scholarly journals HEPATOPROTECTIVE ROLE OF CISSUS QUADRANGULARIS ON LEAD ACETATE-INDUCED LIVER INJURY IN FEMALE WISTAR RATS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neethu Jayan ◽  
Susmita Das ◽  
Santhosh Kumar R ◽  
Sabina Evan Prince ◽  
Asha Devi
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Cissus Quadrangularis ◽  
Stem Extract

  Objectives: Several heavy metals like lead acetate can accumulate in the body due to exposure to the metal for a prolonged period. One of the possible mechanisms involved with lead toxicity is oxidative stress is for which liver is the target organ. The primary aim of this study was to examine the hepatoprotective role of methanolic stem extract from the herb Cissus quadrangularis on induced lead acetate liver injury in female Wistar rats.Methods: The course of the study was for 14 days. The animals were separated into 5 groups: two being control and negative and the other 3 groups based on the dosage of the methanolic extract of the plant was given. The dosage of the plant extract given was once daily for all days of course study. During the last 7 days, lead acetate was injected in the animals (25 mg/kg of body weight). The sacrifice was done 14 days later and the blood and liver samples were taken, which is then used for different antioxidant enzymatic assays.Results: Significant reduced (p < 0.05) antioxidant levels and increased lipid peroxidation levels were observed in lead acetate treated group which was ameliorated by the action of extract from Cissus quadrangularis fusiformis. Histopathological study also supported the finding.Conclusion: The results of the different antioxidant enzymatic assays supported the hepatoprotective role of methanolic stem extract of the plant Cissus quadrangularis over induced lead acetate injury in wistar female rats.

scholarly journals Lead acetate induced toxicities and antitoxic effect of Vitamin E and selenium in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
M. S. Jahan ◽  
M. S. Islam ◽  
M. Gautam ◽  
M. E. R. Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Premature Delivery ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Dose Dependent

Background: The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different dosages of lead in the hematological parameters of mice and to observe the antitoxic role of Vitamin E and Selenium in induced lead toxicities. Moreover, the toxic effect of lead in the reproduction of female mice was also examined. Methods: A total of 72 (48 male and 24 female) Swiss albino mice were used in the experiment. After adaptation, 42 male mice were selected for hematological studies and divided into seven groups (n=6) where Group A represented healthy control mice and Group B, C, and D were treated with lead acetate at the rate of 0.5mg/kg, 1mg/kg and 2mg/kg respectively. Similarly, three other groups B+, C+, and D+ were treated with lead acetate plus Vitamin E and Selenium at the rate of 2ml per liter drinking water. A total of 24 female mice were divided into four groups (n=6), group E represented control mice and Group F, G, and H were treated with lead acetate at the rate of 0.5mg/kg, 1mg/kg, and 2mg/kg for three weeks followed by matting and treatment was continued for another one week of gestation. Blood sample was analyzed from the hematological study group. Result: The lead treatment caused a dose-dependent decrease in the value of Hb and PCV significantly whereas the value of TEC and TLC were significantly decreased in Group C and D in relation to Control. The value of ESR increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner in Group D in relation to Control whereas MCV and MCH values were significantly decreased than that of control. The value of TEC, Hb, PCV, ESR, and TLC improved in the Lead plus Vitamin E- Selenium treated group as compared to the Lead treated group but, only Group C+ showed significant improvement as compared to Group C. The value of neutrophil and monocyte were significantly decreased were as lymphocyte and eosinophil were significantly increased relative to control. There was a dose-dependent effect of lead in pregnancy of female mice with the highest effect (premature delivery and infant mortality) on high dose treated mice. Conclusion: It can be concluded that lead has a great impact on hematological parameters and has an effect on various systems of the body. Premature birth and abortion are major effects of lead toxicity. Our results suggest that hemolysis of RBC and or impairment of erythropoiesis may be caused by lead toxicity and the hematological values can be restored by the use of Vitamin E plus Selenium.

Biosynthetic growth hormone changes the collagen and elastin contents and biomechanical properties of the rat aorta

1991 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemarie Brüel ◽  
Hans Oxlund
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Collagen Type ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Collagen Type I ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I

Abstract The biomechanical and biochemical properties of aortas from female rats treated with biosynthetic human GH (b-hGH) for 80 days were investigated. b-hGH was administered at a dose of 5 mg·kg−1·d−1. Treatment with b-hGH increased the body weight by 75% and the diameter of the aorta by 14% compared with the control group. The concentration of collagen and the relative amount of collagen type I were increased, and the concentration of elastin was decreased. Aortas from the b-hGH-treated group showed increased extensibility in the regions corresponding to physiological load values (i.e. 100-200 mmHg), and increased stiffness in regions with higher load values. The increased extensibility at low load values corresponds well with the loss of elastin, and the increased stiffness at higher load values with the increase of collagen and relative increase of collagen type I. These alterations induced by the growth hormone treatment might influence the elasticity and recoiling properties of the aorta.

scholarly journals Impact of lead acetate and sodium and potassium stearates on lipid peroxidation processes in the body of experimental animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-410
Author(s):  
Olha Ye. Fedoriv ◽  
Alexandra Ye. Kopach ◽  
Nataliia A. Melnyk
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Sodium Stearate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
White Female ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diene Conjugates ◽  
Group 2

Introduction. Given the significant prevalence of lead in the environment, research in this area has significant social and economic importance. Lead compounds are characterized by high toxicity and increased ability to cumulate in ecosystems, humans, and animals. Lead enters the human body with food, drinking water, atmospheric air, and smoking. Lead causes pathological changes in the nervous system, blood-forming organs, kidneys, etc. Materials and methods. The experiments were carried out on four groups of white female rats, each included seven animals, weighing 150-200 g. The first group of animals was a control. The second group consumed dechlorinated water from the city water supply, followed by lead acetate. The animals from the third and fourth groups drank the same water with sodium stearate and potassium stearate content in a dose of 1/250 LD50. After the 40th-day of the use of these waters, the animals were orally administered lead acetate at a dose of 7 mg/kg. The levels of lipid peroxidation biomarkers were studied by studying the content of diene conjugates (DC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in blood serum, liver, and kidney homogenates. Results. The administration of 1/2 acetate LD50 to lead in experimental rats drinking water with stearates was accompanied by a significant increase in the DCs concentration and (MDA) in animals. Higher concentrations of LPO products were observed in the group of animals that consumed water from potassium stearate. Conclusions. 1. With the oral administration of lead acetate against the background of drinking water containing stearates at a dose of 1/250 LD50, an increase in lipid peroxidation indices was noted compared with the control group. 2. Higher concentrations of LPO products were observed in the group of animals consuming water from potassium stearate.

scholarly journals The Role of Alcohol Consumption on Acetaminophen Induced Liver Injury: Implications from A Mathematical Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditi Ghosh ◽  
Isaac Berger ◽  
Christopher H. Remien ◽  
Anuj Mubayi
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chronic Alcohol ◽  
Single Time ◽  
Apap Overdose ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractAcetaminophen (APAP) overdose is one of the predominant causes of drug induced acute liver injury in the U.S and U.K. Clinical studies show that ingestion of alcohol may increase the risk of APAP induced liver injury. Chronic alcoholism may potentiate APAP hepatotoxicity and this increased risk of APAP toxicity is observed when APAP is ingested even shortly after alcohol is cleared from the body. However, clinical reports also suggest that acute alcohol consumption may have a protective effect against hepatotoxicity by inhibiting microsomal acetaminophen oxidation and thereby reducing N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) production. The aim of this study is to model this dual role of alcohol to determine how the timing of alcohol ingestion affects APAP metabolism and resulting liver injury and identify mechanisms of APAP induced liver injury. The mathematical model is developed to capture condition of a patient of single time APAP overdose who may be an acute or chronic alcohol user. The analysis suggests that the risk of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity is increased if APAP is ingested shortly after alcohol is cleared from the body in chronic alcohol users. A protective effect of acute consumption of alcohol is also observed in patients with APAP overdose. For example, simultaneous ingestion of alcohol and APAP overdose or alcohol intake after or before few hours of APAP overdose may result in less APAP-induced hepatotoxicity when compared to a single time APAP overdose. The rate of hepatocyte damage in APAP overdose patients depends on trade-off between induction and inhibition of CYP enzyme.

scholarly journals Effect of cadmium on the floor of the mouth on rats during lactation

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Cristina Picoli ◽  
Ii-Sei Watanabe ◽  
Ruberval Armando Lopes ◽  
Miguel Angel Sala ◽  
Fábio Picoli
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Epithelium ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Floor Of The Mouth

Cadmium (Cd) present in the air, drinking water and food has the potential to affect the health of people, mainly those who live in highly industrialized regions. Cd affects placental function, may cross the placental barrier and directly modify fetal development. It is also excreted into milk. The body is particularly susceptible to Cd exposure during perinatal period. The effect on rat oral epithelium (floor of the mouth) after continuous exposure to drinking water containing low levels of Cd during lactation was studied. Female rats were supplied with ad libitum drinking water containing 300 mg/l of CdCl2 throughout the whole lactation period. Control animals received a similar volume of water without Cd. Lactating rats (21 day-old) were killed by lethal dose of anesthetic. The heads were retrieved, fixed in "alfac" solution (alcohol, acetic acid and formaldehyde) for 24 h, serially sectioned in frontal plane, at the level of the first molars. The 6 µm sections were then stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Nuclear epithelium parameters were estimated, as well as cytoplasm and cell volume, nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, numeric and surface densities, and epithelial thickness. Mean body weight was 34.86 g for the control group and 18.56 g for the Cd-treated group. Histologically, the floor of the mouth epithelium was thinner in the treated group, with smaller and more numerous cells. In this experiment, Cd induced epithelial hypotrophy, indicating a direct action in oral mucosa cells, besides retarded development of the pups.

scholarly journals 7. Density of Lumbal Vertebrae Bone Ovariectomized Rat (Rattus Norvegicus) Given the Extract Sipatah – patah ( Cissus quadrangularis Salisb )

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Putri Dewi ◽  
Mustafa Sabri ◽  
Erdiansyah Rahmi ◽  
M Jalaluddin ◽  
Nuzul Asmilia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Density Level ◽  
Osteoblast Activity ◽  
Cissus Quadrangularis ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
High Level

The aims of this research was to determine the density level of lumbal vertebrae on ovariectomized rats administered with Cissus qudrangula Salisb stem extract with various doses. In this research twelve female rats were randomizedly divided into 4 groups with 3 treatment repetition. K1-groups were ovariectomized rats without Cissus quadrangula Salisb trunct extract administration; K2, K3, and K4, were ovariectomized and given with Cissus quadrangula Salisb extract  with 500 mg/kg/Bw, 700 mg/kg/Bw, and 900 mg/kg/Bw as doses perday for 30 days. On day-31, rats were euthanized using chloroform and the os lumbal-5 were collected, followed with histological preparations. Research parameters were the density of active osteoblasts, passive osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. The results showed that the damage in K1 was clearly marked with the high number of osteoclasts, K2 and K3 indicate lower osteoclasts levels than K1 and had repaired bone structure characterized with active cuboidal shaped  osteoblast  activity and passive flat shaped osteoblasts and K4 showed increasing  level of active osteoblasts. The administration of Cissus quadrangula Salisb stem extract at 900 mg/kg/bw for 30 days showed bone repair due to ovariectomy indicated with high level of active osteoblasts.

Involvement of prolactin in the onset of puberty in female rats

1984 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Gonzalez ◽  
F. López ◽  
E. Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Chronic Treatment ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Adrenal Weight ◽  
Vaginal Opening ◽  
Pituitary Glands

ABSTRACT Pimozide (1 mg/kg per day), bromocriptine (1 mg/kg per day) or domperidone (0·1 mg/kg per day) administered daily to rats from day 21 did not change the age at which vaginal opening occurred, nor did they affect the body weight at that age. Therefore the evolution of prolactin levels was different in these three groups. The pimozide-treated group showed high prolactin levels measured on day 23, at vaginal opening and at first oestrus. In the bromocriptine-treated group, levels were undetectable on the day of vaginal opening. Chronic treatment with domperidone failed to increase prolactin levels on day 23 and at vaginal opening. Nevertheless, large increases were observed after a single injection of domperidone at both 21 and 30 days of age. A significant increase in LH observed on day 23 in the pimozide-treated group was the only effect on gonadotrophin levels which was detected. Ovarian weights were unaffected by the treatments, whereas adrenal weight was increased in the bromocriptine-treated group and decreased in the pimozide- and domperidone-treated groups. Female rats grafted on day 21 with one additional pituitary gland from adult (90 days) or young (21 days) donors showed a similar advancement in the time of vaginal opening, although the animals bearing an adult pituitary gland showed higher prolactin levels than those observed in animals grafted with young pituitary glands. This study suggested that the onset of puberty is not closely linked with the evolution of prolactin levels and that the hormone itself is not indispensible for the process. J. Endocr. (1984) 101, 63–68

Protection by sildenafil and theophylline of lead acetate-induced oxidative stress in rat submandibular gland and saliva

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 587-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abdollahi ◽  
Fatemeh Fooladian ◽  
Bita Emami ◽  
Khatereh Zafari ◽  
Arezou Bahreini-Moghadam
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Thiol Groups ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Camp And Cgmp

The role of oxidative stress in lead toxicity has been proposed in many organs, however, no study has been performed in the salivary glands, which are important parts of the gastrointestinal tract with a high implication in health of the whole body. Recently, it has been proposed that increasing the levels of cGMP and cAMP in the cells may protect from the neurotoxicity of lead. The objective of this study was to determine the ability of lead acetate to produce oxidative stress in rat submandibular as the main salivary gland of the body and to study the role of pretreatment by specific phosphodiesterase inhibitors in the prevention of oxidative stress. Lead acetate (100 mg/kg), alone or in combination with theophylline (25 mg/kg) and sildenafil (5 mg/kg), was administered intraperitoneally to rats. After 2 hours and under general anaesthesia, the submandibular gland ducts were cannulated intraorally using microcannula, and pure saliva was collected for 30 min using pilocarpine (8 mg/kg) as a secretagogue. The submandibular glands were then isolated free under surgery. Oxidative stress in the gland and pure saliva were evaluated measuring lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay), total thiol groups content and total antioxidant capacity (the ferric reducing ability assay). Results showed significant oxidative stress in the gland and secretions as indicated by increased lipid peroxidation, decreased total antioxidant capacity and thiol group levels. The use of cAMP and cGMP phosodiesterase inhibitors, theophylline and sildenafil, prevented leadinduced increased lipid peroxidation and also protected from decreased thiol groups content and total antioxidant power of the gland and secretions. The same trend of effects was observed in gland and saliva. It is concluded that lead toxicity is mediated through oxidative stress in salivary glands, while increasing intracellular cAMP and cGMP levels may prevent lead-induced oxidative stress.

scholarly journals The role of oxygen intake and liver enzyme on the dynamics of damaged hepatocytes: Implications to ischaemic liver injury via a mathematical model

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0230833
Author(s):  
Aditi Ghosh ◽  
Claire Onsager ◽  
Andrew Mason ◽  
Leon Arriola ◽  
William Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Real Time ◽  
The Body ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Intake ◽  
Serum Aminotransferase ◽  
Time Dynamics ◽  
Novel Approach

Ischaemic Hepatitis (IH) or Hypoxic Hepatitis (HH) also known as centrilobular liver cell necrosis is an acute liver injury characterized by a rapid increase in serum aminotransferase. The liver injury typically results from different underlying medical conditions such as cardiac failure, respiratory failure and septic shock in which the liver becomes damaged due to deprivation of either blood or oxygen. IH is a potentially lethal condition that is often preventable if diagnosed timely. The role of mechanisms that cause IH is often not well understood, making it difficult to diagnose or accurately quantify the patterns of related biomarkers. In most patients, currently, the only way to determine a case of IH is to rule out all other possible conditions for liver injuries. A better understanding of the liver’s response to IH is necessary to aid in its diagnosis, measurement, and improve outcomes. The goal of this study is to identify mechanisms that can alter associated biomarkers for reducing the density of damaged hepatocytes, and thus reduce the chances of IH. We develop a mathematical model capturing dynamics of hepatocytes in the liver through the rise and fall of associated liver enzymes aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) related to the condition of IH. The model analysis provides a novel approach to predict the level of biomarkers given variations in the systemic oxygen in the body. Using IH patient data in the US, novel model parameters are described and then estimated for the first time to capture real-time dynamics of hepatocytes in the presence and absence of IH condition. The results may allow physicians to estimate the extent of liver damage in an IH patient based on their enzyme levels and receive faster treatment on a real-time basis.

scholarly journals Low intensity ultrasound effects over osteopenic female rats bones

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Cristina Leite de Carvalho ◽  
Alberto Cliquet Jr
Keyword(s):  
Treated Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Femoral Diaphysis ◽  
Pulsed Ultrasound ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Intensity Ultrasound

Several studies have already shown the beneficial effects of low intensity pulsed ultrasound on osteogenesis in fracture cases. However, few reports have related the ultrasound action in bone with some injury but without fracture. Thus, we induced a rat osteopenia model by ovariectomy and the proximal third of rat femur was stimulated by ultrasound (200mus burst of 1.5 MHz sine waves repeated at 1.0 kHz, 30mW/cm², SATA) for 20 min/day, during 20 days. After the treatment period, the body weight was significantly higher in the non-treated group than the treated one. No significant difference in bone mineral content was detected among the groups (p > 0.05). Also, no significant difference was noted in the mechanical properties of the femoral diaphysis. However, histologic investigations showed that the treated femur presented less microarchitectural deterioration than the non-treated group. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the treated group did show recent bone formation which was not there in the non-treated group. These results suggest that the low intensity ultrasound can interfere in a positive way on osteoporosis.

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