scholarly journals EFFICACY OF EUPHORBIA HETEROPHYLLA LATEX AGAINST PATHOGENIC BACTERIA AND FUNGI

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
PRUTHVI ML ◽  
MAHESH MK ◽  
ROHINI SAHAYA MARY
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the antimicrobial activities of Euphorbia heterophylla latex. Methods: The antibacterial and antifungal activities of acetone, chloroform, and diethyl ether extracts were assayed by disk diffusion method. Results: The study of plant E. heterophylla latex revealed the presence of medically active metabolites. Bacterial strains such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus vulgaris, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited a strong zone of inhibition. Acetone extract exerts a potent zone of inhibition against P. aeruginosa compared to tetracycline. Fungi, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, and Penicillium sp., were used for the antifungal activity. It was observed that the highest zone of inhibition was noticed against A. niger in all the extracts. Interestingly, F. oxysporum and Penicillium sp. showed no zone of inhibition and were resistant to standard drug, fluconazole which was used as a control. Conclusion: E. heterophylla latex extract was found to be more potent than the standard drugs which were used against both the bacterial and fungal strains.

Antimicrobial Effect of Brazillian Propolis/Polycaprolactone Polymer on some Human Pathogenic Bacteria

2012 ◽  
Vol 506 ◽  
pp. 537-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sanpa ◽  
Krit Sutjarittangtham ◽  
Tawee Tunkasiri ◽  
Sukum Eitssayeam ◽  
P. Chantawannakul
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
Human Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Polymer Nanofiber ◽  
History Of Use

The antimicrobial activities of propolis against some bacterial strains have been studied. However, there are few reports on biopolymers from propolis. Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a biodegradable polymer that has a long history of use in the biomedical field. In this work, the polymer nanofiber was grown from a Brazillian propolis extract solution on PCL using an electrospinning technique. Antimicrobial activities were investigated by the disc diffusion method. The propolis extract and polymer nanofiber could inhibit some human pathogenic bacteria. In addition, the inhibitory effects on tested microorganism depended on the concentration of propolis extract mixed with the polymer nanofiber. Such properties of the propolis/PCL nanofiners can be further developed for biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Extraction and Isolation of Compound from Roots of Kniphofia pumila, and Its Antibacterial Activities in Combination with Zinc Chloride

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 631-638
Author(s):  
Dele ABDISSA ◽  
Gezahegn FAYE ◽  
Melkamu FAYERA ◽  
Shiferaw DEMISSIE
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Pure Compound ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Isolated Compound

Kniphofia pumila has been traditionally used for the treatment of different diseases in Oromiya regional state, western part of Ethiopia. Thus, the main objective of this study was to extract bioactive natural products from the roots of K. pumila and perform in vitro antibacterial activity tests against selected pathogens. Extraction of compound from the roots of K. pumila was carried out by maceration method at room temperature and its antibacterial activity was done using agar disc diffusion method. The crude extracts alone and along with ZnCl2 were tested against pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli (ATCC 25722), Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae (DSM 19613), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25925) and Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC 13311). Following its promising activity, the acetone crude extract that have shown better antibacterial activity was subjected to column chromatography for isolation of pure compound. Hence, one pure compound (GZ-1) was obtained from acetone crude extract. Meanwhile, the antibacterial activities of the isolated compound alone and in combination with ZnCl2 were also performed against all aforementioned bacterial strains. Then, isolated compound was characterized by using NMR spectroscopic techniques such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and, 2D NMR, so as to establish its structure as 3’-acetyl-2’,6’-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl-1,8-dihydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone, trivial name knipholone. Finally, GZ-1 was isolated from the roots of K. pumila and it was noted that the antibacterial activities of ZnCl2 in combination with crude extract as well as with isolated compound against E. coli (ATCC 25722), S. aureus (ATCC 25925) and S. Typhimurium (ATCC 13311) bacterial strains showed remarkable results which were greater than the antibacterial activity of the positive standard drug (gentamycin). To sum up, from the chromatographic isolation of roots acetone extract of K. pumila one pure compound (knipholone) was obtained. Its antibacterial activity was also evaluated in combination with ZnCl2 salt and alone.

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Canavalia gladiata

2021 ◽  
pp. 6507-6510
Author(s):  
Sai Koteswar Sarma ◽  
D. Umamaheswari ◽  
B. R. Balakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Canavalia Gladiata ◽  
Unstable Molecules ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

The present study deals with the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Canavalia gladiata. Antioxidant activity by nitric oxide and DPPH methods reveals that methanol extract of Canavalia gladiata shows good results when compared to the aqueous extract. It indicates that methanol extract of Canavalia gladiata shows maximum percentage of inhibition when compared to the standard drug (Ascorbic acid).Antioxidants help to neutralize free radicals, which are unstable molecules that are linked to the development of a number of degenerative diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disesase, cognitive impairment immune dysfunction, cataract and macular degeneration. Antibacterial activity by Agar well diffusion method reveals that methanol extract of Canavalia gladiata shows better results when compared to the aqueous extract. It indicates that methanol extract of Canavalia gladiata shows maximum zone of inhibition when compared to the the standard drug (chloramphenicol).

scholarly journals PROBIOTIC SUPPLEMENTS ARE SURPRISINGLY DEVOID OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE [University of Findlay]

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Kelly ◽  
Hannah McColl ◽  
Leandra Hess ◽  
Robert Charvat
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Natural Microbiota

The normal intestinal microflora plays pivotal roles in aiding with digestion, stimulating the immune system, and providing protection from enteric pathogens. Despite the importance of these organisms, they are often an innocent bystander, caught in the crossfire during antibiotic treatments intended to target and eliminate invading infectious agents. The collateral damage of antibiotic therapy is a reduction in the population of beneficial bacteria as well as an increased risk for more severe infections, including Clostridium difficile. Additionally, the unpleasant condition termed antibiotic-associated diarrhea is an unfortunate consequence of such treatments. In an attempt to alleviate the intestinal distress, individuals are turning to probiotic supplements, which consist of non-pathogenic bacteria purported to provide various health benefits, such as digestive regularity, prevention of disease, and replenishment of the natural microbiota of the human intestinal tract. However, if the bacterial strains present in the physician-recommended probiotic supplements are overly sensitive to antibiotics, then they would fail to reestablish the intestinal microflora during the course of treatment. The purpose of this project was to test the hypothesis that bacterial strains contained within probiotics are resistant to a variety of common antibiotics. Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed for several over-the-counter probiotic supplements via the Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion method on medium specific for lactobacilli propagation. After measuring the zones of inhibition, the probiotics were surprisingly sensitive to two-thirds of the antibiotics tested, with the observed growth inhibition greatly exceeding predetermined standards for susceptibility. These results suggest that concomitantly taking probiotic supplements during a course of antibiotics is likely futile for replenishing the intestinal microbiota. We intend to expand the study to include additional antibiotics and supplements of varying formulations in an attempt to gain insight into which strains may exhibit the least sensitivity and be the most effective for recolonization of the gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana and Paederia foetida Plant Leaves’ Extracts Against Some Selected Bacterial Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Arnaba S Chaity ◽  
Tamanna Nasrin ◽  
Khandker J Ferdouse ◽  
Md. Fazlul Haque ◽  
Md. Asadul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Kalanchoe Blossfeldiana ◽  
Paederia Foetida ◽  
Kalanchoë Blossfeldiana

There is an alternative approach to control the infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria, especially resistant bacteria. This study was designed to determine the antimicrobial activities of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana and Paederia foetida plants’ extracts against some selected bacterial strains. K. blossfeldiana and P. foetida leaves were extracted in methanol. In vitro antibacterial activities were evaluated against 12 bacterial strains including, Staphylococcus gallinarum, Staphylococcus sciuri, Streptococcus constellatus, Streptococcus iniae, Aeromonas diversa, Xanthomonas campestris, Xanthomonas axonopodis, Siccibacter colletis, Edwardsiella anguillarum, Aeromonas cavernicola, Enterobacter xiangfangensis, and Vibrio rotiferianus. Antimicrobial activities were screened by the disk diffusion method. In addition, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using broth dilution method. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 statistical software. In antimicrobial screening, both the plant extracts showed highest inhibition (15 mm zone diameter) against S. gallinarum at the concentration of 20 μg/disk and 15 μg/disk, respectively. In the MIC test, both K. blossfeldiana and P. foetida leaves’ extracts showed the lowest MIC value of 100 μg/ml on V. rotiferianus and S. iniae, respectively. From the above findings, it can be concluded that the extracts may be used as a natural antibacterial agent for the treatment of some bacterial diseases. Further investigations on the chemical composition and possible isolation of active ingredients are warranted.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Compositions and Antimicrobial Activities of Citrus sinensis and Citrus aurantifolia Peels on Selected Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Jollof Rice

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mojisola Abiola Asowata-Ayodele ◽  
Peter Anani Dabesor ◽  
Bolaji Afolabi
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Orange Peels ◽  
Peel Extract

Aims: The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial activities of aqueous and ethanolic (EtOH) extracts of orange (C. sinensis Pers.) and lime (C.aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle) peels on some selected pathogenic bacteria isolated from jollof rice. Study Design: Antimicrobial analysis, phytochemical analysis Place and Duration of Study: Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Wesley University Ondo, Ondo State, Nigeria, between June and July 2017. Methodology: Antimicrobial analysis of aqueous and EtOH extracts prepared from orange and lime peels were done by using the agar well diffusion method against the selected pathogenic bacteria. The extracts were screened for anti-nutrients such as alkaloids, tannins, oxalate, phytate and glycosides. Results: The EtOH extracts of orange peel showed a remarkable zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli (23.5 ± 0.1 mm) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (11.4 ± 0.0 mm) and Bacillus cereus (9.8 ± 0.0 mm). Whereas, the aqueous extracts of orange showed no zone of inhibition against the tested pathogenic bacteria. In addition the EtOH peel extract of lime showed maximum zone of inhibition against  S. aureus (15.5 ± 0.0 mm) followed by E. coli (14.3 ± 0.1 mm) and B. cereus (12.1 ± 0.2 mm), whereas its aqueous peel extract showed no zone of inhibition against K. pneumonia, S. aureus, E. coli and B. cereus. Both EtOH extracts of orange and lime peels showed no zone of inhibition against K. pneumonia. Streptomycin, the reference antibiotic, had no zone of inhibition against B. cereus and S. aureus whereas it recorded maximum zone of inhibition against E. coli (24.0 ± 0.0 mm) and K. pneumonia (25.1 ± 0.1 mm). The phytochemical analysis showed presence of oxalate, alkaloids, phytate, tannins and glycoside in the aqueous and EtOH extracts of lime and orange peels. The antimicrobial activities of EtOH extracts of both lime and orange peels demonstrated inhibitory effect against the targeted organisms such as B. cereus, S. aureus and E. coli. Conclusion: The exploration of novel antimicrobial agents from natural resources such as plant like Lime and sweet orange as food preservative is due to the presence of various secondary metabolites.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROFILE OF SOME NEWER HETEROCYCLES BEARING THIAZOLE MOIETY

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
RAJUL GUPTA ◽  
Neeraj Kumar FULORIA ◽  
Shivkanya FULORIA
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Acetic Anhydride ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Various substituted acetophenones on treatment. with iodine and thiourea yielded 2-amino-4-( substituted-phenyl)-thiazole, which on further treatment with acetic anhydride generated N-(4-(substituted phenyl)thiazol-2-ylacetamide(1-5). All the synthesized compounds were characterized by their respective FTIR, 1H NMR, and mass data. Synthesized compounds (l, 2, 3, 4, 5) when subjected to investigation for their antimicrobial activities i.e. antibacterial and antifungal studies against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus fumigatus by disk diffusion method, revealed that compound 2 deemed to be most potent with the largest zone of inhibition.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Analgesic, Antidiarrhoeal and Antimicrobial Activities of Methanol and Acetone Extracts of Fruits Peels of Limonia acidissima L. (Rutaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-s) ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
Fahadul Islam ◽  
A.K. Azad ◽  
Md. Faysal ◽  
Md. A.K. Azad ◽  
Saiful Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Limonia Acidissima ◽  
Acetone Extracts

Objectives: Present study was designed to evaluate Analgesic, Antidiarrhoeal and Antimicrobial activities of methanol and acetone extracts of fruit peels of Limonia acidissima L. by different methods. Method: The analgesic activity of the samples was studied using acetic acid- induced writhing model in mice. Castor oil-induced antidiarrheal activity was observed by Thomas method and antimicrobial activity was monitored by disc diffusion method. Results: Limonia acidissima L. inhibited 60.53 % and 59.65 % writhing of methanol as well as acetone fruit peels extracts, respectively, compared to standard drug Diclofenac Na inhibited 78.07 % writhing. At higher dose (500 mg/kg) of the methanol and acetone fruit peels extracts, significant inhibition 47.13 and 44.83 % of characteristic diarrhoeal feces was observed, respectively, as well as at lower dose (250 mg/kg) of the both extracts, inhibition 34.45 and35.63 %. Mention able on average 12mm zone of inhibition was observed of both extract at 250µg/disc and 500µg/disc compare to zone of inhibition 36mm of ciprofloxacin at 50µg/disc. Conclusion: From the above results, it will be very much possible source for an isolating lead compound for curing the numerous disorders. Keywords: Limonia acidissima L. Fruit peels, Diclofenac sodium, Loperamide, Ciprofloxacin.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activities of isolated probiotics and their metabolites against some pathogenic microorganisms

IIUC Studies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abu Sayeed ◽  
Altaf Hossen ◽  
Repon Saha ◽  
Md Jakaria
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Antibacterial Property ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

The study was aimed to finding the antimicrobial activities among probiotics isolated from different yoghurts and their metabolites against some common bacterial pathogens. The nutrient agar media overlay method (Disc diffusion Method) was used to determine the presence of antibacterial effects among the isolated probiotics. Probiotics produced potential antibacterial activities against several pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The maximum antibacterial property (13.5 mm of zone of inhibition) of bacterial strain found against Salmonella paratyphi. Conversly, bacterial metabolites produced maximum effect (10.3 mm of zone of inhibition) against Staphylocuccos aureaus. The antibacterial effect is one of the most important criteria for probiotics selection, and the verified antibacterial activities of the probiotics supports the development of these functional foods as a key to the enhancement of health in the consuming public.IIUC Studies Vol.14(1) June 2017: 21-28

scholarly journals Microbial Growth as Determinant of Antibiotic Production with Biotic Elicitors Stimulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Citra Hardiyanti ◽  
Khairullinas Khairullinas ◽  
Jeky Sasemar Lumban ◽  
Titania Tjandrawati Nugroho ◽  
Yuana Nurulita
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Biotic Elicitor

An antibiotic-resistant and multidrug-resistant (MDR) issue open the role of researchers to continue to search for natural potential as a source of new antimicrobials. One of the potential fungi isolates that can produce antimicrobial active compounds from Indonesian tropical peat soils is Penicillium sp. LBKURCC34. In this study, the production of antimicrobial compounds from local isolates was carried out by batch fermentation method in liquid media with the addition of biotic elicitors to increase the extraction activity and yield. This study aims to optimize the results based on the time the elicitor is added. Staphylococcus aureus was used as a biotic elicitor, which was added on days 2, 3, and 4 in the production of antibiotics by fermentation incubation of 6-14 days. The antibiotic production media was extracted with ethyl acetate and evaporated. The antimicrobial test was carried out by the disk diffusion method against pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis using three crude extract contents (19; 38; and 57 µg/disc). Amoxicillin® was used as a positive control (10 µL/disc). The results showed that the addition of S. aureus biotic elicitor extended the log phase growth of the fungus Penicillium sp. LBKURCC34. The optimum condition of production was obtained by adding initiator treatment on the 3rd day for 14 days incubation with the highest yield and could inhibit the growth of all pathogenic microbes.

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