scholarly journals Gus Dur’s Ijtihād Paradigm of Contemporary Fiqh in Indonesia

Al-Ahkam ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Moh. Dahlan ◽  
Zakiyuddin Baidlawy ◽  
Sugiono Sugiono

This paper reveals Gus Dur's <em>ijtihād</em> paradigm of contemporary <em>fiqh</em> in Indonesia in answering the problems of life. This study is a type of library research by tracing Gus Dur's works, Gus Dur's thought studies and other related scientific studies. This research uses the approach of Milton K. Munitz's thinking and the frame of mind ‘Abd al-Majīd al-Najjār. This research found that the conservative <em>ijtihād</em> paradigm has led to conservative <em>fiqh</em> which is unable to establish dialectics between <em>fiqh</em> norms and socio-cultural and humanitarian values, which can even lead to radical Islamic movements and acts of terrorism. Therefore, Gus Dur's contemporary jurisprudential <em>ijtihād</em> paradigm is needed to build this dialectic. Theoretically, the Gus Dur <em>ijtihād</em> paradigm has characteristics promoting different socio-cultural and humanitarian values from Islamic reformers. In practical terms, the Gus Dur <em>ijtihād</em> paradigm has made Indonesian socio-cultural values a consideration in understanding and applying contemporary <em>fiqh</em> without changing existing <em>fiqh</em> norms. Gus Dur's contemporary <em>fiqh</em> has also become the basis for maintaining the Pancasila ideology, the 1945 Constitution, the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia and Unity in Diversity.

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Nurhadi Nurhadi ◽  
Zainul Bahri Lubis

This study aims to determine the values of Tauhid Education in the National Education System and the relevance of the National Education System Law No. 20 of 2003 in strengthening the values of Tauhid Education. This research method uses a type of library research or literature study (library research). Using two data sources, namely: 1). The primary data is law No. 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System. 2). Secondary data is literature related to this research. The results of the study were obtained: 1) the values of Tauhid education contained in Chapter II Article 3 read: "National Education aims to develop the potential of students to become human beings who believe and fear God the Almighty". Chapter V Article 12 paragraph 1 point A reads: "Every student in each education unit has the right: get religious education in accordance with the religion he adheres to and is taught by educators who are of the same religion". Chapter X Article 36 paragraph 3 point A reads: "The curriculum is prepared in accordance with the level of education within the framework of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia by taking into account: Increased faith and piety". 2) Relevance of the Law on National Education System No. 20 of 2003 in strengthening the values of Tauhid education that the main purpose is: "Faithful and devoted to the Almighty God". Then the right of the first student is to get religious education in accordance with a religion that is followed and taught by religious educators. And the curriculum is arranged in accordance with the level of education within the framework of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia with the first increase, namely faith and piety.


2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Hastangka Hastangka ◽  
Armaidy Armawi ◽  
Kaelan Kaelan

AbstractThe term Four Pillar became a public debate. The main problem is the use of the Four Pillars term consisting of Pancasila, the 1945 Constitution, NKRI, and Bhinneka Tunggal Ika has raised questions from the community. This research is a qualitative research that examines the existing norms and legislation through the normative laws approach. The purpose of this research is to analyze the normative laws and the impact of the Constitutional Court’s decision on the use of the Four Pillars term. The Constitutional Court’s decision is in accordance with the logic of legal language and the prevailing rules related to the concept and the nature of Pancasila, the 1945 Constitution, the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, and Unity in Diversity can not be categorized into one of the same variants is true. In this case the MPR RI has made a mistake in the language logic using the term 4 Pilar MPR RI. IntisariIstilah Empat Pilar menjadi perdebatan publik. Pokok persoalannya yaitu penggunaan istilah Empat Pilar yang terdiri atas Pancasila, UUD 1945, NKRI, dan Bhinneka Tunggal Ika telah menimbulkan pertanyaan dari masyarakat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang mengkaji norma dan peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada melalui pendekatan penelitian hukum normatif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis dasar normatif dampak putusan MK terhadap penggunaan istilah Empat Pilar. Putusan MK telah sesuai dengan kaidah logika bahasa hukum dan kaidah yang berlaku terkait dengan konsep dan hakikat Pancasila, UUD 1945, NKRI, dan Bhinneka Tunggal Ika tidak dapat dikategorikan menjadi satu varian yang sama. Dalam hal ini MPR RI telah melakukan kesalahan logika bahasa dalam menggunakan istilah 4 Pilar MPR RI.


2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Hastangka Hastangka ◽  
Armaidy Armawi ◽  
Kaelan Kaelan

The use of the term “Four Pillars” by the People’s Consultative Assembly of the Republic of Indonesia (MPR RI) since the end of 2009 has generated numerous debates in Indonesian political life. The term of Four Pillars that consists of Pancasila, the 1945 Constitution, NKRI (Unitary State of the Republik of Indonesia), and Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (Unity in Diversity) is affected by the essence, meaning, and understanding of the four in their original meanings. This research aims to examine and analysis on the philosophical problem of Four Pillars terms in the context of philosophy of language especially in the context of contestation of meaning and the essence of Four Pillars term in public discourse and debate. The research was conducted in 2014 to 2018 through literature studies in Yogyakarta. The research fnds that the term of “four pillars” since it was produced by political elites through the public education program has degraded and legitimized the meaning of Pancasila, the 1945 Constitution, NKRI (Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia), and Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (Unity in Diversity). Philosophically, the use of term of four pillars for public education to introduce national insight conducted by the People’s Consultative Assembly of the Republic of Indonesia has distorting of meaning and displacing of meaning of Pancasila, the 1945 Constitution, NKRI, and Bhinneka Tunggal Ika. The term of “four pillars” is also not yet known in this history or by the public.


2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Siti Kholifah

This study’s primary focus is to examine the discourse of the NKRI (Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia) and that of the caliphate that has been developing on social media. It involves essential issues because Indonesia’s state and religion have had a dynamic relationship since the New Order era. The debatable issue related to the state and religion shows that religion is a crucial subject used to maintain the state. As a state, Indonesia emphasizes multicultural values; however, some people or organizations have an intolerance of Indonesia’s plurality promoted on social media. Using Foucault’s theory on discourse, power, and knowledge, this study was conducted by applying big data to Social Network Analysis (SNA) through the netlytic program. Big data is a new method developed to analyze the social phenomena that happen in the digital era. This study examines the assumption that the discourse of the NKRI is not a single discourse in the Indonesian context. It is in addition to the caliphate’s discourse, although the NKRI is still the dominant discourse. The debatable issue within the discourse of the NKRI and the caliphate is related to dynamic religious organizations that are not based on cultural values. They tend to be either puritan (seeking to purify the doctrine) or radical. This situation is also related to the political context where the caliphate’s discourse is developing related to Jakarta’s local election. There is also the issue of the religious defamation conducted by Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (Ahok). This situation explains the increase in Islamic political roles that are not affected by the sociological context. The roles are more impacted by political elites who are using religion as a political vehicle.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Rudi Santoso ◽  
Agus Hermanto

The many threats of radicalization in the middle of society, the demonstration actions that often ask for the application of certain ideologies within the state of Indonesia, the conflict between ethnic, religious, racial and custom makes the tranquility of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika society to be threatened and the erosion of values Pancasila among the younger generation that endanger the survival of the Indonesian nation.The problem of this research is how the Political Law of the State in the concept and context of Pancasila and Diversity in defending the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia and How the Strength of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia Based on Pancasila and Unity in Diversity and How Radicalism and Threat Against the Unity of the Unitary Republic State Indonesia.This research uses normative juridical approach method, then data collection procedure is done by literature study, data processing procedure is done by data classification, data inventory, systematization of data, and data analysis is done by qualitative method.The result of the research, the politics of constitutional law in the concept and context of Pancasila and Diversity in defending the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia in accordance with the nationalist ideology set forth in the 1945 Constitution, the power of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia based on Pancasila and Diversity is based on the strength of local wisdom from all elements of the nation Indonesia, radicalism and threats to the unity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia through the strengthening of national insight among the younger generation and the people and leaders of the nation and state apparatus.Suggestion in this research, expected to government can reinforce study of nationality and education of Pancasila and Diversity, to Indonesian society.


2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Suyono Suyatno

Sejak diproklamasikan, format nasionalisme Republik Indonesia adalah mozaik keberagaman yang multikultural dan pluralistik yang menampung berbagai perbedaan budaya, etnis, agama, dan ideologi. Karena itu, prinsip bernegara yang kita kenal adalah bhineka tunggal ika, ‘berbeda-beda namun satu’. Sejalan dengan perkembangan zaman, banyak hal mengalami perubahan, termasuk nilai-nilai sosiokultural, persepsi politis ideologis, dan sebagainya. Di sisi lain, warisan kultural dari nenek moyang berupa nilai dan akar tradisi, termasuk kearifan lokal, mengalami pelunturan dan penggerusan. Penulis ini akan mencoba membahas bagaimana posisi kearifan lokal di tengah perubahan yang berlangsung secara eksternal dan internal. Mengacu pada kondisi Indonesia saat ini, dapat dikatakan ada dua faktor yang memengaruhi perubahan nilai sosiokultural, yakni faktor eksternal dan internal yang (mungkin) bergerak secara simultan. Faktor eksternal, antara lain, dipengaruhi oleh globalisasi, deideologisasi politik di tingkat global, perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi, neokapitalisme dan neoliberalisme yang makin memacu gaya hidup pragmatis, konsumtif, dan individual. Faktor internal dipengaruhi melunturnya nilai-nilai tradisi dan nilai- nilai lokal (termasuk di dalamnya kearifan lokal) yang mungkin juga terjadi karena faktor eksternal. Karena diasumsikan telah terjadi pelunturan nilai-nilai tradisi, penulis juga akan mencoba melihat upaya apa saja yang bisa dilakukan untuk merevitalisasi kearifan lokal di tengah globalisasi dan perubahan nilai sosiokultural sehingga kearifan lokal tetap menjadi identitas bangsa sekaligus memberikan kontribusi dalam membangun Indonesia yang multikultural dan pluralistik sekaligus madani. Revitalisasi kearifan lokal juga diharapkan mampu merespons dan memberikan solusi atas tantangan dan problematika Indonesia kini, seperti bagaimana mengatasi korupsi, kemiskinan, dan perusakan ekosistem alam.Abstract:Since the proclamation, the nationalism format of the Republic of Indonesia is multicultural and plural diversity mosaic accommodating many different cultures, ethnicities, religions, and ideologies. Therefore, the principle of nationhood as we know it is bhineka tunggal ika, unity in diversity. In line with the times, many things have changed, including socio-cultural values, ideological perceptions of politicians, and so on. On the other hand, the cultural heritage of the ancestors of is the values    root and traditions, including local wisdom experiencing discoloration. This writer will try to discuss how the position of local wisdom in the midst of change that take place in external and internal. Referring to Indonesia’s current condition, it can be said that there are two factors  influencing the change in socio-cultural values, namely, the external and internal factors that (perhaps) move simultaneously. External factors are, among others, influenced by globalization, political ideolo- gies at the global level, the development of information and communication technology, neo-capitalism and neo-liberalism spurring more pragmatic lifestyle, consumptive, and individuals. Internal factors, on the other hands, are influenced the fade of values tradition and local values (including local wisdom) that may also occur due to external factors. Because it is assumed that there has been  discoloration of tradition values, the writer will also try to find out  what kind of effort can be done for revitalizing local wisdom, in the midst of globalization and  changes in the socio cultural values. Hence, the local wisdom continues to be a nation’s identity as well as to give contribution in building a multicultural, pluralistic, and civi- lized Indonesia. Revitalization of local wisdom is also expected to respond and provide solutions to the challenges and problems of Indonesia today, that is, how to overcome corruption, poverty, and destruction of naturalecosystems.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
Fatia Inast Tsuroya

Gerakan radikalisme antimultikultural telah memberikan dampak yang dapat membahayakan proses kerukunan berbangsa dan bernegara serta mengancam keutuhan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Pergerakanannya yang semakin massif melalui gerakan massa, lembaga masyarakat sampai lembaga berbalut keagamaan hal ini menunjukkan betapa pemahaman agama sebagian masyarakat masih sangat rentan untuk disusupi dengan paham-paham radikal yang disampaikan oleh mereka melalui ruang publik, seperti sekolah, pesantren atau bahkan di perguruan tinggi. Pesantren merupakan salah satu lembaga tertua pemelihara tradisi intelektual keagamaan di Indonesia yang telah berproses sejarah panjang dan telah banyak memberikan kontribusi terhadap warisan keberagaman dan kebudayaan warga negara Indonesia. Maka dari itu perlu menelaah pandangan seorang tokoh kelahiran Rembang yang besar dari pesantren yaitu KH. Bisri Musthofa adapun tentang pendidikan multikultural berbasis pesantren dalam sudut pandang tafsir al-Ibriz karya KH. Bisri Musthofa dalam QS. Al-Hujurat ayat 11-13. Penelitian ini berbasis library research. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terdapat tiga poin penting pertama, janganlah suatu kaum mengolok-olokkan kaum yang lain (karena) boleh jadi mereka (yang diolok-olokkan) lebih dari mereka (yang mengolok-olokkan). Kedua, Jauhilah kebanyakan dari prasangka, sesungguhnya sebagian prasangka itu adalah dosa dan janganlah kamu mencari-cari kesalahan orang lain. Ketiga, allah menjadikan kita dari seorang laki-laki dan seorang perempuan dan menjadikan kami berbangsa-bangsa, bersuku-suku supaya saling kenal-mengenal. Kata Kunci: multikultural, pesantren, Tafsir Al Ibriz, al-Hujurat 11-13 The antimulticultural radicalism movement had an impact which could endanger the process of national and state harmony and threaten the integrity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. The increasingly massive movement through mass movements, community institutions to religiously wrapped institutions shows that religious understanding of some people is still very vulnerable to be infiltrated by radical notions conveyed by them through public spaces, such as schools, pesantren or even in universities. Pesantren is one of the institutions that maintain religious intellectual traditions in Indonesia, which has a long history and has contributed to the diversity and cultural heritage of Indonesian citizens. Therefore it is necessary to examine the views of a great figure born in Rembang from a pesantren, namely KH. Bisri Musthofa as for the pesantren-based multicultural education in the perspective of the interpretation of al-Ibriz by KH. Bisri Musthofa QS. Al-Hujurat verses 11-13. This research is based on library research. Based on the results of this study there are three important points first, let not a people make fun of other people (because) they may (those who are mocked) more than them more than they (who make fun). Second, stay away from most prejudices, in fact some of the prejudices are sinful and do not find fault with others. Third, Allah made us from a man and a woman and made us as a nation, tribal so we know each other.  


2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-110
Author(s):  
Hastangka Hastangka ◽  
Armaidy Armawi ◽  
Kaelan Kaelan

Penggunaan istilah empat pilar kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara untuk program sosialisasi telah menimbulkan polemik dan perdebatan di masyarakat. Empat pilar tersebut meliputi Pancasila, UUD 1945, NKRI, dan Bhinneka Tunggal Ika yang dirumuskan oleh MPR RI. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan dampak sosialisasi Empat Pilar tersebut terhadap pendidikan Pancasila di perguruan tinggi. Data penelitian diambil dari buku, jurnal ilmiah, artikel surat kabar, dan berita di media online ataupun offline, dan dokumen yuridis, seperti peraturan perundang-undangan. Analisis data menggunakan pendekatan interpretatif, induksi-analitis, semiotik, dan analisis wacana. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) sosialisasi empat pilar berdampak pada ambiguitas pemaknaan dan pemahaman baik dari peserta didik maupun dosen dalam pembelajaran Pancasila sebagai dasar atau pilar kehidupan bernegara dan berbangsa, dan (2) penggunaan istilah empat pilar telah mengacaukan pemahaman dan pengetahuan para peserta didik dalam memahami Pancasila.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The application of the term “Four Pillars of Life of the People and the Nation” in socialization creates polemic and debate in society. Those four pillars are Pancasila, the 1945 Constitution, the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, and Unity in Diversity, which formulated by the People's Consultative Assembly of the Republic of Indonesia. The objective of this research is to investigate the impact that socialization has on the education of Pancasila in a higher level of education. The research data obtained from books, scientific journals, newspaper articles, other online and offline sources, and legal documents, for instance, legislation. Interpretative, analytic-induction, semiotic, and disclosure approaches applied to the analysis. The result shows that the socialization has immense impacts on 1). The ambiguity toward the meaning and the understanding by both students and lecturers in learning Pancasila as the pillar of the life of the people and the nation, and 2).  The use of the term “four pillars” has disrupted the understanding and the knowledge of students in their comprehension toward Pancasila.


LITERA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hastangka Hastangka ◽  
Armaidy Armawi ◽  
Kaelan Kaelan

AbstrakPenggunaan istilah “Empat Pilar Berbangsa dan Bernegara” sebagai program sosialisasi MPR RI telah menimbulkan perdebatan. Istilah yang digunakan sejak tahun 2009 ini memberi dampak pada aspek linguistik di antaranya aspek sosiolinguistik, semantik, pragmatik, dan semiotika bahasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan persoalan semiotik penggunaan istilah Empat Pilar Berbangsa dan Bernegara oleh MPR RI, yakni Pancasila, UUD 1945, NKRI, dan Bhinneka Tunggal Ika. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa frasa Empat Pilar Berbangsa dan Bernegara. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan inventarisasi data, kategorisasi data, dan klarifikasi data. Metode untuk menganalisa penelitian ini memakai analisis semiotika. Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut. Pertama, istilah “Empat Pilar Berbangsa dan Bernegara” merupakan preposisi unik dan tidak lazim dalam konteks sosiolinguistik masyarakat Indonesia. Kedua, istilah Empat Pilar Berbangsa dan Bernegara yang mengkategorikan Pancasila, UUD 1945, NKRI, dan Bhinneka Tunggal Ika merupakan bentuk kesalahan semantik dan pragmatik. Ketiga, secara aturan penulisan simbol dan tanda, istilah tersebut bertentangan dengan hakikat kedudukan dan fungsi dari Pancasila, UUD 1945, NKRI, dan Bhinneka Tunggal Ika karena dijadikan sebagai satu varian yang sama, yaitu pilar. Keempat, penggunaan istilah Empat Pilar Berbangsa dan Bernegara telah mengacaukan sistem tanda dan simbol, terutama pada makna semiotis Pancasila, UUD 1945, NKRI, dan Bhinneka Tunggal Ika. Kata Kunci: Bahasa, Empat Pilar, Semiotik, Simbol.    PEIRCE SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS IN THE USE OF THE FOUR PILLAR OF LANGUAGE NATION AND STATE OF MPR RI Abstract The application of the term “Four Pillars of the Nation and of the State” as the socialization program of MPR RI evokes debates. This term, which has been used since 2009, gives a significant  impact in many aspects of linguistics, especially in the aspect of sosiolinguistic, semantic, pragmatic, and semiotics of language. This research aims to describe and analyze the problem of semiotics in the use of the Four Pillars of the Nation and of the State by the People's Consultative Assembly of the Republic of Indonesia. The “Four Pillars” referred to by the People's Consultative Assembly consist of Pancasila, 1945 Constitution, the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, and Unity in Diversity. The research data is from the phrase “Four Pillars of the Nation and of the State” which is collected by using the data inventory, data categorization, and data clarification. Method of analyzing the data in this research is using semiotic analysis. Result: The results of this study indicate that: first, the term “Four Pillars of the Nation and of the State” is a unique and unusual preposition in the sociolinguistics context of Indonesian society. Second, this term which categorizes Pancasila, the 1945 Constitution, the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, and Unity in Diversity becomes a  mistake of the language terminology. It is because they are on the contrary to the semantic and pragmatic aspects. Third, based on the rules of writing the symbols and the sign, the Four Pillars of the Nation and of the State does contradict the position and function Pancasila, the 1945 Constitution, the Unitary State of the Republik of Indonesia, and Unity in Diversity originally have, as one exact same variant. Fourth, based on the semiotic aspects, the use of the Four Pillars of the Nation and of the State has disrupted the system of signs and symbols, especially the semiotic meaning of Pancasila, the 1945 Constitution, the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, and Unity in Diversity. Keywords: language, four pillars, semiotics, symbol.


2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-270
Author(s):  
Nurul Huda

The communities of Islamic boarding schools as institutions that are born from the basis and doctrine of Islam are meticulously and courageously successful in dialectics with the facts of life. In the colonial era, the communities of Islamic boarding schools did not only fight because of the reasons which the colonialism exploited and treated the people in a non-human way, but also more than the religious doctrine was the most basic foundation so that resistance occurred continuously. The communities of Islamic boarding school is also able to provide a theological solution to critical issues related to the basic foundation of nation and state, such as the basic state debate in the Jakarta charter, and the single principle of Pancasila. As the result, the communities of Islamic boarding schools have made a final decision known the Unitary State of the Republic of  Indonesia (NKRI), Bhinneka Tunggal Eka (unity in diversity), Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution is the final and complete for Indonesian nation.


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