scholarly journals Isolation and Molecular Identification of Phenol Degrading Bacterium from Industrial Wastes, Collected from Jeddah Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1992-2001
Author(s):  
Bothaina A. Alaidaroos
Keyword(s):  
Phenol Degradation ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
Degrading Bacterium

In the past two decades, phenolic compounds have had different applications, however their use in densification has increased considerably due to Covid 19. Discharge of these dangerous materials is highly toxic and causes risk and severe problems to the environment and health of human and animals, in addition to it being harmful to the aquatic life. Phenol degradation is very important due to high toxicity and stability. The aim of this study is to isolate phenol-degrading aerobic bacteria from hydrocarbon contaminated soil or wastewater, collected from the industrial area of Jeddah. Minimal medium containing phenol as carbon source was used to isolate different bacteria. About 30 actinomycete isolates were obtained, purified and preserved on Starch nitrate. Out of 30 isolates, eight isolates (27%) grow well in medium containing 0.1% phenol. After growing in broth medium, isolate BA4 and isolate BA8 were very active in phenol degradation. Growth and phenol degradation was measured in liquid medium for the two isolates. Morphological and physiological characters of these isolates were detected using different methods. Using molecular methods, they were belonging to a genus of actinomycetes. They were identified as Streptomyces flavabus BA4 and Streptomyces sp. BA8.The effects of some growth factors on growth and phenol degradation were determined. Growth was measured by dry weight (mg/l) while phenol degradation was detected by assaying the residual phenol concentration. The presence of electron donors such as glucose, starch, glycine, peptone, and Na acetate affect both growth and phenol degradation. It was clear that addition of 1 g/l peptone enhanced both growth and phenol degradation. The isolate use phenol and its derivatives m-cresol and o-cresol as carbon sources and addition of vitamin B complex increased the bacterial growth. In conclusion, phenol degradation was detected by actinobacteria and was affected by some physical and biochemical factors. It was noticed that optimization of growth conditions enhanced both growth and phenol degradation by the two selected Streptomyces isolate. Degradation process by isolate BA4 could be a promising solution for removal of phenol from wastewater.

scholarly journals Optimisation of growth conditions for maximum degradation of poly βhydroxyl butrate by two soil fungi

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 4524-4541
Author(s):  
Magda M. Aly ◽  
Fardos M. Bokhari ◽  
Mona O. Albureikan ◽  
Nuha M. Alhazmi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Solid Agar ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigates ◽  
Modern Application

Poly β- hydroxyl butrate (PHB) is a polymer produced by bacteria and can be used safely in different modern application to replace biobased plastic which has adverse effects on the environments. This study is aimed to isolate some fungi for PHB degradation and optimise the growth conditions for maximum degradation. Contaminated soil samples were collected from the industrial area of Jeddah and used for fungal isolations. All fungal isolates were screened for PHB biodegradation on solid agar medium. Out of 20 isolates, 2 isolates were the most active in PHB degradation. They were identified as Trichoderma asperellum NM 6, and Aspergillus fumigates NM10 using morphological and molecular methods. The effects of some growth factors on growth and PHB degradation by the two isolated fungi were determined. Growth was measured by either CPV (ml) or dry weight (g/l) while PHB degradation was detected by depolymerase assay (U/ml). Presence of yeast extract (2.5 g/l) and glucose (1 g/l) enhanced both growth and PHB degradation by the two isolates. Similarly, adjusting medium pH at 7-7.5 and incubation at 25°C after for five days led to maximum growth and PHB degradation. The presence of PHB in growth medium enhanced both growth and PHB degradation and the maximum growth (CPV ml or dry weight (g/l) were in medium containing 0.5 g/l of PHB for both tested fungi. The maximum growth, measured by either CPV (ml) or dry weight (g/l), was in the medium that was inoculated with 10x106 spore/ml for the two tested fungi. In conclusion, PHB degradation by the two tested fungi was similar. It was affected by the same physical and biochemical factors and optimisation of these conditions enhanced both growth and degradation process by the two tested fungi.

Precision Cultivation of Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Free Lipid Acid Analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 354-355 ◽  
pp. 226-230
Author(s):  
Feng He ◽  
Peng Cheng Fu ◽  
Chun Ming Xu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
Cell Concentration ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions

Abstract：A field test was conducted on a photobioreactors for cultivaion of P. tricornutum for optimization cultivation conditions.Here,we use a flat-cuvette pohotobioreactor to control the irradiance, pH, gas composition combined with on-line monitoring by fluorometer and densitometer.By chosing the culture medium in containing glucose，sodium acetate and glycerol, to check for the biomass, cell concentration, biochemical substances and fatty acid content nearly three months . The results show that: Phaeodactylum tricornutum is not only photoautotroph but also mixotroph, which with selectivity for substance concentration and organic carbon sources, the optimum concentration of glucose is 20mmol/L, the optimal growth condition in 500mL flask contains that the temperature is 25±1°C, the light intensity is 50µmol/m2.s, the pH is 8.5. Whatever the carbon sources are able to promote the biomass accumulation. When the cell concentration achieve to 2.5×106 cells/mL in the end of the culture, analyzed total lipid content so as to determine the biomass accumulation and biomass variation in different growth conditions. By ultrasonic extracting and freeze drying, the total of lipid reaches 20%(dry weight); the main content of fatty acid is C16:0,C18:0,which is the better material for biodisel production.

scholarly journals Insertion of Transposon Tn5tac1 in the Sinorhizobium meliloti Malate Dehydrogenase (mdh) Gene Results in Conditional Polar Effects on Downstream TCA Cycle Genes

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1318-1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergiy l. Dymov ◽  
David J. J. Meek ◽  
Blaire Steven ◽  
Brian T. Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Oxoglutarate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Succinyl Coa Synthetase

To isolate Sinorhizobium meliloti mutants deficient in malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity, random transposon Tn5tac1 insertion mutants were screened for conditional lethal phenotypes on complex medium. Tn5tac1 has an outward-oriented isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG)- inducible promoter (Ptac). The insertion in strain Rm30049 was mapped to the mdh gene, which was found to lie directly upstream of the genes encoding succinyl-CoA synthetase (sucCD) and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (sucAB and lpdA). Rm30049 required IPTG for wild-type growth in complex media, and had a complex growth phenotype in minimal media with different carbon sources. The mdh∷ Tn5tac1 insertion eliminated MDH activity under all growth conditions, and activities of succinyl-CoA synthetase, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase were affected by the addition of IPTG. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) studies confirmed that expression from Ptac was induced by IPTG and leaky in its absence. Alfalfa plants inoculated with Rm30049 were chlorotic and stunted, with small white root nodules, and had shoot dry weight and percent-N content values similar to those of uninoculated plants. Cosmid clone pDS15 restored MDH activity to Rm30049, complemented both the mutant growth and symbiotic phenotypes, and was found to carry six complete (sdhB, mdh, sucCDAB) and two partial (lpdA, sdhA) tricarboxylic acid cycle genes.

scholarly journals Using of Some Agro-industrial Wastes for Improving Carotenoids Production from Yeast Rhodotorula glutinis 32 and Bacteria Erwinia uredovora DSMZ 30080

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Gehan F. Galal ◽  
Rania F. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Potato Starch ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Rhodotorula Glutinis ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Sweet Whey ◽  
Steep Liquor ◽  
High Test

Some agro-industrial wastes such as clarified cane molasses, high test molasses, sweet whey, potato starch and corn steep liquor were tested as carbon sources or nitrogen source for growth and carotenoid accumulation using bacteria Erwinia uredovora DSMZ 30080 and yeast Rhodotorula glutinis number 32. Erlenmeyer flasks containing 100 ml of production media, the flasks were inoculated with 1 ml of standard inoculum and incubated at 150 rpm for 4 days at 30°C. Samples were collected periodical every 24h, cell dry weight and carotenoids concentration were determined. Sweet whey and highest molasses gave the highest growth being 2.85 and 7.34 gl-1, respectively and scored the same layout on carotenoids conc. which reach the peak during stationary phase (72 h of fermentation). Using of high test molasses and sweet whey as carotenoid production media were incremented carotenoid conc. about 1.7 and 2 fold (with respect to reference media). Increasing high test molasses conc. to give 5% initial sugar led to up great growth, carotenoids conc., productivity, yield and Yc/x from Rhodo. glutinis 32 to be 7.31 gl-1, 2.67 mgl-1, 0.037 mgl-1h-1, 0.067% and 0.365, respectively. Furthermore, using corn steep liquor (30%) as nitrogen sources augmented carotenoids concentration about 3.8 and 4fold for incomplete and complete production media using Rhodo. glutinis32. Also, a negligible effect on growth was observed with dark incubation with both strains which dropped about 75 and 48% with regard to control for E. uredovora DSMZ 30080 and Rhod. glutinis 32, respectively, whereas, carotenoids conc. was increased about 21% for E. uredovora DSMZ 30080 in dark condition.

scholarly journals Rhodococcus as Biofactories for Microbial Oil Production

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4871
Author(s):  
Héctor M. Alvarez ◽  
Martín A. Hernández ◽  
Mariana P. Lanfranconi ◽  
Roxana A. Silva ◽  
María S. Villalba
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Microbial Oil ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Wide Range

Bacteria belonging to the Rhodococcus genus are frequent components of microbial communities in diverse natural environments. Some rhodococcal species exhibit the outstanding ability to produce significant amounts of triacylglycerols (TAG) (>20% of cellular dry weight) in the presence of an excess of the carbon source and limitation of the nitrogen source. For this reason, they can be considered as oleaginous microorganisms. As occurs as well in eukaryotic single-cell oil (SCO) producers, these bacteria possess specific physiological properties and molecular mechanisms that differentiate them from other microorganisms unable to synthesize TAG. In this review, we summarized several of the well-characterized molecular mechanisms that enable oleaginous rhodococci to produce significant amounts of SCO. Furthermore, we highlighted the ability of these microorganisms to degrade a wide range of carbon sources coupled to lipogenesis. The qualitative and quantitative oil production by rhodococci from diverse industrial wastes has also been included. Finally, we summarized the genetic and metabolic approaches applied to oleaginous rhodococci to improve SCO production. This review provides a comprehensive and integrating vision on the potential of oleaginous rhodococci to be considered as microbial biofactories for microbial oil production.

Assimilation of various organic carbon sources by Haematococcus strains

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-237
Author(s):  
M. Zych ◽  
A. Stolarczyk ◽  
K. Maca ◽  
A. Banaś ◽  
K. Termińska-Pabis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Mixotrophic Growth ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Organic Carbon Sources ◽  
Secondary Carotenoids ◽  
Colour Changes

Differences in the assimilation of individual organic compounds (5 mM sugars and L-asparagine) under mixotrophic growth conditions were described for three naturally occurring Haematococcus strains.The effects of assimilation were measured by the growth intensity and size of algal cells, and the effect of colour changes in the cultures was observed. Some compounds caused the cell colouration to change from green to yellow, being the result of chlorophyll disappearance and the accumulation of yellow secondary carotenoids. In the present experiment none of the cultures turned red, thus excluding the intense accumulation of the commercially interesting carotenoid, astaxanthin.

scholarly journals Incorporation of alternative amino acids into cyanophycin by different cyanophycin synthetases heterologously expressed in Corynebacterium glutamicum

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona Wördemann ◽  
Lars Wiefel ◽  
Volker F. Wendisch ◽  
Alexander Steinbüchel
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Amino Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
Polyaspartic Acid ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Cyanophycin Synthetase ◽  
Potential Precursor

AbstractCyanophycin (multi-l-arginyl-poly-l-aspartic acid; also known as cyanophycin grana peptide [CGP]) is a biopolymer that could be used in various fields, for example, as a potential precursor for the synthesis of polyaspartic acid or for the production of CGP-derived dipeptides. To extend the applications of this polymer, it is therefore of interest to synthesize CGP with different compositions. A recent re-evaluation of the CGP synthesis in C. glutamicum has shown that C. glutamicum is a potentially interesting microorganism for CGP synthesis with a high content of alternative amino acids. This study shows that the amount of alternative amino acids can be increased by using mutants of C. glutamicum with altered amino acid biosynthesis. With the DM1729 mutant, the lysine content in the polymer could be increased up to 33.5 mol%. Furthermore, an ornithine content of up to 12.6 mol% was achieved with ORN2(Pgdh4). How much water-soluble or insoluble CGP is synthesized is strongly related to the used cyanophycin synthetase. CphADh synthesizes soluble CGP exclusively. However, soluble CGP could also be isolated from cells expressing CphA6308Δ1 or CphA6308Δ1_C595S in addition to insoluble CGP in all examined strains. The point mutation in CphA6308Δ1_C595S partially resulted in a higher lysine content. In addition, the CGP content could be increased to 36% of the cell dry weight under optimizing growth conditions in C. glutamicum ATCC13032. All known alternative major amino acids for CGP synthesis (lysine, ornithine, citrulline, and glutamic acid) could be incorporated into CGP in C. glutamicum.

scholarly journals Xanthones Production in Gentiana dinarica Beck Hairy Root Cultures Grown in Simple Bioreactors

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1610
Author(s):  
Branka Vinterhalter ◽  
Nevena Banjac ◽  
Dragan Vinterhalter ◽  
Dijana Krstić-Milošević
Keyword(s):  
Hairy Root ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Bubble Column ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Gentiana Dinarica ◽  
Hairy Root Clones

The hairy root clones of Gentiana dinarica cl-B, cl-D, cl-3, and cl-14 were cultivated in parallel in diverse simple bioreactors, including temporary immersion systems RITA® (TIS RITA®), bubble column bioreactors (BCB), and Erlenmeyer flasks (EF), and evaluated for biomass production and xanthone content. The obtained results showed that TIS RITA® and BCB containing ½ MS medium with 4% sucrose provided equally good growth conditions in which the majority of the clones displayed the higher percentage of dry matter (DM%), and xanthones norswertianin-1-O-primeveroside (nor-1-O-prim) and norswertianin production than those cultivated in EF. Thin and well branched hairy root clone cl-B grown in BCB for 7 weeks was superior regarding all growth parameters tested, including growth index (19.97), dry weight (2.88 g), and DM% (25.70%) compared to all other clones. Cl-B cultured in TIS RITA® contained the highest amount of nor-1-O-prim (56.82 mg per vessel). In BCB with constant aeration, cl-B accumulated the highest norswertianin content reaching 18.08 mg/vessel. The optimized conditions for cultivation of selected G. dinarica hairy root clones in highly aerated TIS RITA® and BCB systems contribute to the development of bioreactor technology designed for the large scale commercial production of xanthones nor-1-O-prim and norswertianin.

scholarly journals Photodegradation of Phenolic Compounds from Water in the Presence of a Pd-Containing Exhausted Adsorbent

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 8440
Author(s):  
Lavinia Lupa ◽  
Laura Cocheci ◽  
Bogdan Trica ◽  
Adina Coroaba ◽  
Adriana Popa
Keyword(s):  
Phenol Degradation ◽  
Magnesium Silicate ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Phenol Solution ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Great Economic Importance ◽  
Phenol Photodegradation ◽  
Cyphos Il 101 ◽  
Solid Liquid

A closed-cycle technology regarding the use of an exhausted Pd-based adsorbent as a photocatalyst in the degradation process of phenol is presented. Pd (II) represents a precious metal of great economic importance. Its obtained from natural sources become more difficult to achieve. Therefore, also considering the regulations of the “circular economy,” its recovery from secondary sources turn out to be a stringent issue in the last years. Pd(II) ions are removed from aqueous solution through adsorption onto Florisil (an inorganic solid support—magnesium silicate) impregnated with Cyphos IL 101 (trihexyl tetradecyl phosphonium chloride). It was observed that the presence of the ionic liquid (IL) in the adsorbent structure doubles the adsorption efficiency of the studied materials. The newly obtained Pd-based photocatalyst was exhaustively characterized and was used in the degradation process of phenol from aqueous solutions. The phenol degradation process was studied in terms of the nature of the photocatalyst used, time of photodegradation and solid: liquid ratio. It was observed that both the presence of IL and Pd lead to an increase in the efficiency of the phenol degradation process. The new Pd-based photocatalyst could be efficiently used in more cycles of phenol photodegradation processes. When is used as a photocatalyst the Florisil impregnated with IL and loaded with 2 mg/g of Pd, a degree of mineralization of 93.75% is obtained after 180 min of irradiation of a phenol solution having a concentration of 20 mg/L and using a solid:liquid ratio = 1:1.

Factors Influencing Geosmin Production by the Cyanobacterium Oscillatoria Brevis

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Naes ◽  
H. C. Utkilen ◽  
A. F. Post
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Limited Growth ◽  
Pigment Synthesis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Effect Of Inhibitors

Environmental factors affecting geosmin production by Oscillatoria brevis have been investigated under laboratory conditions using continuous culture techniques. Transition from light to nutrient limited growth conditions caused a two-fold decrease in geosmin production. However, geosmin content increased relative to pigment content (chlorophyll a and carotenoids). It has been suggested that geosmin biosynthesis in O. brevis proceeds via the isoprenoid pathway as was found in actinomycetes. Accordingly, we investigated the effect of inhibitors of the intermediate stages in this synthetic pathway in order to study the regulation of geosmin production in relation to pigment synthesis. It was concluded that geosmin seemed to function as an overflow metabolite in this pathway. Due to the only modest changes in geosmin production per dry weight compared to changes in biomass levels during light- or nutrient limited growth, contamination of eutrophic fresh waters with geosmin appears to depend mainly on the species present and its biomass level and only to a limited extent on nutrient enhanced synthesis.

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