Application of COD fractionation by a new combined technique: comparison of various wastewaters and sources of variability

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Spérandio ◽  
V. Urbain ◽  
P. Ginestet ◽  
M. J. Audic ◽  
E. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Anaerobic Storage ◽  
Technique Comparison ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Combined Technique

A new respirometric method for COD fractionation was applied to various wastewaters collected on French treatment plants. Great variations were observed especially in the readily biodegradable fraction (RBCOD) ranging from 1 to 16% of total COD. Variability of the results among the origin can be explained by the reactions occurring in the sewers. In one of the towns studied, the wastewater samples collected directly in the sewer show COD characteristics very different from the sewage which reaches the treatment plant. By analysing the same wastewater after aerobic and anaerobic storage, it was proved that RBCOD respectively decreased or increased significantly. Seasonal fluctuations were also quantified, showing that RBCOD fraction decreased from 75 mg/L to –15 mg/L during the summer whereas the variation of soluble fraction was less important.

scholarly journals Assessment of Microplastics in a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant with Tertiary Treatment: Removal Efficiencies and Loading per Day into the Environment

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1339
Author(s):  
Javier Bayo ◽  
Sonia Olmos ◽  
Joaquín López-Castellanos
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
Wastewater Samples

This study investigates the removal of microplastics from wastewater in an urban wastewater treatment plant located in Southeast Spain, including an oxidation ditch, rapid sand filtration, and ultraviolet disinfection. A total of 146.73 L of wastewater samples from influent and effluent were processed, following a density separation methodology, visual classification under a stereomicroscope, and FTIR analysis for polymer identification. Microplastics proved to be 72.41% of total microparticles collected, with a global removal rate of 64.26% after the tertiary treatment and within the average retention for European WWTPs. Three different shapes were identified: i.e., microfiber (79.65%), film (11.26%), and fragment (9.09%), without the identification of microbeads despite the proximity to a plastic compounding factory. Fibers were less efficiently removed (56.16%) than particulate microplastics (90.03%), suggesting that tertiary treatments clearly discriminate between forms, and reporting a daily emission of 1.6 × 107 microplastics to the environment. Year variability in microplastic burden was cushioned at the effluent, reporting a stable performance of the sewage plant. Eight different polymer families were identified, LDPE film being the most abundant form, with 10 different colors and sizes mainly between 1–2 mm. Future efforts should be dedicated to source control, plastic waste management, improvement of legislation, and specific microplastic-targeted treatment units, especially for microfiber removal.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria ESKAPE among Healthy People Estimated by Monitoring of Municipal Wastewater

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 495
Author(s):  
Masateru Nishiyama ◽  
Susan Praise ◽  
Keiichi Tsurumaki ◽  
Hiroaki Baba ◽  
Hajime Kanamori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
General Population ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Wastewater Samples

There is increasing attention toward factors that potentially contribute to antibiotic resistance (AR), as well as an interest in exploring the emergence and occurrence of antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB). We monitored six ARBs that cause hospital outbreaks in wastewater influent to highlight the presence of these ARBs in the general population. We analyzed wastewater samples from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWWTP) and hospital wastewater (HW) for six species of ARB: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteria (CARBA), extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteria (ESBL), multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter (MDRA), multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRP), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE). We registered a high percentage of ARBs in MWWTP samples (>66%) for all ARBs except for MDRP, indicating a high prevalence in the population. Percentages in HW samples were low (<78%), and no VRE was detected throughout the study. CARBA and ESBL were detected in all wastewater samples, whereas MDRA and MRSA had a high abundance. This result demonstrated the functionality of using raw wastewater at MWWTP to monitor the presence and extent of ARB in healthy populations. This kind of surveillance will contribute to strengthening the efforts toward reducing ARBs through the detection of ARBs to which the general population is exposed.

Effect of aerobic and anaerobic storage on mitochondrial anion uniport

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1043-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL J. SELWYN ◽  
JOHN G. COMERFORD ◽  
ALAN P. DAWSON ◽  
DEREK V. FULTON
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Storage ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Anion Uniport

Anaerobic Storage of Activated Sludge: Effects on Conditioning and Dewatering Performance

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob H. Bruus ◽  
Jimmy R. Christensen ◽  
Hanne Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Anaerobic Storage

Since dewatering equipment is commonly operated only during normal working hours, activated sludge must often be stored in an anaerobic condition prior to conditioning. It is the objective of this study to investigate the influence of anaerobic storage on conditioning requirements and dewatering performance on a laboratory scale. Sludges were collected at two large treatment plants (removal of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus) and one small treatment plant (removal of organic matter). Thickened activated sludges from the three wastewater treatment plants were stored anaerobically in the laboratory and analyzed frequently during fourteen days of storage. Both organic and inorganic conditioning was used. Turbidity and Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) in the sludge bulk water increased as a result of the anaerobic storage. These parameters indicated a release of colloids, dissolved exopolymers and fermentation waste products such as fatty acids to the bulk water. These constituents consumed additional cationic polyelectrolyte. Filterability at the optimal dosage of polyelectrolyte was not affected by anaerobic storage. Therefore, polyelectrolyte requirements are governed by the bulk water constituents, whereas filterability of the sludge is determined by the degree of sludge floc conditioning. Iron requirements seemed unaffected by anaerobic storage, but lime requirements to obtain good filterability increased with anaerobic storage time.

Ozone-based reclamation of an STP effluent

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 2123-2130 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rodríguez ◽  
R. Rosal ◽  
M. J. Gomez ◽  
E. García-Calvo ◽  
A. R. Fernandez-Alba
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Secondary Clarifier ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Wastewater Samples

The system ozone and hydrogen peroxide was used to reclaim wastewater from the secondary clarifier from a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) of Alcalá de Henares (Madrid-Spain). The assays were performed by bubbling a gas mixture of oxygen and ozone, with ∼24 g Nm−3 of ozone concentration, through a volume of wastewater samples for 20 minutes at 25°C . The removal of dissolved micropollutants such as Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) and Organic Carbon (TOC) was enhanced by adding periodic pulses of hydrogen peroxide while keeping pH above 8.0 throughout the runs. Removal efficiency ratios in the range of 7–26 mg O3/mg TOC and 0.24 mg O3 /ng micropollutants at 5 minutes of ozonation were assessed as reference data to reclaim wastewater from STP. The relation between the extent of TOC removed and ozone doses used was related by a second-order kinetic model in which the time-integrated ozone-hydrogen peroxide concentration was included.

scholarly journals Cod Fractions - Methods of Measurement and Use in Wastewater Treatment Technology

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia Myszograj ◽  
Ewelina Płuciennik-Koropczuk ◽  
Anita Jakubaszek
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Real Concentration ◽  
Industrial Sewage ◽  
Methods Of Measurement ◽  
Raw Wastewater

Abstract The paper presents the results of studies concerning the designation of COD fraction in raw wastewater. The research was conducted in four municipal mechanical-biological sewage treatment plants and one industrial sewage treatment plant. The following fractions of COD were determined: non-biodegradable (inert) soluble SI, biodegradable soluble fraction SS, particulate slowly degradable XS and particulate non-biodegradable XI. The methodology for determining the COD fraction was based on the ATV-A131 guidelines and Łomotowski-Szpindor methodology. The real concentration of fractions in raw wastewater and the percentage of each fraction in total COD are different from data reported in the literature.

scholarly journals Filamentous Fungal Quality of a Bovine Abattoir and Associated Water Sources in Akure, Southwestern, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
O. O. Olusola-Makinde ◽  
D. J. Arotupin ◽  
F. C. Adetuyi
Keyword(s):  
Penicillium Chrysogenum ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
High Dominance ◽  
Abattoir Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Aims: This study examined the prevalence of filamentous fungi in Onyearugbulem abattoir wastewater samples in Akure, Nigeria. Methodology: The  abattoir’s water source, 5 m away from animal washings, the incinerator, 10 m upstream, 10 m downstream and 100 m downstream were sampled between November 2014 and October 2015 for aerobic and anaerobic fungal counts using standard recommended procedures. Fungal isolates were identified macroscopically and microscopically. Results: The results showed that the water source had the lowest fungal count (1.4x103 sfu/ml in November and 2.0x102 sfu/ml in February for aerobic and anaerobic counts respectively) throughout the sampling period unlike the incinerator which had the highest fungal count (5.2x103 sfu/ml in August and 5.5x103 sfu/ml in July for aerobic and anaerobic counts respectively). The aerobic fungal count was lower than the anaerobic fungal count in all the six (6) sampling points except the abattoir water source. The trendline of the data collected also showed a significant increase (p≤0.05) of the fungal counts in the wet season as compared to the dry season. The fungi isolated are Rhizopus spp., Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium chrysogenum, Fusarium oxysporium and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Conclusion: This work indicated a high dominance of fungi in water bodies associated with the slaughterhouse and therefore warns against environmental and health hazards associated with these microorganisms.

scholarly journals Applicability of Neighborhood and Building Scale Wastewater-Based Genomic Epidemiology to Track the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic and other Pathogens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel R. Spurbeck ◽  
Angela T. Minard-Smith ◽  
Lindsay A. Catlin
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Viral Population ◽  
List Type ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Wastewater Samples

AbstractThe benefits of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) for tracking the viral load of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, have become apparent since the start of the pandemic. However, most sampling occurs at the wastewater treatment plant influent and therefore can only monitor SARS-CoV-2 concentration and spread within the entire catchment, which can encompass multiple municipalities. Furthermore, most WBE only quantifies the virus, and therefore miss crucial information that can be gained by sequencing SARS-CoV-2. Here we demonstrate feasibility of sampling at the neighborhood or building complex level using a mix of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and targeted sequencing to provide a more refined understanding of the local dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 strains. When coupled with the higher-level treatment plant samples, this creates an opportunity for health officials to monitor the spread of the virus at different spatial and temporal scales to inform policy decisions.Here we demonstrate the feasibility of tracking SARS-CoV-2 at the neighborhood, hospital, and nursing home level with the ability to detect one COVID-19 positive out of 60 nursing home residents. The viral load obtained was correlative with the number of COVID-19 patients being treated in the hospital. Sequencing of the samples over time demonstrated that nonsynonymous mutations fluctuate in the viral population, and wastewater-based sequencing could be an efficient approach to monitor for vaccine or convalescent plasma escape mutants, as well as mutations that could reduce the efficacy of diagnostics. Furthermore, while SARS-CoV-2 was detected by untargeted RNA sequencing, qPCR and targeted whole genome amplicon sequencing were more reliable methods for tracking the pandemic. From our sequencing data, clades and shifts in mutation profiles within the community were traceable and could be used to determine if vaccine or diagnostics need to be adapted to ensure continued efficacy.Graphical AbstractHighlightsNeighborhood or building level wastewater analysis accurately detects SARS-CoV-2SARS-CoV-2 was detected in wastewater from one infected person out of 60 residentsTotal RNAseq did not accurately detect SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater samples.Targeted whole genome sequencing of wastewater samples identified Spike mutations.

scholarly journals Detection of Pathogenic Waterborne Parasites in Treated Wastewater of Rada'a City -Yemen

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Faisal Mohammed Al-Nihmi ◽  
Akram Ahmed Salih ◽  
Jalal Qazzan ◽  
Bakeel Radman ◽  
Warda Al-Woree ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Enterobius Vermicularis ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Chamber Size

Purpose: The aim of this study is to detect the presence of waterborne parasites in the treated wastewater in Rada'a city. Study Design: An Experimental Research Design. Materials and Methods: Waterborne parasites in the collected samples were concentrated using formol ether and zinc sulphate techniques and then microscopically analyzed to identify protozoa and helminth eggs. Fifteen treated sewage samples were randomly collected from different positions of wastewater treatment plant in three different months of 2019 (May, June and August) with three replications. Each sample was collected in one-litre volume and recorded as original sample. Parasite analysis was done using the McMaster worm egg counting slides with chamber size of 0.3 mm. Results: In this study, Giardia lamblia was found in a high percentage in comparison to other parasites, followed by Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba coli.  The majority of parasite eggs in the treated wastewater samples were related to Hookworm and Ascaris lumbricoide followed by Taenia saginat and Enterobius vermicularis. Furthermore, Cryptosprodium oocyst and Fasciola hepatica eggs were rarely detected. Conclusion: The observed pattern of contamination demonstrated that the quantity of parasites in sewage after treatment exceeded the permitted levels and it is necessary to modify the treatment process of wastewater to prevent the possible spread of parasitic contamination.

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