Protective Effects of Capparis sepiaria Root Extracts against Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Madhavan ◽  
Ajay Shankar Pandey ◽  
Anita Murali ◽  
S. N. Yoganarasimhan
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Organic Analysis ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Hepatic Transaminases ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Hepatoprotective Drug ◽  
Important Drug

Capparis sepiaria L. known as Himsra is an important drug in Ayurveda. In this study extracts of the root of C. sepiaria were evaluated for their hepatoprotective potential on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in albino Wistar rats. The extent of hepatoprotection was evaluated by estimating the serum levels of hepatic transaminases (SGPT and SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP), and bilirubin (total and direct). Aqueous and ethanol extracts of C. sepiaria significantly reduced the increased liver weight as well as serum levels of SGPT, SGOT, ALP, and bilirubin, and normalized the reduced serum protein levels in the treated rats. These observations were supported by the results of histopathology studies as well. The extracts were also subjected to preliminary organic analysis and chromatographic studies including HPTLC finger print studies. The results indicate that the roots of C. sepiaria show significant hepatoprotective effect on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity, thus substantiating its use as a potential hepatoprotective drug.

scholarly journals Regulation of Bcl-2 and the NF-kB Signaling Pathway by Succinyl Rotundic Acid in Livers of Rats with Alcoholic Hepatitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 730-734
Author(s):  
Yufang He
Keyword(s):  
Alcoholic Hepatitis ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Rotundic Acid

In this study, the protective effects of succinyl rotundic acids on alcoholic hepatitis in irradiated rats as well as the effects of Bcl-2-Bax-caspase-3 and the NF-kB signal pathways were studied. SD rats were divided into four groups randomly: normal; model; and succinyl rotundic acid low-, middle-, and high-dose groups. Distilled water, 60% ethanol and 60% ethanol +SRA, respectively, were given for 30 days. ELISA was used to measure serum levels of LDH, AST, ALT, NOS, NO, MDA, GSH and TG. Western blotting was used to measure protein levels of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, NF-kB p 65, IKBA, HO-1, Nrf2 and CYP2E1. Compared with the model group, LDH, AST, ALT, NOS, NO, MDA and TG levels were lower in serum of low-, middle-, and high-dose groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.05 and P < 0.05 in all); GSH content was greater in serum of low-, middle- and high-dose groups (P < 0.05). Levels of Bcl-2, HO-1, and Nrf2 were greater (P < 0.01 in all); those of Bax, caspase-3, NF-kB p65, IKBA, and CYP2E1 were lower (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001 in all). These findings suggest that succinyl rotundic acid reduces inflammatory reactions by reducing levels of NOS and NO, regulating levels of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, NF-kB, and anti-oxidative stress pathways, and has an antagonistic effect on alcoholic liver injury. The agent has potential to treat clinical alcoholic liver disease. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

The modulatory effects of exercise on the inflammatory and apoptotic markers in rats with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colorectal cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saber Ghazizadeh Darband ◽  
Ehsan Saboory ◽  
Shirin Sadighparvar ◽  
Mojtaba Kaviani ◽  
Kazhal Mobaraki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Aberrant Crypt Foci ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms in anti-tumorigenesis effects of exercise through evaluation of inflammation and apoptosis. Twenty-four Wistar rats were divided into control, exercise, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), and DMH + exercise. After a week, rats in the DMH group were given DMH twice a week for 2 weeks. Animals in the exercise groups performed exercise on a treadmill 5 days/week for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks of training, levels of COX-2, PCNA, Bax, Bcl-2, and procaspase-3/cleaved caspase-3 were assessed. Histological changes, number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF), and serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were also analyzed. ACF number was significantly decreased following the exercise program. Protein levels of COX-2 and PCNA and serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly elevated in the rats receiving DMH and downregulated after performing the exercise program (P < 0.05). Exercise upregulated apoptosis, which was evident from the increased Bax/Bcl2 ratio, and enhanced the expression levels of activated caspase-3 as compared to the DMH group. The colonic architecture was improved in DMH + exercise. Exercise can effectively attenuate DMH-induced increase of inflammatory markers. Exercise induces apoptosis at the downstream of the inflammatory response. Therefore, exercise may play a role as a moderator of inflammation to exert protective effects against colon cancer.

scholarly journals Effects of ginger along with exercise training on serum levels of ALT and AST liver enzymes and malondialdehyde and the activity of liver tissue superoxide dismutase in male Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Aghaali Ghasemnian ◽  
Zeinab Iddehloei ◽  
Ahmad Rahmani ◽  
Mozhgan Usefpour
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background and aims: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 2 months of endurance training (ET) along with ginger consumption on the serum levels of liver enzymes (ALT and AST), enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissue in male Wistar rats. Material and Methods: 40 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups according to the weight as follows: control (n=8), sham (n=8), ET (n=8), ginger (n=8), and ET + ginger (n=8). The training protocol was an ET program on a treadmill for two months (5 days a week). Besides standard water and food, in groups using the supplement, 100 mg of ginger solution per kg body weight of the rats was injected three days a week. Then, 48 hours after the last training session and after 8 hours of fasting, blood and tissue samples were collected over night and the serum levels of liver enzymes (ALT and AST), MDA level of the liver tissue, and activity of the liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that after 8 weeks, the activity of liver SOD in ET group (131.7±18.6, P=0.001) and ET + Ginger group (130.2±31.3, P=0.001) significantly increased in comparison with the control group (83.8±14.9). Moreover, liver MDA levels in the ET group (0.38±0.08, P=0.008) and ET + Ginger group (0.37±0.09, P=0.013) significantly increased in comparison with the control group (0.25.0±03). However, 8 weeks of ET coupled with ginger consumption had no effects on the serum levels of AST and ALT (P>0.05). Furthermore, ginger had no effect on MDA level and enzymatic activity of SOD (P>0.05). Conclusion: This study does not support the protective effects of ginger on the reduction of liver enzymes levels and improvement of the antioxidant status

scholarly journals Carvedilol Protects against Cyclosporine Nephropathy in Rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kotolová ◽  
P. Kollár ◽  
M. Jarošová
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Transferrin ◽  
Protein Levels

The aim of our experimental work was to study whether carvedilol is able to protect renal tissue from cyclosporine toxic effect in animal model of cyclosporine nephropathy. The study was performed on twenty Wistar rats divided in two experimental groups: control (treated with placebo) and carvedilol (treated with p.o. dose 10mg/kg/day in 1 ml solution). Cyclosporine in oral dose of 15 mg/kg/day was administered to all animals during 15 days of experiment. Urine was collected daily for the assessment of diuresis, proteinuria, and determination of urea and creatinine levels. Serum collected at the end of the experiment (day 15) was used for the determination of urea and transferrin levels. The level of renal tissue damage was evaluated by the Jones method for basal membranes, glomeruli and tubuli impregnation, and by the Kossa method for calcium impregnation. For the determination of paranuclear inclusions presence we used chromanilinblue (CAB) method. Statistically significant differences between total protein levels in urine on day 7 of the experiment and urea levels in serum at the end of the experiment in the control group and the carvedilol-treated group indicate a protective effect of carvedilol on renal tissue, which is supported also by the results of a histological examination of renal tissue. Significant increase in the serum transferrin level was registered in the carvedilol-treated group and no significant changes were noted in ceruloplasmin serum levels. In conclusion, our pilot study showed that carvedilol has the ability to protect renal tissue from cyclosporine induced nephropathy in rats.

Hepatoprotective Potential of Elsholtzia densa Against Acute and Chronic Models of Liver Damage in Wistar Rats

Drug Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 567-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ovais Zargar ◽  
Rohina Bashir ◽  
Showkat Ganie ◽  
Akbar Masood ◽  
Mohammad Zargar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Chronic Models ◽  
Dose Dependent

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of Elsholtzia densa against experimentally induced acute (CCl4) and chronic (paracetamol) liver injury in albino wistar rats. Activity was measured by monitoring the serum levels of ALT, ALP AST and LDH, total protein levels, bilirubin and albumin. The results of the CCl4 and paracetamol-induced liver toxicity experiments showed that the rats treated with the methanolic extract of Elsholtzia densa exhibited a significant decrease in biochemical parameters as well as the proteins, which were all elevated in the CCl4 and paracetamol group. The extract at a concentration of 300 mg/kg body wt. showed a significant decline (P≤0.05) in the levels of AST, ALT, ALP and LDH to 69.50±2.23IU/L, 60.01±2.25IU/L,46.20±2.24 IU/L and 150.21±5.68IU/L in CCl4 injected animals and 51.12±2.20 IU/L,49.15±3.25 IU/L, 44.12±2.56 IU/L and 125.15±4.45 IU/L in paracetamol-treated animals when compared to the control group. The activities of tissue antioxidants GSH, GPx, GR, GST and CAT was significantly (P≤0.05) restored in dose dependent manner in animals treated with extracts as with acute and chronic hepatotoxic models. The current study confirmed the hepatoprotective effect of methanolic extract of Elsholtzia densa against the model hepatotoxicant CCl4 and paracetamol.

scholarly journals Metabolomics Reveals Metabolic Changes Caused by Low-Dose 4-Tert-Octylphenol in Mice Liver

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Zhou ◽  
Xingwang Ding ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Yanhui Hu ◽  
Yun Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Mice Liver

Background: Humans are constantly exposed to low concentrations of 4-tert-octylphenol (OP). However, studies investigating the effects of low-dose OP on the liver are scarce, and the mechanism of these effects has not been thoroughly elucidated to date. Methods: Adult male institute of cancer research (ICR) mice were exposed to low-dose OP (0, 0.01 and 1 μg/kg/day) for 7 consecutive days. Weights of mice were recorded daily during the experiment. Blood serum levels of OP, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined, and haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining of the liver was performed. We applied an integrated metabolomic and enzyme gene expression analysis to investigate liver metabolic changes, and the gene expression of related metabolic enzymes was determined by real-time PCR and ELISA. Results: OP in blood serum was increased after OP exposure, while body weights of mice were unchanged. Liver weight and its organ coefficient were decreased significantly in the OP (1 μg/kg/day) group, but ALT and AST, as well as the HE staining results, were unchanged after OP treatment. The levels of cytidine, uridine, purine and N-acetylglutamine were increased significantly, and the level of vitamin B6 was decreased significantly in mice treated with OP (1 μg/kg/day). The mRNA and protein levels of Cda and Shmt1 were both increased significantly in OP (1 μg/kg/day)-treated mice. Conclusions: Through metabolomic analysis, our study firstly found that pyrimidine and purine synthesis were promoted and that N-acetylglutamine was upregulated after low-dose OP treatment, indicating that the treatment disturbed nucleic acid and amino acid metabolism in mice liver.

Withdrawn: Hepatoprotective effects of Tribulus terrestris L. (Zygophyllales: Zygophyllaceae) hydro-alcholic extract on non-alcoholic fatty liver-induced rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Almasi ◽  
Mozafar Khazaei ◽  
Shima Chehrei ◽  
Ali Ghanbari
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tribulus Terrestris ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Non-alcoholic fatty liver induces many complications to the liver tissue and also serum related parameters. Medicinal plants are the safe therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diseases. In this regards, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Tribulus terrestris L. (Zygophyllales: Zygophyllaceae) extract on non-alcoholic fatty liver in rats. In this experimental study, thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n = 6). Animals in experimental groups were received high fructose diet (70%) (HDF) daily alone or in combined with daily intraperitoneal injection of 500, 700 and 1,000 mg/kg extract of T. terrestris. Control group of rats was feed with standard chow. The serum levels of biomarkers of liver and serum lipid profiles were assessed, also histopathological examination of liver tissue done. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA method followed by Tukey’s post-hoc multiple comparison test and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. There were significant improvements for biomarkers of liver tissue (P < 0.05) and serum lipid profiles (P < 0.01) in the HFD-fed rats that were treated with T. terrestris extract compare to HFD-fed group. In addition, accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes was significantly reduced in the HFD-fed + extract administrated groups in comparison to HFD-fed rats (P < 0.01). T. terrestris extract has protective effects against non-alcoholic fatty liver by changing biomarkers of liver tissue, serum lipid profiles and histopathological anomalies of liver tissue, to normal range.

Negative Correlation Between Serum Levels of Homocysteine and Apolipoprotein M

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
J. Wei ◽  
Y. Yu ◽  
Y. Feng ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
Q. Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Apolipoprotein M ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Phosphoinositide 3 Kinase

Background: Homocysteine (Hcy) has been suggested as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is a constituent of the HDL particles. The goal of this study was to examine the serum levels of homocysteine and apoM and to determine whether homocysteine influences apoM synthesis. Methods: Serum levels of apoM and Hcy in 17 hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) patients and 19 controls were measured and their correlations were analyzed. Different concentrations of homocysteine (Hcy) and LY294002, a specific phosphoinositide 3- kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, were used to treat HepG2 cells. The mRNA levels were determined by RT-PCR and the apoM protein mass was measured by western blot. Results: We found that decreased serum apoM levels corresponded with serum HDL levels in HHcy patients, while the serum apoM levels showed a statistically significant negative correlation with the serum Hcy levels. Moreover, apoM mRNA and protein levels were significantly decreased after the administration of Hcy in HepG2 cells, and this effect could be abolished by addition of LY294002. Conclusions: resent study demonstrates that Hcy downregulates the expression of apoM by mechanisms involving the PI3K signal pathway.

Low Serum Levels of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 in Gunn Rats: A Hyperbilirubinemia Animal Model of Schizophrenic Symptoms

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 503-508
Author(s):  
Maiko Hayashida ◽  
Sadayuki Hashioka ◽  
Kenji Hayashida ◽  
Shoko Miura ◽  
Keiko Tsuchie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Normal Strain ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Gunn Rats

Background: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 2 (also referred to as basic FGF) is a multifunctional growth factor that plays a pivotal role in the pro-survival, pro-migration and pro-differentiation of neurons. Method: Because alterations in FGF2 levels are suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis schizophrenia, we investigated serum levels of FGF2 in the Gunn rat, a hyperbilirubinemia animal model of schizophrenic symptoms. Results: The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that the serum levels of FGF2 in Gunn rats were 5.09 ± 0.236 pg/mL, while those in the normal strain Wistar rats were 11.90 ± 2.142 pg/mL. The serum FGF2 levels in Gunn rats were significantly lower than those in Wistar rats. We also measured serum levels of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) and found a significant negative correlation between UCB and FGF2 at serum levels in all the rats studied. Conclusion: Since it is known that FGF2 regulates dopaminergic neurons and have anti-neuroinflammatory effects, our finding suggests that low FGF2 levels may contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, in which disbalanced dopamin-ergic signaling and neuroinflammation are supposed to play certain roles.

scholarly journals Co-Treatment of Purified Annatto Oil (Bixa orellana L.) and Its Granules (Chronic®) Improves the Blood Lipid Profile and Bone Protective Effects of Testosterone in the Orchiectomy-Induced Osteoporosis in Wistar Rats

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4720
Author(s):  
Arlindo César Matias Pereira ◽  
Helison de Oliveira Carvalho ◽  
Danna Emanuelle Santos Gonçalves ◽  
Karyny Roberta Tavares Picanço ◽  
Abrahão Victor Tavares de Lima Teixeira dos dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Blood Lipid Profile ◽  
Bone Calcium ◽  
Weight Structure

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of co-treatment with purified annatto oil (PAO) or its granules (GRA, Chronic®) with that of testosterone on the orchiectomy-induced osteoporosis in Wistar rats. After surgery, rats were treated from day 7 until day 45 with testosterone only (TES, 7 mg/kg, IM) or TES + PAO or GRA (200 mg/kg, p.o.). The following parameters were evaluated: food/water intake, weight, HDL, LDL, glucose, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), alkaline phosphatase levels, blood phosphorus and calcium contents, femur weight, structure (through scanning electron microscopy), and calcium content (through atomic absorption spectrophotometry). Our results show that orchiectomy could significantly change the blood lipid profile and decrease bone integrity parameters. Testosterone reposition alone could improve some endpoints, including LDL, TC, bone weight, and bone calcium concentration. However, other parameters were not significantly improved. Co-treatment with PAO or GRA improved the blood lipid profile and bone integrity more significantly and improved some endpoints not affected by testosterone reposition alone (such as TG levels and trabeculae sizes). The results suggest that co-treatment with annatto products improved the blood lipid profile and the anti-osteoporosis effects of testosterone. Overall, GRA had better results than PAO.

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