scholarly journals Impacts of climate and vegetation on actual evapotranspiration in typical arid mountainous regions using a Budyko-Based framework

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanhui Yu ◽  
Yuyan Zhou ◽  
Weihua Xiao ◽  
Benqing Ruan ◽  
Fan Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factor ◽  
Actual Evapotranspiration ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Production Improvement ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Reservoir Watershed ◽  
Seasonal Index

Abstract It is important to understand how actual evapotranspiration (ETa) changes and what the dominant contributing factors are. This study investigated the impacts of climatic factor and vegetation coverage on the variations of ETa using a Budyko-based framework. Climatic seasonal index and vegetation coverage index were selected as indicating factors. Two reservoir watersheds, i.e. the Wangkuai Reservoir Watershed and the Xidayang Reservoir Watershed, of the Daqing River Basin were selected as case studies. Also, relationships between the ETa and climatic and vegetation factors were analyzed. Results showed that the improved vegetation conditions positively contributed to the ETa changes, leading to an increase of 42.15 and 58.56 mm of ETa in the two watersheds, while the increasing climate seasonality had a negative effect, resulting in a drop of 11.48 and 13.47 mm of ETa. Vegetation coverage was recognized as the dominant factor to the changes of ETa, compared to the climatic factor. Our research could offer supporting information for water resources management, agricultural production improvement and eco-environment construction in arid regions.

scholarly journals To Dine, or Not to Dine on a Cruise Ship in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Tripartite Approach towards an Understanding of Behavioral Intentions among Female Passengers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2516
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Radic ◽  
Michael Lück ◽  
Amr Al-Ansi ◽  
Bee-Lia Chua ◽  
Sabrina Seeler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Cruise Ship ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dining Services ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Cruise Line

Given that cruise line companies are rushing to restart their operations with modified dining services, the aim of this research is to establish a conceptual framework that precisely outlines female passengers’ behavioral intentions towards dining on cruise ships in the time of the COVID-19 crisis. It does so by extending the theory of reasoned action (TRA) by including the social servicescape of the cruise ship dining experiencescape (stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) paradigm) and perceived health risk from COVID-19 (the prospect theory). The developed theoretical framework based on this tripartite approach has predictive power for intentions. Its effectiveness and comprehensiveness are also demonstrated. Despite the positive effect of the social servicescape on attitude and emotions and the positive attitude of female cruise travelers, the negative effect of the perceived health risk from COVID-19 appears to be the dominant factor that ultimately discourages the behavioral intentions of female cruise passengers towards dining on a cruise ship in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. The present research provides a crucial guiding framework that helps cruise academics and operators to maximize existing and potential passengers’ favorable decisions and behaviors for cruise ship dining.

scholarly journals Overland Flow Resistance Law under Sparse Stem Vegetation Coverage

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1657
Author(s):  
Jingzhou Zhang ◽  
Shengtang Zhang ◽  
Si Chen ◽  
Ming Liu ◽  
Xuefeng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Roughness Coefficient ◽  
Hydraulic Parameters ◽  
Slope Condition ◽  
Manning Roughness ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Manning Roughness Coefficient

To explore the characteristics of overland flow resistance under the condition of sparse vegetative stem coverage and improve the basic theoretical research of overland flow, the resistance characteristics of overland flow were systematically investigated under four slope gradients (S), seven flow discharges (Q), and six degrees of vegetation coverage (Cr). The results show that the Manning roughness coefficient (n) changes with the ratio of water depth to vegetation height (h/hv) while the Reynolds number (Re), Froude number (Fr), and slope (S) are closely related to vegetation coverage. Meanwhile, h/hv, Re, and Cr have strong positive correlations with n, while Fr and S have strong negative correlations with n. Through data regression analysis, a power function relationship between n and hydraulic parameters was observed and sensitivity analysis was performed. It was concluded that the relationship between n and h/hv, Re, Cr, Q, and S shows the same law; in particular, for sparse stem vegetation coverage, Cr is the dominant factor affecting overland flow resistance under zero slope condition, while Cr is no longer the first dominant factor affecting overland flow resistance under non-zero slope condition. In the relationship between n and Fr, Cr has the least effect on overland flow resistance. This indicates that when Manning roughness coefficient is correlated with different hydraulic parameters, the same vegetation coverage has different effects on overland flow resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to study overland flow resistance under the condition of sparse stalk vegetation coverage.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Performance of CFSR Reanalysis Data Set for Estimating Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
AHMET IRVEM ◽  
Mustafa OZBULDU
Keyword(s):  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Actual Evapotranspiration ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Reanalysis Dataset ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Climate Forecast System Reanalysis ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Weather Stations

Abstract Evapotranspiration is an important parameter for hydrological, meteorological and agricultural studies. However, the calculation of actual evapotranspiration is very challenging and costly. Therefore, Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) is typically calculated using meteorological data to calculate actual evapotranspiration. However, it is very difficult to get complete and accurate data from meteorology stations in, rural and mountainous regions. This study examined the availability of the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) reanalysis data set as an alternative to meteorological observation stations in the computation of potential annual and seasonal evapotranspiration. The PET calculations using the CFSR reanalysis dataset for the period 1987-2017 were compared to data observed at 259 weather stations observed in Turkey. As a result of the assessments, it was determined that the seasons in which the CFSR reanalysis data set had the best prediction performance were the winter (C'= 0.76 and PBias = -3.77) and the autumn (C' = 0.75 and PBias = -12.10). The worst performance was observed for the summer season. The performance of the annual prediction was determined as C'= 0.60 and PBias = -15.27. These findings indicate that the results of the PET calculation using the CFSR reanalysis data set are relatively successful for the study area. However, the data should be evaluated with observation data before being used especially in the summer models.

scholarly journals Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Dysregulation in Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Denver D. Brown ◽  
Andrew Dauber
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Pediatric Ckd

Poor growth is a common finding in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) that has been associated with poor long-term outcomes. The etiology of poor growth in this population is multifactorial and includes dysregulation of the growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis. In this review, we describe the data on GH resistance or insensitivity and inappropriate levels or reduced bioactivity of IGF proposed as contributing factors of growth impairment in children with CKD. Additionally, we describe the theorized negative effect of metabolic acidosis, another frequent finding in pediatric CKD, on the GH/IGF axis and growth. Last, we present the current and potential therapies for the treatment of short stature in pediatric CKD that target the GH/IGF hormonal axis.

scholarly journals Tracking the Autumn Migration of the Bar-Headed Goose (Anser indicus) with Satellite Telemetry and Relationship to Environmental Conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaonan Zhang ◽  
Meiyu Hao ◽  
John Y. Takekawa ◽  
Fumin Lei ◽  
Baoping Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Autumn Migration ◽  
Qinghai Lake ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Stopover Sites

The autumn migration routes of bar-headed geese captured before the 2008 breeding season at Qinghai Lake, China, were documented using satellite tracking data. To assess how the migration strategies of bar-headed geese are influenced by environmental conditions, the relationship between migratory routes, temperatures, and vegetation coverage at stopovers sites estimated with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were analyzed. Our results showed that there were four typical migration routes in autumn with variation in timing among individuals in start and end times and in total migration and stopover duration. The observed variation may be related to habitat type and other environmental conditions along the routes. On average, these birds traveled about 1300 to 1500 km, refueled at three to six stopover sites and migrated for 73 to 83 days. The majority of the habitat types at stopover sites were lake, marsh, and shoal wetlands, with use of some mountainous regions, and farmland areas.

scholarly journals Detecting climate variability impacts on reference and actual evapotranspiration in the Taohe River Basin, NW China

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 596-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linshan Yang ◽  
Qi Feng ◽  
Changbin Li ◽  
Jianhua Si ◽  
Xiaohu Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Actual Evapotranspiration ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Plateau Area ◽  
Sensitive Factor ◽  
Quantitative Contributions ◽  
Agriculture Water

Analysis of the impacts of climate variability on evapotranspiration (ET) is of great importance in understanding climate variability and its effect on hydrological aspects. In this study, temporal and spatial variations in reference evapotranspiration (ET0) and actual evapotranspiration (AET) were comprehensively detected in the Taohe River Basin from 1981 to 2010. The spatial distributions of annual sensitivity of ET0 and AET to climatic variables were investigated. The quantitative contributions, the possible causes and dominant controlling factors were analyzed. The results suggested the following. (1) Considerable changes in ET0 occurred due to climate variability in the Gannan Plateau area (GPA) and Loess Plateau area (LPA) by 3.54 mm/yr and 3.39 mm/yr from 1981 to 2010, respectively. (2) Net solar radiation was the most sensitive factor on ET0. The dominant factor was air temperature leading to increase in ET0 due to high sensitive coefficient to ET0 and also exhibited significant increasing magnitude. (3) Precipitation (PPT) was the most sensitive factor for AET. AET in the GPA is controlled by air temperature and in LPA is controlled by PPT. This study provides a beneficial reference to agriculture, water resource and eco-environment management strategies in this region for associated policymakers and stakeholders.

scholarly journals PELANGGARAN MELAWAN ARAH ARUS LALU LINTAS PADA REMAJA PENGENDARA SEPEDA MOTOR DI DAERAH KHUSUS IBUKOTA JAKARTA:ANALISIS DISONANSI KOGNITIF

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Albertus Wahyurudhanto ◽  
Ilham Prisgunanto
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
School Students ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Traffic Rules ◽  
Special Region

One effort to prevent traffic accidents is to look at the character of road users in the tendency to interpret traffic rules. This study aims to see the influence between experience, decision making and self-justification of the attitude of violation against the flow of traffic in adolescents of high school students in the Capital Special Region of Jakarta. This study used a theoretical study of cognitive dissonance. The conclusion obtained is that the dominant factor in cognitive dissonance is more on the element of behavior change, self experience and the attitude of the decision to commit a violation against the flow of traffic. In contrast to the cognitive dissonance of trust and self-justification, it has a negative effect on the contribution of violating behavior to adolescents in driving. Recommendations that can be used as references by Traffic Police in changing violation behavior against traffic flow in adolescents, by using intimate central parties with them, such as close friends, parents and teachers in their daily interactions. Salah satu upaya pencegahan kecelakaan lalu lintas adalah dengan melihat karakter pengguna jalan dalam kecenderungan memaknai peraturan lalu lintas. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat pengaruh antara pengalaman, keputusan melakukan, dan pembenaran diri terhadap sikap melanggar melawan arus lalu lintas pada remaja pelajar SMA di Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan kajian teoritik disonansi kognitif. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah bahwa faktor dominan pada dissonansi kognitif lebih pada unsur perubahan perilaku, pengalaman diri, dan sikap keputusan melakukan pelanggaran melawan arus lalu lintas. Berbeda dengan itu, pada dissonansi kognitif kepercayaan dan pembenaran diri justru berpengaruh terbalik atau negatif dalam kontribusi dengan perilaku pelanggaran pada remaja dalam berkendara. Rekomendasi yang dapat dijadikan referensi oleh Polisi Lalulintas dalam mengubah perilaku pelanggaran melawan arus lalu lintas pada remaja, dengan menggunakan pihak-pihak sentral yang intim dengan mereka, seperti kawan akrab, orang tua, dan guru dalam interaksi mereka sehari-hari.

scholarly journals Recent responses of grassland net primary productivity to climatic and anthropogenic factors in Kyrgyzstan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanwen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Grassland Degradation ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns

Net primary productivity (NPP) is an essential indicator of ecosystem function and sustainability and plays a vital role in the carbon cycle, especially in arid and semi-arid grassland ecosystems. Quantifying trends in NPP and identifying the contributing factors are important for understanding the relative impacts of climate change and human activities on grassland degradation. We quantified spatial and temporal patterns in potential NPP (NPPP) and actual NPP (NPPA) in Kyrgyzstan from 2000 to 2014 based on the Zhou Guangsheng model and MOD17A3 NPP data, respectively. By calculating the difference between NPPP and NPPA, we inferred human-induced NPP (NPPH) and thereby characterised changes in grassland NPP attributable to anthropogenic activities. We found that over the past two decades, both climatic variation and anthropogenic activities have significantly affected Kyrgyzstan’s grasslands. Grassland NPP decreased overall but patterns varied between provinces. Climate change, in particular changes in precipitation was the dominant factor driving grassland degradation in the north but human pressures also contributed. In the south however, human activities were associated with extensive areas of grassland recovery. The results provide important contextual understanding for supporting policy for grassland maintenance and restoration under climate change and intensifying human pressures.

scholarly journals Questionnaire Development and Identification of Factors Contributing to Non-Prescription Antibiotic Selling Behavior in Surabaya Community Setting

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Dewi Paskalia Andi Djawaria ◽  
Adji Prayitno Setiadi ◽  
Eko Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Questionnaire Development ◽  
Community Setting ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Final Questionnaire

The selling practice of antibiotics without prescription is one of serious problems in the global health sector, especially in the developing countries. Nevertheless, the significant driver of such pratices had never been identified yet. The aim of this study was to identify the contributing factors of the selling practice of antibiotics without prescription in the drug stores (apotek). The identification was conducted using a new developed questionnaire. The contributing factors of such practices, found in the literature, were used to develop the questionnaire. The face and content validity were conducted using expert opinion, while the construct validity was conducted using the Spearman correlation test. The reliability of the questionnaire was identified using Cronbach’s Alpha test. The dominant factors of the selling practice of antibiotics without prescription was identified by using descriptive analysis and the factor analysis methods. The final questionnaire consisted of 40 questions and the value of the Cronbach’s Alpha and the calculated R were 0.955 and 0.368-0.867, consecutively. There were 91 workers of apotek in Surabaya who were involved in the contributing factors identification process. Findings of the factor analysis emphasized that the most dominant factor was the attitude of workers that allowed the selling practice of antibiotics without prescription (28.3%). The financial issue was found as the second most dominant factors causing the selling practice of antibiotics without prescription (8.66%). Owing to these identified factors, there is a need to make a regulation with a strict punishment in order to prevent the habit of selling and purchasing the antibiotics without prescription in the apotek in Surabaya.

scholarly journals Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Penderita Hipertensi Tentang Penyakit Hipertensi Dengan Kepatuhan Regimen Terapeutik Di Kelurahan Lirboyo Rw 03 Dan 08 Kota Kediri

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Puguh Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Therapeutic Regimen ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Improve Compliance ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Almost All

In the prevention of complications of hypertension motivated by three factors: predisposing factors include knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, values, family traditions, contributing factors include the availability of source facilities, predisposing factors include attitudes, behaviors of health workers, family and friends. Knowledge or cognition is the dominant factor is very important to person's behavior to obey  with the therapeutic regimen. Methods: This study design using analytical observation, while the population in this study are patients with hypertension who are in the Urban Village Lirboyo RW 03 and 08 of Kediri. Sample studies using total sampling, which amounted to 21 respondents. Questionnaires given to obtain in-depth information about the level of knowledge and compliance in hypertensive patients undergoing therapeutic regimen. Results, level of knowledge about hypertension hypertensive patients almost all respondents (71%) good knowledge, compliance majority of respondents (76%) adherence to the therapeutic regimen, a small portion of respondents (24%) are less adherent to the therapeutic regimen. Results of the few respondents knowledgeable enough (29%). Therapeutic regimen research necessary to increase knowledge and necessary also social support, resources, attitudes, behaviors, and motivations of people with hypertension to improve compliance in implementing the therapeutic regimen.; Keywords: Knowledge Level, compliance

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