scholarly journals Application of Partial Hydrolysis of Virgin Coconut oil (VCO) on Carrageenan-based Edible Coatinng as (Sphyraena barracuda) Fishball Preservative during Room Storage

2021 ◽  
pp. 471-480
Author(s):  
Erpiani Siregar ◽  
Jansen Silalahi ◽  
Dwi Suryanto
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Edible Coating ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Partial Hydrolysis ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Sphyraena Barracuda ◽  
Oil Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Food spoilage during storage occurs physically, chemically and biologically which is related to the activity of bacteria. One of the natural preservation that is currently developing is the application of edible coating on perishable food, such as fishball. Addition of antibacterial agent is important to improve edible coating. Virgin coconut oil contains medium chain fatty acids which have antimicrobial properties, particularly monoglycerides and free fatty acids that produced by hydrolyzing partially triglycerides at the Sn-1 and Sn-3 position using Lipozyme. The aim of this research was to test the effect of edible coating carrageenan enriched with virgin coconut oil hydrolysis (HVCO) (concentrations 1%,3%,5%) on fishball quality.The method was an experimental with factorial completely randomized design.The samples were analyzed for sensorial assessments, Total plate Count, Total Volatile Base-Nitrogen, Water content, and pH for 5 days at room temperature. The study demonstrated that fish meatball coated with carrageenan based-edible coating fortified with HVCO showed the best result compared to controls (Uncoated fishball, coated without HVCO). Sensory attributes were still accepted by panelists until 3 days. Meanwhile, the same pattern depicted by TPC and TVB-N parameters. HVCO5% had inhibited microbial growth and retarded the increase of TVB-N number on fishball, the results were Log 5,08cfu/gr, 29,69 mg/100 gr respectively.

scholarly journals Quality of Virgin Coconut Oil with Addition of Peppermint Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Clarissa Hanjaya ◽  
Fransiscus Sinung Pranata ◽  
Yuliana Reni Swasti
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Peppermint Oil ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Total Plate Count ◽  
Health Related

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is a pure coconut oil made from mature and fresh coconut meat. VCO is consumed for health-related reasons, but the unsaturated fatty acids of VCO are prone to oxidation. Mixing VCO with peppermint oil, which contains antioxidants, inhibits the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids and thus prevents the rancidity of VCO. This research used the antioxidants from peppermint oil to improve VCO quality. VCO contains antioxidants, such as α-pinene, menthol, 1,8-cineol, camphor, flavonoid, borneol, tocopherol, and carotene. The treatments consisted of three peppermint oil concentrations (2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%) in VCO. Results showed that the additionof peppermint oil significantly improved VCO quality. The optimal concentration of peppermint oil in VCO was 7.5% with a water content of 0.05%, a free fatty acid value of 0.13%, a peroxide value of 0.53 mg eq/kg, an iodine value of 4.42 g I2/100 g, a total plate count of 0 cfu/mL, and antioxidant activity of 90.28%.

In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Virgin Coconut Oil and its Fractions in Liver and Oral Cancer Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (18) ◽  
pp. 2223-2230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poonam Verma ◽  
Sanjukta Naik ◽  
Pranati Nanda ◽  
Silvi Banerjee ◽  
Satyanarayan Naik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Anticancer Efficacy ◽  
Oral Cancer Cells

Background: Coconut oil is an edible oil obtained from fresh, mature coconut kernels. Few studies have reported the anticancer role of coconut oil. The fatty acid component of coconut oil directly targets the liver by portal circulation and as chylomicron via lymph. However, the anti-cancer activity of coconut oil against liver cancer cells and oral cancer cells is yet to be tested. The active component of coconut oil, that is responsible for the anticancer activity is not well understood. In this study, three different coconut oils, Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO), Processed Coconut Oil (PCO) and Fractionated Coconut Oil (FCO), were used. Objective: Based on previous studies, it can be hypothesized that fatty acids in coconut oil may have anticancer potential and may trigger cell death in cancer cell lines. Methods: Each cell line was treated with different concentrations of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO), Processed Coconut Oil (PCO) and Fractionated Coconut Oil (FCO). The treated cells were assayed by MTT after 72 hr of incubation. The fatty acid composition of different coconut oils was analyzed by gas chromatography. Result: Different concentrations of coconut oils were used to treat the cells. Interestingly, the anticancer efficacy of VCO, PCO and FCO was not uniform, rather the efficacy varied from cell line to cell line. Only 20% VCO showed significant anticancer activity in HepG2 cells in comparison to 80% PCO against the KB cell line. Remarkably, 20% of PCO and 5% of FCO showed potential growth inhibition in the KB cell line as compared to 80% PCO in HepG2 cells. Moreover, there was a difference in the efficacy of VCO, PCO and FCO, which might be due to their fatty acid composition. Comparing the anticancer efficacy of VCO, PCO and FCO in this study helped to predict which class of fatty acids and which fatty acid might be associated with the anticancer activity of VCO. Conclusion: This study shows that VCO, PCO and FCO have anticancer efficacy and may be used for the treatment of cancer, especially liver and oral cancer.

scholarly journals Hydrolysis Activity of Virgin Coconut Oil Using Lipase from Different Sources

Scientifica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. V. Nguyen ◽  
Truong D. Le ◽  
Hoa N. Phan ◽  
Lam B. Tran
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Candida Rugosa ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Porcine Pancreas ◽  
Hydrolysis Degree ◽  
Porcine Pancreas Lipase ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Different Sources

Two types of lipase, Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) and porcine pancreas lipase (PPL), were used to hydrolyze virgin coconut oil (VCO). The hydrolysis process was carried out under four parameters, VCO to buffer ratio, lipase concentration, pH, and temperature, which have a significant effect on hydrolysis of lipase. CRL obtained the best hydrolysis condition at 1 : 5 of VCO to buffer ratio, 1.5% of CRL concentration, pH 7, and temperature of 40°C. Meanwhile, PPL gave different results at 1 : 4 of VCO to buffer ratio, 2% of lipase concentration, pH 7.5, and 40°C. The highest hydrolysis degree of CRL and PPL was obtained after 16 hours and 26 hours, reaching 79.64% and 27.94%, respectively. Besides, the hydrolysis process was controlled at different time course (every half an hour) at the first 4 hours of reaction to compare the initial hydrolysis degree of these two lipase types. FFAs from hydrolyzed products were isolated and determined the percentage of each fatty acid which contributes to the FFAs mixture. As a result, medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) made up the main contribution in composition of FFAs and lauric acid (C12) was the largest segment (47.23% for CRL and 44.23% for PPL).

scholarly journals BODY SCRUB VIRGIN COCONUT OIL, COFFEE GROUNDS AND CARBON ACTIVE COCONUT SHELL AS A MOISTURIZER AND SKIN BRIGHTENING

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Putri Desi Eka ◽  
Djamil Ratna ◽  
Faizatun Faizatun
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Black Color

Relevance. Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) contains a lot of medium chain fatty acids, combined with coffee grounds (Coffea Arabica Linn.) and activated carbon (Activated carbon coconut Nucifera L) into a preparation that can moisturize and brighten the skin. Objective. The purpose of this study was to make cosmetic cleansing preparations containing three natural ingredients. Methods. This study evaluates the organoleptic body scrub preparations, homogeneity, dispensability, and pH. The ingredients were tested using in-vivo and clinical irritation along with the effectiveness of the preparation (moisture and brightness). Results. Organoleptic testing and homogeneity were confirmed to have dark black color, the distinctive smell of coffee, homogeneity, spreadability in the range of 4 cm, and the pH was at a safe pH for the skin so that irritation results also did not show edema and erythema both in-vivo divided into 3 groups (n = 3) and clinically (n = 30). In addition, this body scrub provides moisture and brightness to the skin for 2 months of use, p <0.05. Conclusions. VCO body scrub preparations, coffee grounds, and activated carbon are preparations that have the potential to be cosmetic cleansers.

Comparative evaluation of the pharmacological value of virgin coconut oil, omega 3 fatty acids, and orlistat in experimental study on obesity with normo/hyper-lipidaemic diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 100192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wale Johnson Adeyemi ◽  
Luqman Aribidesi Olayaki ◽  
Tahir Ahmad Abdussalam ◽  
Serah Funke Ige ◽  
Bidemi Kazeem Okesina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil

scholarly journals Maternal intake of dietary virgin coconut oil modifies essential fatty acids and causes low body weight and spiky fur in mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renuka Gunasekaran ◽  
Mohammed Rafid Shaker ◽  
Siti Waheeda Mohd-Zin ◽  
Aminah Abdullah ◽  
Azlina Ahmad-Annuar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil

scholarly journals The Activity of Hydrolyzed Virgin Coconut Oil to Increase Proliferation and Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression towards on NIH 3T3 Cell Line in Wound Healing Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (19) ◽  
pp. 3164-3168
Author(s):  
Jansen Silalahi ◽  
Yuandani Yuandani ◽  
Dian Ika Perbina Br Meliala ◽  
Linda Margata ◽  
Denny Satria
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Wound Healing Process ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Nih 3T3

AIM: This study aims to determine the effect of hydrolysed virgin coconut oil (HVCO) to increase cell proliferation, COX-2 expression of NIH 3T3. METHODS: The sample used was Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO). VCO was partially hydrolysed using lipase from Rhizomucor miehei (active on sn-1,3 position) to produce hydrolysed VCO (HVCO) composed of free fatty acids, 2-monoglycerides. Then acid value was determined. The effect of HVCO on proliferation was evaluated using the MTT method. Wound healing assay was established by a cell migration method, and COX-2 expression was determined using RT-PCR. RESULTS: Acid value is 135.89 ± 0.12 mg NaOH/g oil and free fatty acids (FFA) is 48.50 ± 0.06%. The effect of HVCO 62.5 µg/mL on cell proliferation after 24h, 48h, and 72h incubation found as viable cells are 109.24 ± 0.52%; 118.26 ± 0.91% and 106.59 ± 0.74%. Percent of wound closed after 24 h and 48 h incubation are 69.94 ± 0.54% and 100.00 ± 0.00%, and expression of COX-2 increased from 1 (control) to 1.83 (HVCO). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that HVCO is effective to increase cells proliferation and hence wound healing process.

scholarly journals The Effect of Giving Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) to Changes in Lauric Acid Levels in Breast Milk

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-243
Author(s):  
Ismul Sadly Putra ◽  
Joserizal Serudji
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
The Body ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Nutritional Components ◽  
Anti Fungal

Breastmilk (ASI) is the best food produced by the breast glands, containing all the nutritional elements needed by infants aged 0-6 months. Apart from nutrients, breast milk also has other non-nutritional components that act as immune factors for babies. Babies who are not exclusively breastfed will be more susceptible to chronic diseases, such as heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes as adults and can suffer from malnutrition and obesity. Dietary intake significantly affects milk production. The mother's diet can affect the composition of her milk through several metabolic pathways, especially the concentration of fatty acids and vitamins that are soluble in fat and water, including vitamins A, C, B6, and B12. Lauric acid contained in breast milk can help your minor fight infection and increase immunity to protect from various diseases. Not only for the baby, but virgin coconut oil is also starting to be commonly used by dieters. Virgin coconut oil contains lauric acid CH3 (CH2) 10COOH 50% and caprylic acid CH3 (CH2) 6COOH 7%. Both of these acids are medium-chain saturated fatty acids that are quickly metabolized and have anti-microbial properties. The benefits of virgin coconut oil (VCO) are that it is beneficial for the health of the body, including being antibacterial, antiviral, anti-fungal, and natural anti-protozoa; helps relieve symptoms and reduces health risks associated with diabetes, helps protect against osteoporosis, helps prevent high blood pressure, helps prevent liver disease, keeps the heart and blood vessels healthy, helps prevent cancer, helps you lose weight, maintain stamina, maintain healthy skin and hair.Keywords: Breastmilk, Lauric Acid, VCO

scholarly journals Analysis of Fatty Acids in Virgin Coconut Oil Frying at Various Temperatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Dewa Ayu Ika Pramitha ◽  
I Wayan Karta
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Medium Chain Triglyceride ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Cooking Oil

Fatty acid content from virgin coconut oil (VCO) is a medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) group. MCT is stable at very low and high temperatures, and the color does not turn black due to the addition of heat so that it can be developed into beneficial cooking oil for health. Therefore, a study was conducted on the content of fatty acids in VCO after being heated at temperatures of 150, 200, and 250°C for 60 minutes. Analysis of fatty acid content in control VCO(T0), VCO with heating temperatures of 150oC(T1), 200oC(T2), and 250oC(T3) was performed with GCMS QP-2010 Ultra.The results showed that there were differences in levels and types of fatty acids in VCO by treating T0, T1, T2, and T3. At these three temperatures still produce medium-chain saturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids are not produced, so that VCO can be utilized as cooking oil that has better stability and benefits for health.

scholarly journals Composition of Fatty Acid and Identification of Lauric Acid Position in Coconut and Palm Kernel Oils

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jansen Silalahi ◽  
Lida Karo Karo ◽  
Siti Morin Sinaga ◽  
Yosy Cinthya Eriwaty Silalahi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil

The nutritional value and biochemical properties of oil are measured by the fatty acids composition  in oil and the position of fatty acids (sn-1,2,3) in the triacylglycerol (TAG) molecule. The purpose of this study was to measure the nutritional value based on the fatty acids composition of  virgin coconut oil (VCO) and palm kernel oil (PKO), and the position of lauric acid in sn-2. The VCO used was VCO obtained from one of the Pharmacies store in Medan, and PKO from the Oil Processing Plant. The total fatty acid composition was measured by Gas Chromatography. The nutritional value of fat was evaluated by the percentage deviation from 33.33% (ratio: 1: 1: 1) of each group of fatty acid (saturated fatty acids; SFA: monounsaturated fatty acids; MUFA:polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). The distribution of lauric acid in TAG was conducted through hydrolysis by using specific lipase enzymes active at sn-1,3 positions, so that free fatty acids and 2-monoacylglycerol were produced from one TAG molecule. Then free fatty acids were determined by Gas Chromatography. The distribution of lauric acid at sn-2 position was the difference between total lauric acid on TAG before hydrolysis and free lauric acid from sn-1.3 position after hydrolysis. The results showed that PKO nutritional value was better because of the smaller deviation (95.29%) compared with nutritional value of VCO with a greater deviation (118.55%). Lauric acid in sn-2 from VCO and PKO showed that the distribution of lauric acid in sn-2 position was not different,48.33and 48.59%. Keywords: virgin coconut oil, palm kernel oil, composition of fatty acids, sn-2 position, lauric acids

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