomic Response of Grey Poplar (Populus ×Canescens Aiton Sm.) to Cadmium Stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Komarkova ◽  
Jakub Chromy ◽  
Eva Pokorna ◽  
Petr Soudek ◽  
Pavlina Machova
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Transcriptomic Response ◽  
Stress Response Genes ◽  
Most Significant Change ◽  
As Stress

Abstract Background: Populus ×canescens (Aiton) Sm. is a fast-growing woody plant belonging to the family Salicaceae. Thanks to its deep root system and fast growth rate, two poplar genotypes (TP11 and TP20) was chosen to be characterized and tested for a physiological and transcriptomic response to Cd stress.Results: Both sexual and clonal reproduction are common in grey poplar. Thus, to reveal its genetic structure, two selected poplar genotypes characterized by unique phenotypic traits were distinguished by microsatellite analysis. A comparative analysis of the effects of exposure to high cadmium (Cd) concentrations on the physiological response of TP11 and TP20 was performed. After 2 and 10 days, 10 µM and 100 µM Cd were added to the nutrient solution of poplar plants grown in perlite. Neither tested Cd concentration negatively affected plant growth; however, the chlorophyll content significantly decreased. According to mineral uptake analysis, the potassium (K) content was higher in the shoots than in the roots. The calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) concentrations were only slightly affected by Cd treatment. The zinc (Zn) content in the shoots of TP20 was lower than that in the shoots of TP11. Moreover, the amount of Zn was slightly higher in the shoots of both genotypes after 10 days of Cd treatment compared to the control conditions. Cd accumulation was higher in the roots than in the shoots. After 2 days of 100 µM Cd treatment, TP11 accumulated significantly more Cd in the roots than TP20. After 10 days of exposure, 10 µM Cd resulted in comparable amounts of Cd in the roots and shoots of TP20, which was reflected in a translocation factor (TF) value greater than 1. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analyses were used to examine the expression profiles of selected stress-response genes in the roots and shoots of plants exposed to Cd. The most significant change in transcript amount was observed in endochitinase 2, 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 1 and phi class glutathione S-transferase, which have been characterized as stress-response genes.Conclusions: Our study provided new insights for effective assessing the ability of different poplar genotypes to tolerate Cd stress and underlying Cd tolerance.

scholarly journals Physiological and Transcriptomic Response of Grey Poplar (Populus ×canescens Aiton Sm.) to Cadmium Stress

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1485
Author(s):  
Martina Komárková ◽  
Jakub Chromý ◽  
Eva Pokorná ◽  
Petr Soudek ◽  
Pavlína Máchová
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Content ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Transcriptomic Response ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
The Family ◽  
Most Significant Change ◽  
Transcript Amount

(1) Background: Populus ×canescens (Aiton) Sm. is a fast-growing woody plant belonging to the family Salicaceae. Two poplar genotypes characterized by unique phenotypic traits (TP11 and TP20) were chosen to be characterized and tested for a physiological and transcriptomic response to Cd stress. (2) Methods: A comparative analysis of the effects of exposure to high cadmium (Cd) concentrations (10 µM and 100 µM) of TP11 and TP20 was performed. (3) Results: Neither of the tested Cd concentration negatively affected plant growth; however, the chlorophyll content significantly decreased. The potassium (K) content was higher in the shoots than in the roots. The magnesium concentrations were only slightly affected by Cd treatment. The zinc content in the shoots of TP20 was lower than that in the shoots of TP11. Cd accumulation was higher in the roots than in the shoots. After 10 days of exposure, 10 µM Cd resulted in comparable amounts of Cd in the roots and shoots of TP20. The most significant change in transcript amount was observed in endochitinase 2, 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 1 and phi classglutathione S-transferase. (4) Conclusions: Our study provided new insights for effective assessing the ability of different poplar genotypes to tolerate Cd stress and underlying Cd tolerance.

Vitamin D regulates the expression of immune and stress response genes in dengue virus-infected macrophages by inducing specific microRNAs

MicroRNA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geysson Javier Fernandez ◽  
Jorge Andrés Castillo ◽  
Diana Marcela Giraldo ◽  
Silvio Urcuqui-Inchima
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Denv Infection ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Stress Response Genes

Background: The pathogenesis associated with Dengue virus (DENV) infection is marked by the impairment of host immune response. Consequently, the modulation of immune response has emerged as an important therapeutic target for the control of DENV infection. Vitamin D has been shown to regulate the immune response in DENV infection, although the molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. Post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA by miRNAs offers an opportunity to gain insight into the immunomodulation mediated by vitamin D Objective: Previously, it has been observed that a high dose of vitamin D (4000 IU) decreased DENV-2 infection and inflammatory response in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). Here, we examine whether high or low doses of vitamin D supplements exert differential effect on miRNA expression in DENV-infected macrophages Methods: We analyzed miRNA expression profiles in MDMs isolated from healthy individuals who were given either 1000 or 4000 IU/day of vitamin D for 10 days. MDMs before or after vitamin D supplementation were challenged with DENV-2, and miRNAs profiles were analyzed by qPCR arrays. Results: DENV-2 infected MDMs supplemented with 4000 IU, showed up-regulation of miR-374a-5p, miR-363-3p, miR-101-3p, miR-9-5p, miR-34a-5p, miR-200a-3p, and the family of miRNAs miR-21-5p, and miR-590-p. The miRNA profile and predicted target mRNAs suggested regulatory pathways in MDMs obtained from healthy donors who received higher doses of vitamin D. These DENV-2 infected MDMs expressed a unique set of miRNAs that target immune and cellular stress response genes. Conclusion: The results suggest vitamin D dose-dependent differential expression of miRNAs target key signaling pathways of the pathogenesis of dengue disease.

scholarly journals Survival Strategies of the Plant-Associated Bacterium Enterobacter sp. Strain EG16 under Cadmium Stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 1734-1744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanmei Chen ◽  
Yuanqing Chao ◽  
Yaying Li ◽  
Qingqi Lin ◽  
Jun Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Sulfur Metabolism ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Energy Conserving

ABSTRACTPlant-associated bacteria are of great interest because of their potential use in phytoremediation. However, their ability to survive and promote plant growth in metal-polluted soils remains unclear. In this study, a soilborne Cd-resistant bacterium was isolated and identified asEnterobactersp. strain EG16. It tolerates high external Cd concentrations (Cd2+MIC, >250 mg liter−1) and is able to produce siderophores and the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), both of which contribute to plant growth promotion. Surface biosorption in this strain accounted for 31% of the total Cd accumulated. The potential presence of cadmium sulfide, shown by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, suggested intracellular Cd binding as a Cd response mechanism of the isolate. Cd exposure resulted in global regulation at the transcriptomic level, with the bacterium switching to an energy-conserving mode by inhibiting energy-consuming processes while increasing the production of stress-related proteins. The stress response system included increased import of sulfur and iron, which become deficient under Cd stress, and the redirection of sulfur metabolism to the maintenance of intracellular glutathione levels in response to Cd toxicity. Increased production of siderophores, responding to Cd-induced Fe deficiency, not only is involved in the Cd stress response systems of EG16 but may also play an important role in promoting plant growth as well as alleviating the Cd-induced inhibition of IAA production. The newly isolated strain EG16 may be a suitable candidate for microbially assisted phytoremediation due to its high resistance to Cd and its Cd-induced siderophore production, which is likely to contribute to plant growth promotion.

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptome combined with metabolome analyses revealed key factors involved in nitric oxide (NO)-regulated cadmium stress adaptation in tall fescue

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Chen ◽  
Huihui Zhu ◽  
Honglian Ai ◽  
Zhengrong Hu ◽  
Dongyun Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
No Donor

Abstract Background It has been reported that nitric oxide (NO) could ameliorate cadmium (Cd) toxicity in tall fescue; however, the underlying mechanisms of NO mediated Cd detoxification are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the possible molecular mechanisms of Cd detoxification process by comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches. Results The application of Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as NO donor decreased the Cd content of tall fescue by 11% under Cd stress (T1 treatment), but the Cd content was increased by 24% when treated with c-PTIO together with L-NAME (T2 treatment). RNA-seq analysis revealed that 904 (414 up- and 490 down-regulated) and 118 (74 up- and 44 down-regulated) DEGs were identified in the T1 vs Cd and T2 vs Cd comparisons, respectively. Moreover, metabolite profile analysis showed that 99 (65 up- and 34-down- regulated) and 131 (45 up- and 86 down-regulated) metabolites were altered in the T1 vs Cd and T2 vs Cd comparisons, respectively. The integrated analyses of transcriptomic and metabolic data showed that 81 DEGs and 15 differentially expressed metabolites were involved in 20 NO-induced pathways. The dominant pathways were involved in antioxidant activities such as glutathione metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, secondary metabolites such as flavone and flavonol biosynthesis and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, ABC transporters, and nitrogen metabolism. Conclusions In general, the results revealed that there are three major mechanisms regulated by NO in Cd stress response in tall fescue: (a) antioxidant capacity enhancement; (b) accumulation of secondary metabolites related to cadmium chelation and sequestration; and (c) regulation of cadmium ion transportation, such as ABC transporter activation. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the NO-mediated cadmium stress response.

scholarly journals Cdc48 cofactor Shp1 regulates signal-induced SCFMet30disassembly

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (35) ◽  
pp. 21319-21327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Lauinger ◽  
Karin Flick ◽  
James L. Yen ◽  
Radhika Mathur ◽  
Peter Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome System ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Aaa Atpase ◽  
Selective Disassembly ◽  
As Stress ◽  
F Box Protein

Organisms can adapt to a broad spectrum of sudden and dramatic changes in their environment. These abrupt changes are often perceived as stress and trigger responses that facilitate survival and eventual adaptation. The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is involved in most cellular processes. Unsurprisingly, components of the UPS also play crucial roles during various stress response programs. The budding yeast SCFMet30complex is an essential cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase that connects metabolic and heavy metal stress to cell cycle regulation. Cadmium exposure results in the active dissociation of the F-box protein Met30 from the core ligase, leading to SCFMet30inactivation. Consequently, SCFMet30substrate ubiquitylation is blocked and triggers a downstream cascade to activate a specific transcriptional stress response program. Signal-induced dissociation is initiated by autoubiquitylation of Met30 and serves as a recruitment signal for the AAA-ATPase Cdc48/p97, which actively disassembles the complex. Here we show that the UBX cofactor Shp1/p47 is an additional key element for SCFMet30disassembly during heavy metal stress. Although the cofactor can directly interact with the ATPase, Cdc48 and Shp1 are recruited independently to SCFMet30during cadmium stress. An intact UBX domain is crucial for effective SCFMet30disassembly, and a concentration threshold of Shp1 recruited to SCFMet30needs to be exceeded to initiate Met30 dissociation. The latter is likely related to Shp1-mediated control of Cdc48 ATPase activity. This study identifies Shp1 as the crucial Cdc48 cofactor for signal-induced selective disassembly of a multisubunit protein complex to modulate activity.

scholarly journals Genome-wide characterization of the hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii F-box family under cadmium stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuang Zhang ◽  
Wenmin Qiu ◽  
Wen Liu ◽  
Xiaojiao Han ◽  
Longhua Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Sedum Alfredii ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Hub Genes ◽  
Transgenic Yeast

AbstractThe F-box genes, which form one of the largest gene families in plants, are vital for plant growth, development and stress response. However, F-box gene family in Sedum alfredii remains unknown. Comprehensive studies addressing their function responding to cadmium stress is still limited. In the present study, 193 members of the F-box gene (SaFbox) family were identified, which were classified into nine subfamilies. Most of the SaFboxs had highly conserved domain and motif. Various functionally related cis-elements involved in plant growth regulation, stress and hormone responses were located in the upstream regions of SaFbox genes. RNA-sequencing and co-expression network analysis revealed that the identified SaFbox genes would be involved in Cd stress. Expression analysis of 16 hub genes confirmed their transcription level in different tissues. Four hub genes (SaFbox40, SaFbox51, SaFbox136 and SaFbox170) were heterologously expressed in a Cd-sensitive yeast cell to assess their effects on Cd tolerance. The transgenic yeast cells carrying SaFbox40, SaFbox51, SaFbox136, or SaFbox170 were more sensitive and accumulated more cadmium under Cd stress than empty vector transformed control cells. Our results performed a comprehensive analysis of Fboxs in S. alfredii and identified their potential roles in Cd stress response.

scholarly journals MicroRNA-mRNA expression profiles and their potential role in cadmium stress response in Brassica napus

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Fu ◽  
Annaliese S. Mason ◽  
Yaofeng Zhang ◽  
Baogang Lin ◽  
Meili Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Metabolism ◽  
Cd Stress

Abstract Background Oilseed rape is an excellent candidate for phytoremediation of cadmium (Cd) contaminated soils given its advantages of high biomass, fast growth, moderate metal accumulation, ease of harvesting, and metal tolerance, but the cadmium response pathways in this species (Brassica napus) have yet to be fully elucidated. A combined analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression to infer Cd-induced regulation has not been reported in B. napus. Results We characterized concurrent changes in miRNA and mRNA profiles in the roots and shoots of B. napus seedlings after 10 days of 10 mg/L Cd2+ treatment. Cd treatment significantly affected the expression of 22 miRNAs belonging to 11 families in the root and 29 miRNAs belonging to 14 miRNA families in the shoot. Five miRNA families (MIR395, MIR397, MIR398, MIR408 and MIR858) and three novel miRNAs were differentially expressed in both tissues. A total of 399 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the root and 389 DEGs in the shoot were identified, with very little overlap between tissue types. Eight anti-regulation miRNA-mRNA interaction pairs in the root and eight in the shoot were identified in response to Cd and were involved in key plant stress response pathways: for example, four genes targeted by miR398 were involved in a pathway for detoxification of superoxide radicals. Cd stress significantly impacted the photosynthetic pathway. Transcription factor activation, antioxidant response pathways and secondary metabolic processes such as glutathione (GSH) and phenylpropanoid metabolism were identified as major components for Cd-induced response in both roots and shoots. Conclusions Combined miRNA and mRNA profiling revealed miRNAs, genes and pathways involved in Cd response which are potentially critical for adaptation to Cd stress in B. napus. Close crosstalk between several Cd-induced miRNAs and mRNAs was identified, shedding light on possible mechanisms for response to Cd stress in underground and aboveground tissues in B. napus. The pathways, genes, and miRNAs identified here will be valuable targets for future improvement of cadmium tolerance in B. napus.

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