Pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases and role of vitamins, herbal extracts in the reduction of cardiovascular risks

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra Kumar ◽  
Sujata Malik ◽  
Reena Tiwari ◽  
Saule Bazarbaevna Zhautivova ◽  
Abdikadirova Hamida Rakhimovna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Middle Income

Background: Heart disease (cardiovascular disease: CVD) is considered as the leading cause of worldwide death. These diseases are recognized as group of disorders which are related to heart and blood vessels. Generally, heart diseases are considered life style associated diseases but many other factors are also found associated with cardiovascular diseases. Objective: The aim of this review is to provide the till date information regarding local and circulatory disorders, role of different vitamin and herbs on heart diseases. Methods: This review article contains a detailed survey of literature about cardiovascular diseases which was available in different online databases such as; PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Elsevier, and Google Scholar etc. In this review, authors have focused on description of cardiovascular disorders, their pathophysiological properties and importance of micronutrients, vitamins and herbs in management of cardiovascular diseases. Results: Cardiovascular diseases are considered the responsible approximately for 17.9 million deaths annually at global level. Surprisingly, low- and middle-income countries counts for 75% of CVD deaths. These diseases represents disorders related circulatory systems specially heart and coronary arteries. Many life style associated factors such as; high cholesterol consumption, smoking, alcohol consumption, tobacco use, metabolic disorders, stress, and other factors such as; family history, age, gender and genetic factors etc have been found involved in establishment of CVDs. That’s why management of diet, management of tobacco and alcohol consumption, management of stress, increased physical activities are considered population wide strategies for control cardiovascular diseases. On the basis of pathophysiology, heart diseases are of many types and out of them acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) are considered serious and catastrophic cardiac disorders. Intake of vitamins, micronutrients, lycopene, omega 3 fatty acid and many herbs like Crataegus oxyacantha (Hawthron), Allium sativum (garlic), Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), Ganoderma lucidum (lingzhi), Ginkgo biloba have been identified good for cardiovascular diseases management and treatment. Conclusion: Cardiovascular dieseases are considered one of the fatal clinical conditions as many of them are asymptomatic. The regulation of diet, increased physical activities, and health life style are recommened to control development of cardiovascular problems. Including this, scintific studies have supported the role of many vitamins, nutrients and herbs as beneficial in cardiovascular diseases but many of them could not demonstrate their role at clinical level but it is suggested that their role as nutriens can not be ignored and their consumption may reduc the cardiovascular risks.

scholarly journals Role of Selected miRNAs as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Diseases, Including Coronary Artery Disease, Myocardial Infarction and Atherosclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Rashid Mir ◽  
Imadeldin Elfaki ◽  
Naina Khullar ◽  
Ajaz Ahmad Waza ◽  
Chandan Jha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Prognostic Biomarkers ◽  
Apoptotic Bodies ◽  
Artery Disease

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide in different cohorts. It is well known that miRNAs have a crucial role in regulating the development of cardiovascular physiology, thus impacting the pathophysiology of heart diseases. MiRNAs also have been reported to be associated with cardiac reactions, leading to myocardial infarction (MCI) and ultimately heart failure (HF). To prevent these heart diseases, proper and timely diagnosis of cardiac dysfunction is pivotal. Though there are many symptoms associated with an irregular heart condition and though there are some biomarkers available that may indicate heart disease, authentic, specific and sensitive markers are the need of the hour. In recent times, miRNAs have proven to be promising candidates in this regard. They are potent biomarkers as they can be easily detected in body fluids (blood, urine, etc.) due to their remarkable stability and presence in apoptotic bodies and exosomes. Existing studies suggest the role of miRNAs as valuable biomarkers. A single biomarker may be insufficient to diagnose coronary artery disease (CAD) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI); thus, a combination of different miRNAs may prove fruitful. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the role of circulating miRNA as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI) and atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Glutathione Participation in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1220
Author(s):  
Deyamira Matuz-Mares ◽  
Héctor Riveros-Rosas ◽  
María Magdalena Vilchis-Landeros ◽  
Héctor Vázquez-Meza
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen Species ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Reactive Species ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathologies

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (such as occlusion of the coronary arteries, hypertensive heart diseases and strokes) are diseases that generate thousands of patients with a high mortality rate worldwide. Many of these cardiovascular pathologies, during their development, generate a state of oxidative stress that leads to a deterioration in the patient’s conditions associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Within these reactive species we find superoxide anion (O2•–), hydroxyl radical (•OH), nitric oxide (NO•), as well as other species of non-free radicals such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hypochlorous acid (HClO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO–). A molecule that actively participates in counteracting the oxidizing effect of reactive species is reduced glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide that is present in all tissues and that its synthesis and/or regeneration is very important to be able to respond to the increase in oxidizing agents. In this review, we will address the role of glutathione, its synthesis in both the heart and the liver, and its importance in preventing or reducing deleterious ROS effects in cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Diseases and Pharmacomicrobiomics: A Perspective on Possible Treatment Relevance

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1338
Author(s):  
Lavinia Curini ◽  
Amedeo Amedei
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Lipid Disorders ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
The Right ◽  
Rich Countries

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the most common cause of mortality in rich countries, include a wide variety of pathologies of the heart muscle and vascular system that compromise the proper functioning of the heart. Most of the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases are well-known: lipid disorders, high serum LDL cholesterol, hypertension, smoking, obesity, diabetes, male sex and physical inactivity. Currently, much evidence shows that: (i) the human microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining the organism’s healthy status; and (ii) a link exists between microbiota and cardiovascular function that, if dysregulated, could potentially correlate with CVDs. This scenario led the scientific community to carefully analyze the role of the microbiota in response to drugs, considering this the right path to improve the effectiveness of disease treatment. In this review, we examine heart diseases and highlight how the microbiota actually plays a preponderant role in their development. Finally, we investigate pharmacomicrobiomics—a new interesting field—and the microbiota’s role in modulating the response to drugs, to improve their effectiveness by making their action targeted, focusing particular attention on cardiovascular diseases and on innovative potential treatments.

scholarly journals A negatív érzelmek és a szív- és érrendszeri betegségek összefüggései

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (48) ◽  
pp. 2005-2010
Author(s):  
Piroska Balog
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Anger Expression ◽  
Coronary Heart Diseases ◽  
Vital Exhaustion ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
European Guidelines

Abstract: With regard to cardiovascular health, the role of negative emotions, particularly that of depression, anxiety, vital exhaustion and hostility has been studied the most widely. Mainly the somatic symptoms of depression and, out of anxiety disorders, generalised anxiety and panic disorder have been linked to cardiovascular diseases. Based on an analysis of interviews of patients having suffered myocardial infarction, it was found that vital exhaustion (a combination of loss of energy, increased irritability, and general demoralization) is a precursor of infarction. Vital exhaustion has proven to contribute to the development of coronary heart diseases, being one of the most important risk factors in both sexes. With regard to hostility, studies show that anger suppression and destructive anger expression (blaming others) are closely linked to a higher incidence of coronary heart diseases. Evidence shows that the relationship between negative emotions and cardiovascular diseases is one of a two-way causality, that is, the presence of a cardiovascular disease may also enhance negative emotions, low heart rate variability playing a crucial role in both diseases. This study also presents interview questions suggested by the European Guidelines (2016) to estimate negative emotions related to coronary heart diseases. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(48): 2005–2010.

scholarly journals C-Reactive Protein, Chemerin, Fetuin-A and Osteopontin as Predictors of Cardiovascular Risks in Persons With Psoriasis Vulgaris

2021 ◽  
pp. 383-391
Author(s):  
P BORSKY ◽  
Z FIALA ◽  
C ANDRYS ◽  
M BERANEK ◽  
K HAMAKOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Psoriasis Vulgaris ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Fetuin A ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Pasi Score

The study aimed to contribute to understanding the role of CRP, chemerin, fetuin-A and osteopontin and to assess their suitability as biomarkers of early stages of cardiovascular diseases in psoriasis vulgaris. Serum levels measured in 28 patients and 22 controls. Patients: increased levels of CRP (p<0.001), chemerin (p<0.05), osteopontin (p<0.05) and decreased levels of fetuin-A (p<0.05), significant relationships between CRP and fetuin-A (rho=0.530, p<0.01), CRP and chemerin (rho=0.543, p<0.01), CRP and age (rho=0.590, p<0.001), osteopontin and fetuin-A (r=-0.415, p<0.05), chemerin and PASI score (rho=-0.424, p<0.05). We confirmed specific roles of the biomarkers in psoriasis. CRP, fetuin-A and osteopontin could be considered appropriate markers for the detection of early stages of cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals SIRT3: A New Regulator of Cardiovascular Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Sun ◽  
Caixia Liu ◽  
Qiuhui Chen ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
Youyou Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of death worldwide, and defects in mitochondrial function contribute largely to the occurrence of CVDs. Recent studies suggest that sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), the mitochondrial NAD+-dependent deacetylase, may regulate mitochondrial function and biosynthetic pathways such as glucose and fatty acid metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, oxidative stress, and apoptosis by reversible protein lysine deacetylation. SIRT3 regulates glucose and lipid metabolism and maintains myocardial ATP levels, which protects the heart from metabolic disturbances. SIRT3 can also protect cardiomyocytes from oxidative stress-mediated cell damage and block the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Recent reports show that SIRT3 is involved in the protection of several heart diseases. This review discusses the progress in SIRT3-related research and the role of SIRT3 in the prevention and treatment of CVDs.

scholarly journals Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Fukumoto
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Unhealthy Food

Unhealthy food intake and insufficient physical activities are related with obesity or life-style diseases, which can cause cardiovascular diseases, finally leading to death [...]

Role of Community Pharmacist in the prevention and management of Cardiovascular Diseases: A pilot study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-144
Author(s):  
Maria Ayub ◽  
Sumayya Khurram ◽  
Uroosa Maqbool ◽  
Aniqa Malick ◽  
Faiza Muneer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Pharmaceutical Care ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Life Style Changes

Community pharmacists have substantial knowledge and ability to beat crucial threat associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the clinical settings. This elemental study was organize to govern the influence of pharmaceutical care provided by community pharmacists on the therapeutic management of various cardiovascular problems. This study involved 50 community pharmacists near hospital areas where OPD’s are conducted on regular basis by consultants. A questionnaire was designed to collect the feedback from patients to measure the outcomes of community pharmacists’ role. Our study showed that community pharmacists have enough knowledge to identify risk factors, manage and advice about their medications and need of life style changes to manage their conditions. The outcomes of study shows that more than the half of the patients were gratified with the services of community pharmacists for treating or compensating crucial stages of cardiovascular diseases

scholarly journals Forgiveness and Personality Type among Men and Women Suffering from Cardiovascular Diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Elham Foroozandeh
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Personality Type ◽  
Type A ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Type A Personality

Background: Role of personality and some components of behaviors, traits and emotions as effective factors on coronary heart diseases (CHD) were presented nearly 50 years ago with the concept of “type A” behavior, a compound of hostility, impatience, competitiveness and dominance. Later studies showed crucial role of other traits and behaviors like anger, introversion, depression and forgiveness. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare personality type and forgiveness in the patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases based on gender. Materials and method: The cross sectional study was designed and sample was collected from men and women referred to cardiologists (within the age range of 23-75 years old) from the patients of Shahid Rajaee Heart Hospital of Tehran, Iran from December 2010 to March 2011. Total 87 subjects were selected using random method. The study subjects were given two questionnaires: personality type A (with two factors: TA1, pathologic behaviors of type A personality and TA2, non pathologic behaviors of type A personality) and Interpersonal Forgiveness Inventory (IFI), with three subscales namely reestablishment of relationship, control of revenge and realistic perception. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Mean(±SD) age of men was 50.5±11.6 years (n=33) and 55.7±14.4 years in women (n=54). Mean duration of suffering from cardiovascular diseases in men was 7.8 years and in women was 9.10 years. The study found high mean scores of type A pathologic but not non pathologic type A among women compared to men (p<0.038) and no statistically significant differences in forgiveness subscales. Conclusion: The study revealed significant difference between women and men suffering from cardiovascular disease in pathologic type A (TA1) and negative relationship between pathologic type A and forgiveness. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dmcj.v2i2.20523 Delta Med Col J. Jul 2014; 2(2): 48-52

scholarly journals Type of Physical Activity, Diet, BMI and Tobacco/Alcohol Consumption Relationship: How They are Associated with Our Health?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudmila Liutsko ◽  
Alexander Veraksa ◽  
Irina S. Polikanova ◽  
Sergey Leonov
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Healthy Life Style

The purpose of this article was to check the effects on health of various types of physical activities, diet, BMI, smoking and alcohol consumption and their interrelationships with control for age, sex and level of education. The study was based on epidemiological data (9617 participants from 19 to 81 years old for whom we have health indicators over a period of 11 years) together with questionnaires about diet, alcohol, tobacco and the frequency of different types of physical activities. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric correlational analysis of epidemiological data was performed with use of SPSS v.19. Our results indicate the existence of the significant relationship between leading a healthy life style (type of physical activities, limitations of fats consume and weight maintenance). However, the different categories of physical activities were analysed separately and showed slight differences on health indicators impacts. Our findings confirm that leading a healthy life style (all types of physical activities, limitations of fats consume and weight maintenance) is an important issue since it has a significant relationship with physical and mental health indicators, but outdoor physical activities and practicing sport in group have shown slightly higher impact on health.

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