scholarly journals Phytochemical Composition and Antibacterial Activities of the Ethyl Acetate Leaf Extract of Ocimum basilicum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Japheth Wambani Rapando ◽  
Mathew Piero Ngugi ◽  
Margaret Muturi ◽  
James Opiyo Ogutu
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Phytochemical Composition

Abstract IntroductionAntibiotic resistance is a serious threat to humankind. There is need for the development of new therapeutic options. Ocimum basilicum has been used traditionally as a medicinal herb against infectious diseases and as a food additive. ObjectiveThis study aimed at evaluating the phytochemical composition and in vitro antibacterial activities of the ethyl acetate leaf extract of Ocimum basilicum. MethodsOcimum basilicum leaves were collected from Mbeere, Embu County, Kenya and ethyl acetate extraction done at Kenyatta University. Phytochemical composition was evaluated by Gas chromatograph mass spectrophotometry while antibacterial activities were evaluated by disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The test microorganisms were methicillin resistant S. aureus, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and E. coli. ResultsThe extract exhibited a broad spectrum antibacterial activity. The gram negative bacteria showed more susceptibility to the organic extract compared to the gram positive bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa had the highest zone of inhibition (27.00 ± 2.00 mm), while the S. aureus isolate had the lowest zone of inhibition (24.00 ± 1.00 mm). Escherichia coli, S. aureus and MRSA species had an MIC of 62.5 mg/ml compared to P. aeruginosa with an MIC of 125mg/ml when exposed to the leaf extract. The antibacterial activity could be attributed to the synergistic effects of phytochemicals such as terpenoids, alkaloids, essential oils, fatty acids, flavonoids and aldehydes that have been known to have antimicrobial properties. A total of 30 phytochemical compounds were eluted from the extract of O. basilicum. Nootkatone, a sesquiterpenoid had the highest concentration at 20.86mg/g. The compound 1,3-Dimethyl-5-isobutylcyclohexane, a fatty acid had the lowest concentration at 0.10mg/g. ConclusionO. basilicum has antibacterial activities on the tested pathogens and can be used to treat infections. Phytochemicals with antibacterial effects in the herb can be used as lead molecules in developing new antibacterial drugs.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) Against Bacterial Oral Pathogen of Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC10556, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212: An in Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisda Damayanti ◽  
Ida Ayu Evaangelina ◽  
Avi Laviana ◽  
Yetty Herdiyati ◽  
Dikdik Kurnia
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Inhibition Zones

Background: Caries and periodontitis are dental diseases caused by bacteria of S. sanguinis, S. mutans, and E. faecalis with three main etiological factors of the host, substrate, and time. Objective: This study proposed to investigate the antibacterial effects of Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) against oral bacteria of E.faecalis, S. mutans, and S. sanguinis. Materials and Methods: The Buah Merah was extracted with different solvents to yield n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and H2O extracts. The concentrations of single and mixture extracts were adjusted for antibacterial assay against bacteria of E. faecalis, S. mutans, and S. sanguinis strains through agar well diffusion assay with chlorhexidine, fosfomycin, and quercetin used as positive controls. Results: The ethyl acetate extract showed highest antibacterial activity against three oral bacterial of E. faecalis, S. mutans, and S. sanguinis with inhibition zones values of 9.3, 12.3, and 17.9 mm at 40%, respectively, together with their MIC and MBC values of 1250 & 2500, 0.312 & 0.625, and 0.312 & 0.625 ppm, respectively. For the formulation of extracts, combinations samples test gave various effects to different bacteria, with the best activity showed by methanol-ethyl acetate (M-Ea) extracts against S. mutans with an inhibition zone of 16.25 mm at 40 ppm. The strong and synergistic effect of methanol extract against S. mutans was supported by inhibition zones of the formulation of methanol extract-fosfomycin which showed an inhibition zone of 25.9 mm at 10 ppm. Conclusion: The extracts of Buah Merah demonstrated antibacterial activity against oral bacteria of E. faecalis, S. mutans, and S. sanguinis and gave important information for further in vivo clinical studies to determine the exact dosages and its effectiveness in practical application. These results prove the antimicrobial effects of Buah Merah extracts as alternative natural drugs with synergistic effects of active constituents.

scholarly journals UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI FRAKSI DARI MASERAT Zibethinus folium TERHADAP Escherichia coli

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Choirul Huda ◽  
Amalia Eka Putri ◽  
Devri Windi Sari
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
One Way Anova

Durian leaf (Zibethinus folium) is part of the plant that has antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of Zibethinusfoliumfraction against Escherichia coliATCC 25922 in vitro. The research method used is experimental. Leaf samples were extracted using maceration method with 70% ethanol and purified by fractionation methods using aqua distilled, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate. Positive controlisclindamycin gel and negative controlis5% DMSO. Statistical analysis was performed with One-Way Anova. Phytochemical screening results show that macerateZibethinus folium contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins and steroids. The test results of antibacterial activity aqua distilled fraction and ethyl acetate fraction of macerateZibethinus foliumshows antibacterial activity against Escherichia coliATCC 25922, while the n-hexane fraction of macerateZibethinus foliumshowed no antibacterial activity against Escherichia coliATCC 25922. aqua distilled fraction of 40% showed a response the most well barriers with zone of inhibition 8.33 ± 0.76 mm, meaning that aqua distilled fraction of 40%  including medium category. 

scholarly journals Antisickling and Antibacterial Activities of Anthocleista schweinfurthii Gilg. (Gentianaceae) from Non-human Primates Pharmacopoeia in Democratic Republic of the Congo

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Samy Ngunde-te-Ngunde ◽  
Emmanuel Moke Lengbiye ◽  
Tshidibi Dipa Joseph ◽  
Kengo Velantia Franck ◽  
Ruphin D. Djolu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
First Time

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the Chemical composition and bioactivity of Anthocleista schweinfurthii Gilg (Gentianaceae) fruits, leaves, root bark and stem bark extracts against Sickle cell disease (SCD) and associated bacteria. The antisickling and antibacterial activities were carried out using Emmel and micro-dilution methods respectively. The results revealed that the fruits, leaves, root bark and stem bark extracts  of A. schweinfurthii contains various secondary metabolites such as the alkaloids, saponins, total polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, anthocyanis, leuco-anthocyanins and quinones.  The ethyl acetate and methanol extracts displayed antisickling activity. While, the antibacterial activity of different plant extracts tested was weak toward tested bacterial strains (CMI ≥125μg/mL). The antibacterial activity can be improved by bio-guided fractionation of the n-hexane, ethyl acetate or methanol soluble fraction. This study provides for the first time a scientific basis for the in vitro antisickling activity of A. schweinfurthii.

scholarly journals Phytochemical and antibacterial screening of different fractions of root part of Ipomea Turpethum

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
Tehmina Sohail ◽  
Sadia Ferheen ◽  
Hina Imran ◽  
Zahra Yaqeen ◽  
Atiq Ur Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Antibacterial Screening

Objective: In folk medicines, different herbs and plants have been used for many thousands of years .Now it is important to investigate these plants and herbs scientifically which have been used in traditional medicines. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity and preliminary phytochemical screening of root of Ipomea turpethum extracted in methanol and its fractions.Methods: The methanol extract was further extracted with three solvents ethyl acetate, chloroform and hexane and analyzed for their antibacterial activity using by agar well diffusion method. They were tested against six bacteria; Echrichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidus, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas auroginosa and Salmonella typhi. The susceptibility of microorganisms to all three fractions was compared with each other and with standard antibotic (Ampicillin). The fractions of Ipomea turpethum was also qualitatively analyzed for the presence of chemical components, i.e. saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and glycosides.Result: Among all fractions methanol exhibited highest antibacterial activity (average zone of inhibition 23.53mm ± 1.3) while ethyl acetate exhibited least antibacterial activity (average zone of inhibition 18.50mm ± 3.5). Minimum inhibitory concentration of methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and hexane fractions was found in the range of 650ug/ml to 2500ugl/ml against microorganisms.Conclusion: Results obtained from this preliminary in-vitro experiment indicate that, all three fractions of Ipomea turpethum has good antibacterial activity against all microorganisms used. By phytochemical analysis of extract, it has been found to contain some nutrient and chemical components which support its ethenomedicinal use but further work is required for development of new antibiotic compounds.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(1) 2018 p.93-97

scholarly journals Intraspecific Variation of Phytochemicals, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of Different Solvent Extracts of Albizia coriaria Leaves from Some Agroecological Zones of Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Timothy Omara ◽  
Ambrose K. Kiprop ◽  
Viola J. Kosgei
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

Albizia coriaria Welw ex. Oliver is a customary African medicinal plant, which has a long history of utilization in the management of oxidative stress-induced and bacterial diseases. However, there is no report on the phytochemicals, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of its leaves. The aim of this study was therefore to compare the phytochemicals, antioxidant, and antibacterial potential of A. coriaria leaves from Jinja, Kole, and Mbarara districts of Uganda. Shade-dried leaf samples were ground into powder and successively extracted with ethyl acetate, ethanol, and distilled water. Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, phenols, saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, and terpenes as the major secondary metabolites in the extracts. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and total in vitro antioxidant activity were found to be the highest for ethanolic extracts, with the highest contents (101.72 ± 0.22 mg GAE/g DW; 13.23 ± 0.03 mg QE/g DW) and antioxidant potential (IC50 = 18.65 ± 0.06 mg/mL) being for leaves from Mbarara district. Antibacterial activity of the extracts determined by agar disc diffusion method revealed that ethanolic extracts had higher antibacterial activities with mean zones of inhibition of 6.00 ± 1.73 to 10.00 ± 1.73 mm, 5.00 ± 1.00 to 12.30 ± 1.53 mm, 17.00 ± 0.00 to 25.00 ± 2.65 mm, and 9.00 ± 1.73 to 16.00 ± 1.73 mm for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi, respectively. Ethyl acetate extracts of A. coriaria leaves from Kole and Mbarara had lower antibacterial activities, while aqueous extracts and ethyl acetate extract of leaves from Jinja showed no antibacterial activity. The current study for the first time established that A. coriaria leaves possess therapeutic phytochemicals with significant in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities, which lend credence to their use in traditional management of oxidative stress-induced conditions and bacterial diseases in Uganda. Structural elucidation of the responsible pure compounds for the observed bioactivities as well as toxicity studies of the extracts is recommended.

scholarly journals A review: antimicrobial properties of several medicinal plants widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Chen ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Xiudan Hou ◽  
Qingli Yang ◽  
Zhaojie Li
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Antibacterial Drugs ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds

Abstract Due to the dramatic increase in the use of antibiotics and growing health threat of bacterial resistance to many commonly used antibiotics, many studies have been directed at developing new and effective antibacterial compounds, among which many new, natural, and effective antibacterial compounds discovered from medicinal plants have drawn great interest and raised new hope for treating the challenges of antibiotic resistance. This review aimed to summarize the most important and widely used medicinal plants that were reported to have antibacterial activities. A general literature search from 2010 to 2020 was conducted using different databases, including Science Direct, Web of Science, and PubMed. According to the literature, three medicinal plants with outstanding antibacterial activities, Taraxacum officinale, Coptis Rhizome, and Scutellaria baicalensis, were screened and reviewed by prioritization. The extraction methods, antibacterial activities of different parts of plants or the plant-derived compounds, spectra of antibacterial activities, and toxicity were described, respectively. However, the antibacterial activities of the extracts or pure compounds as reported in the reviewed literature were mostly based on in vitro assays, and moreover, the deeper antibacterial mechanisms have not been elucidated clearly. Therefore, further studies are required in the fields of purification and identification of the antibacterial compounds, its mechanisms of action, and synergistic effects in combination with other antibacterial drugs, which may be helpful in the development of new antibacterial drugs.

scholarly journals Chemical Profiling and Antimicrobial Properties of Phyto-Active Extracts from Terminalia glaucescens Stem Against Water Microbial Contaminants

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeyemi Ojutalayo Adeeyo ◽  
John Odiyo ◽  
Kehinde Odelade
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Microbial Contaminants

Background: The present study was designed to evaluate the phytochemicals of Terminalia glaucescens stem extracts and test their antimicrobial potency against water microbial contaminants reported to be multidrug resistant. Method: Dry stem powder was extracted with ethanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform. These fractions were then examined for antimicrobial activity by using disc diffusion assay against typical clinical bacteria and fungal isolates which have been reported as water contaminants. The microbial strains were exposed to five different concentrations of extracts: 500 mg/ml, 250 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml. Result: It was observed in this study that increase in the concentration of extracts correlated with microbial growth inhibition. In-vitro phytochemical screening of plant extracts revealed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, terpenoid, steroid and anthraquinones. Ethanolic extract performs better than ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts, as it recorded the highest zone of inhibition of 20.5 mm against Streptococcus pneumoniae while ethyl acetate and chloroform recorded 17.50 mm each against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Bacillus cereus, respectively. Ethanolic extract also showed the highest antifungal activity against Trichoderma sp. and Aspergillus niger. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of active extracts were observed in the increasing order Ethanol>Chloroform≥ethyl acetate with respect to the maximum zone of inhibition. Activity of crude extract from ethanol, when further compared with commercial antibiotics (Gentamicin, Streptomycin and Nystatin), was significantly higher. Conclusion: This plant crude extracts could therefore serve as potential source of new biocides with application in water research and other biotechnological fields.

Phytochemical analysis and in vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial activity of the Chloroform leaf extract of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik (Malvaceae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 4719-4726
Author(s):  
Selvaraj Divya ◽  
Subramanian Arivoli ◽  
Samuel Tennyson
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Medicinal plants are of great significance and global importance as antioxidants and antibacterial agents. In the present investigation the chloroform leaf extract of Abelmoschus manihot was screened for its phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Flavonoids, phenolics, tannins and vitamins were the phytochemical constituents present. GC-MS analysis revealed ten major phytocompounds. In vitro antioxidant assay via DPPH exhibited an IC50 value of 234.7±37.53mg/mL, and its activity could be ascribed due to the presence of the phytocompound α-tocopherol. The antimicrobial activity represented by the zone of inhibition via disc diffusion method, observed no activity against the fungal strains, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli exhibited 12 to 14mm zone of inhibition at concentrations 100-500µg, which can be attributed due to the presence of flavonoids. The above results suggests that antioxidant and antibacterial activity exhibited by the chloroform leaf extract of this plant was attributed to the presence of the phytochemicals, especially phenolics and flavonoids. Further in depth studies on the phytochemical constituents of this chloroform leaf extract is recommended, as this extract could serve as an additional implement to natural antioxidant and antibacterial agents.

Comparative study of the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of two guava (Psidium guajava) fruit varieties cultivated in Andasa Horticulture Site, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Frap Assay ◽  
Guava Fruit

This investigation was carried out to evaluate the levels of phytochemicals and antioxidant potential as well as antibacterial activity of the two varieties of guava (Psidium guajava) fruit collected from Andasa horticulture site, Ethiopia. The antioxidant potential for guava fruit extracts was assessed using different in-vitro antioxidant assays, namely reducing power, Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) assay and aluminum chloride methods. Overall, the white flesh guava fruit exhibited the highest levels of TPC, TFC and reducing power than the pink flesh guava. The mg/100g of AEAC (FRAP assay), AEAC (PMA), GAE and QE of pink and white flesh guava fruits determined in this study were 125.73, 260.28, 262.78, 377.18, 21.25, 24.61, 7.05 and 22.10, respectively. Antibacterial property of the two guava fruit variety extracts was evaluated against three gram-positive and two gram-negative bacteria using agar well diffusion technique. Ethanol extracts from both pink and white flesh guava exhibited antibacterial activity with zone of inhibition ranging from 29.50 to 30.33 and 24.33 to 29.33 mm respectively. On the other hand, only the chloroform extract from pink flesh guava showed poor antibacterial activity against MRSA and Shigella pathogens among the five tested organisms and the zone of inhibition measured was 11 and 10 mm respectively.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Extracts of Coprinopsis Cinerea, A Coprophilous Fungus Against Multidrug Resistant Nosocomial Pathogens

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
J. Savitha ◽  
Mohankumar S
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Coprinopsis Cinerea ◽  
Nosocomial Pathogens ◽  
Time Kill

Our study explored Coprinopsis cinerea (C2), a coprophilous basidiomycetous fungus isolated from horse dung to combat beta-lactamase and carbapenamase producing multidrug resistant nosocomial pathogens in vitro. The isolated strain was cultivated under sub-merged fermentation (SmF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) for 10 days at 30°C and at pH 6 in dark. After the growth period, the extracellular metabolites were extracted using polar and non-polar solvents and the extracts were subjected for antibacterial activity by agar well diffusion, microbroth dilution and time-kill kinetics assay. The methanolic extract of fruit bodies and mycelial biomass of C. cinerea (C2) grown under wheat flour agar and wheat flour broth respectively, showed significant antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and carbapenamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae with a zone of inhibition ranging between 10 and 14 mm in diameter. On the contrary, ethyl acetate seems to be the effective solvent for extraction of antimicrobial compounds from culture filtrate of Smf and SSF grown C. cinerea (C2). Among the solid substrates (agrowaste materials), wheat bran supported maximum growth and antimicrobial metabolite production with a significant zone of inhibition ranging between 20 and 22 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of ethyl acetate extract of C. cinerea (C2) culture filtrate was 3.12-12.5 mg/mL and 6.25-25 mg/mL, respectively. The time-kill kinetics assay showed the extracted metabolites of culture filtrate was bactericidal in nature.

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