Immunomodulatory effects of Allium Sativum L. and its constituents against viral infections and metabolic diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
María del Rayo Camacho-Corona ◽  
Alberto Camacho-Morales ◽  
Fernando Góngora-Rivera ◽  
Erandi Escamilla-García ◽  
Juan Luis Morales-Landa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Good Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Allium sativum L., or garlic, is one of the most studied plants worldwide within the field of traditional medicine. Current interests lie in the potential use of garlic as a preventive measure and adjuvant treatment for viral infections, e.g., SARS-CoV-2. Even though it cannot be presented as a single treatment, its beneficial effects are beyond doubt. The World Health Organization has deemed it an essential part of any balanced diet with immunomodulatory properties. Objective: The aim of the study was to review the literature on the effects of garlic compounds and preparations on immunomodulation and viral infection management, with emphasis on SARS-CoV-2. Method: Exhaustive literature search has been carried out on electronic databases. Conclusion: Garlic is a fundamental part of a well-balanced diet which helps maintain general good health. The reported information regarding garlic’s ability to beneficially modulate inflammation and the immune system is encouraging. Nonetheless, more efforts must be made to understand the actual medicinal properties and mechanisms of action of the compounds found in this plant to inhibit or diminish viral infections, particularly SARS-CoV-2. Based on our findings, we propose a series of innovative strategies to achieve such a challenge in the near future.

scholarly journals A comparative analysis of world health systems and Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Ayşe İKİNCİ KELEŞ ◽  
Gökhan KELEŞ
Keyword(s):  
Health Systems ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Second Wave

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which causes severe airway problems, first emerged in the Chinese city of Wuhan. The virus led to a pandemic that affected the entire world. COVID-19 affects not only health, but also economic and social life. The emergence of this pandemic has led to health systems across the world being questioned. The aim of this study was to assess the adequacy of world health systems in the face of this pandemic. Twelve countries were selected and analyzed in the study. The choice of these countries was determined by the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths. Information concerning health systems and COVID-19 was obtained from Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development 2018, World Health Organization 2020 and Deep Knowledge Group data and was subjected to statistical analysis. According to the analysis, the country with the highest investment in health expenditures is the United States (10586 US dollars/capita), and Germany stands out as the best in health services. Another finding is the first and second wave of COVID-19 was identified as the USA with the highest case and death rate (First wave cases 1.942.363 and deaths 110.514; second wave cases at 7.419.230 and deaths 2.09.450). As a result of the meta-analysis, it is revealed that only socio-economic power is not enough, countries with good health systems are more successful in the pandemic. In addition, the analysis once again reveal how important health systems are in the face of such a pandemic.

scholarly journals Nutritional status among children aged one to six years in tribal area

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2715
Author(s):  
Palle Lokhnath Reddy ◽  
Aluka Anand Chand
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Good Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tribal Area ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Severe Degree

Background: Nutrition in children is considered as a major concern for good health and also for normal growth and development. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of malnutrition in 1 to 6 years children.Methods: This was a community based cross sectional carried out in a south Indian tribal area for a period of 5 years among 1020 children. The anthropometric measurements categorization among children was done using world health organization (WHO) guidelines. Data was analyzed using microsoft excel 2010.Results: Out of 1020 children, nutritional status based on underweight, stunting and wasting was 30.80%, 26.8% and 15.68% respectively. Severe degree of underweight, stunting and wasting was observed in 76.4%, 64.7% and 5.49% respectively.Conclusions: Under nutrition was significantly high in infants and it decreased with increasing in age and significantly higher number of female children were stunted and underweight compared to male children.

scholarly journals Is hydroxychloroquine beneficial for COVID-19 patients?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Li ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Patrizia Agostinis ◽  
Arnold Rabson ◽  
Gerry Melino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Emergency Care ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Effective Drugs

Abstract The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in December 2019. As similar cases rapidly emerged around the world1–3, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a public health emergency of international concern on January 30, 2020 and pronounced the rapidly spreading coronavirus outbreak as a pandemic on March 11, 20204. The virus has reached almost all countries of the globe. As of June 3, 2020, the accumulated confirmed cases reached 6,479,405 with more than 383,013 deaths worldwide. The urgent and emergency care of COVID-19 patients calls for effective drugs, in addition to the beneficial effects of remdesivir5, to control the disease and halt the pandemic.

scholarly journals Final orientation for new graduates on the highest attainable standard of health

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 362-365
Author(s):  
Samlee Plianbangchang
Keyword(s):  
Self Care ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Workforce ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Graduates ◽  
National Medical ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the importance of taking responsibility for our own self-care as fundamental to achieving optimum healthcare at all levels: family, community and country. However, for self-care to work at its best, the support of the government and the national medical and public health workforce are required in addition to increased facilities that ensure the development and long-term maintenance of a person’s health status. Moreover, inter-disciplinary government policy, strategy and resource support should be placed as a central part of the national healthcare development system. Design/methodology/approach It is a commentary piece of work from own long experience in working with the World Health Organization. Findings The value of self-care and individual responsibility in achieving one’s own good health ultimately results in improved national and global health standards. Originality/value This commentary explores the ideas and concepts on ways and means of leading people to think and act toward achieving their own optimum health in order to lead a socially and economically productive life and ultimately achieve “the highest attainable standard of health,” a WHO objective.

scholarly journals Prenatal Hyperglycemia Exposure and Cellular Stress, a Sugar-Coated View of Early Programming of Metabolic Diseases

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1359
Author(s):  
Jessica Tozour ◽  
Francine Hughes ◽  
Arnaud Carrier ◽  
Didier Vieau ◽  
Fabien Delahaye
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Cellular Stress ◽  
World Health ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Early Programming ◽  
Established Risk Factor ◽  
Glucose Exposure ◽  
Glycemic Memory ◽  
Health Organization

Worldwide, the number of people with diabetes has quadrupled since 1980 reaching 422 million in 2014 (World Health Organization). This distressing rise in diabetes also affects pregnant women and thus, in regard to early programming of adult diseases, creates a vicious cycle of metabolic dysfunction passed from one generation to another. Metabolic diseases are complex and caused by the interplay between genetic and environmental factors. High-glucose exposure during in utero development, as observed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), is an established risk factor for metabolic diseases. Despite intense efforts to better understand this phenomenon of early memory little is known about the molecular mechanisms associating early exposure to long-term diseases risk. However, evidence promotes glucose associated oxidative stress as one of the molecular mechanisms able to influence susceptibility to metabolic diseases. Thus, we decided here to further explore the relationship between early glucose exposure and cellular stress in the context of early development, and focus on the concept of glycemic memory, its consequences, and sexual dimorphic and epigenetic aspects.

Health for All and Primary Health Care, 1978–2018: A Historical Perspective on Policies and Programs Over 40 Years

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan B. Rifkin
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Good Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of Health ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization

In 1978, at an international conference in Kazakhstan, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund put forward a policy proposal entitled “Primary Health Care” (PHC). Adopted by all the World Health Organization member states, the proposal catalyzed ideas and experiences by which governments and people began to change their views about how good health was obtained and sustained. The Declaration of Alma-Ata (as it is known, after the city in which the conference was held) committed member states to take action to achieve the WHO definition of health as “state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” Arguing that good health was not merely the result of biomedical advances, health-services provision, and professional care, the declaration stated that health was a human right, that the inequality of health status among the world’s populations was unacceptable, and that people had a right and duty to become involved in the planning and implementation of their own healthcare. It proposed that this policy be supported through collaboration with other government sectors to ensure that health was recognized as a key to development planning. Under the banner call “Health for All by the Year 2000,” WHO and the United Nations Children’s Fund set out to turn their vision for improving health into practice. They confronted a number of critical challenges. These included defining PHC and translating PHC into practice, developing frameworks to translate equity into action, experiencing both the potential and the limitations of community participation in helping to achieve the WHO definition of health, and seeking the necessary financing to support the transformation of health systems. These challenges were taken up by global, national, and nongovernmental organization programs in efforts to balance the PHC vision with the realities of health-service delivery. The implementation of these programs had varying degrees of success and failure. In the future, PHC will need to address to critical concerns, the first of which is how to address the pressing health issues of the early 21st century, including climate change, control of noncommunicable diseases, global health emergencies, and the cost and effectiveness of humanitarian aid in the light of increasing violent disturbances and issues around global governance. The second is how PHC will influence policies emerging from the increasing understanding that health interventions should be implemented in the context of complexity rather than as linear, predictable solutions.

scholarly journals Nanomedicine Fight against Antibacterial Resistance: An Overview of the Recent Pharmaceutical Innovations

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nermin E. Eleraky ◽  
Ayat Allam ◽  
Sahar B. Hassan ◽  
Mahmoud M. Omar
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Polymeric Micelles ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
World Health ◽  
Antibacterial Resistance ◽  
Combination Drug ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles ◽  
Health Organization

Based on the recent reports of World Health Organization, increased antibiotic resistance prevalence among bacteria represents the greatest challenge to human health. In addition, the poor solubility, stability, and side effects that lead to inefficiency of the current antibacterial therapy prompted the researchers to explore new innovative strategies to overcome such resilient microbes. Hence, novel antibiotic delivery systems are in high demand. Nanotechnology has attracted considerable interest due to their favored physicochemical properties, drug targeting efficiency, enhanced uptake, and biodistribution. The present review focuses on the recent applications of organic (liposomes, lipid-based nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, and polymeric nanoparticles), and inorganic (silver, silica, magnetic, zinc oxide (ZnO), cobalt, selenium, and cadmium) nanosystems in the domain of antibacterial delivery. We provide a concise description of the characteristics of each system that render it suitable as an antibacterial delivery agent. We also highlight the recent promising innovations used to overcome antibacterial resistance, including the use of lipid polymer nanoparticles, nonlamellar liquid crystalline nanoparticles, anti-microbial oligonucleotides, smart responsive materials, cationic peptides, and natural compounds. We further discuss the applications of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, combination drug therapy, nano antibiotic strategy, and phage therapy, and their impact on evading antibacterial resistance. Finally, we report on the formulations that made their way towards clinical application.

scholarly journals Understanding the relationship between viral infections and trace elements from a metallomics perspective: implications for COVID-19

Metallomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jemmyson Romário de Jesus ◽  
Tatianny de Araújo Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Relationship

Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic situation due to a new viral infection (COVID-19) caused by a novel virus (Sars-CoV-2).

DO SELF-REPORTED HEALTH INDICATORS PREDICT MORTALITY? EVIDENCE FROM MATLAB, BANGLADESH

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 621-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABDUR RAZZAQUE ◽  
A. H. M. G. MUSTAFA ◽  
PETER KIM STREATFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health State ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
State Quality

SummaryIn order to understand current and changing patterns of population health, there is a clear need for high-quality health indicators. The World Health Organization Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE) survey platform and the International Network for the Demographic Evaluation of Populations and Their Health in developing countries (INDEPTH) generated data for this study. A total of 4300 people aged 50 years or older were selected randomly from the Matlab Health and Demographic Surveillance System of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh. The health indicators derived from these survey data are self-rated general health, overall health state, quality of life and disability levels. The outcome of the study is mortality over a 2-year follow-up since the survey. Among the four health indicators, only self-rated health was significantly associated with subsequent mortality irrespective of sex: those who reported bad health had higher mortality than those who reported good health, even after controlling for socio-demographic factors. For all other three health indicators, such associations exist but are significant only for males, while for females it is significant only for ‘quality of life’.

scholarly journals Quantitative risk assessment of accidental points in the area of Shahid Beheshti field to Abuzar Square in Yazd with the method of accidents rate - severity index

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A TavakoliMehr ◽  
Gh Halvani ◽  
R Soltani Gerdfaramarzi ◽  
H Moradi ◽  
H Hobubati
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Organization Studies ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Intensity Index ◽  
Pedestrian Bridges ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction: Accidents are one of the biggest public health problems in the world. At the same time, most young victims are in good health before the accident. World Health Organization studies indicate that in 2020 road accidents will be one of three of the three leading causes of death globally. Materials and Methods: Due to selecting the inner-city route, this study identified the accident hot zones by the number-accident intensity index method in one year. The table of coefficients proposed by the state of Georgia was used to weigh the severity of the accidents (injuries, deaths, and damages). Results: In this study, six spatial units were identified as hot zones ( 9/1% ), and 19 spatial units were identified as yellow zones ( 28/8% ); as. Finally, 41 spatial units ( 4100 meters from 6600 meters ) were identified as cold zones ( 62/1% ). Conclusion: The most important ways to reduce traffic accidents include the review of traffic signs in terms of the number, size, location, height, and the installation of the speed breaker in the spatial units as hot zones, the construction of an underpass, and the structure of pedestrian bridges with embedding the escalator in some important routs ( hot zones ), developing a comprehensive and long– term training program for improving the driving culture, etc.

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