scholarly journals Ethnobotanical Study of Underutilized Wild Edible Fruits and their Antibacterial Activity against Human Pathogens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Ch. Biswas ◽  
Pranab Dutta ◽  
Purnima Barua ◽  
Tarun Kr. Misra ◽  
Subrata Das
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Ethnobotanical Study ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Wild Edible Fruits

Nine underutilized wild edible fruits collected from four districts of Tripura, a North-Eastern state of India were studied for the antibacterial properties against five (5) human pathogens, Escherichia coli (Gram–Ve, ATCC-2522), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram–Ve, ATCC-27853), Salmonella typhi (Gram –Ve, ATCC-14028), Staphylococcus aureus (Gram +Ve, ATCC-25923) and Klebsiella pneumonia (Gram–Ve, ATCC-700603) by disk diffusion method. Besides, the folk medicinal values and their ethnobotanical importance are also reported. Out of the nine (9) wild edible fruits, C. macroptera and S. dulcis showed the least antibacterial effect against all the bacterial pathogens under the present study. On the other hand, G. gummi-gutta and A. lacucha showed considerable antibacterial effects against all of the bacterial pathogens with the highest zone of inhibition against E. coli, followed by P. aeruginosa. Selective inhibitory effect of some of the wild edible fruits was also observed against the targeted pathogens. This study paves the way for using the underutilized wild fruits of the North-Eastern region of India as a potential source of antipathogenic activity of human pathogens. Further, a detailed study may help in identifying the bioactive compound of industrial importance.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Antimicrobial Activity of Commercially Available Herbal Toothpastes on Microorganisms Associated with Diabetes Mellitus

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 924-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reena Kulshrestha ◽  
J Kranthi ◽  
P Krishna Rao ◽  
Feroz Jenner ◽  
V Abdul Jaleel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

ABSTRACT Aim The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of commercially available herbal toothpastes against the different periodontopathogens. Materials and methods Six herbal toothpastes that were commonly commercially available were included in the study. Colgate herbal, Babool, Meswak, Neem active, Dabur red toothpastes were tested for the study whereas sterile normal saline was used as control. Antimicrobial efficacies of dentifrices were evaluated against Streptococcus mutans and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. The antimicrobial properties of dentifrices were tested by measuring the maximum zone of inhibition at 24 hours on the Mueller Hinton Agar media inoculated with microbial strain using disk diffusion method. Each dentifrice was tested at 100% concentration (full strength). Results The study showed that all dentifrices selected for the study were effective against the entire test organism but to varying degree. Neem active tooth paste gave a reading of 25.4 mm as the zone of inhibition which was highest amongst all of the test dentifrices. Colgate Herbal and Meswak dentifrices recorded a larger maximum zone of inhibition, measuring 23 and 22.6 mm respectively, compared to other toothpastes. All other dentifrices showed the zone of inhibition to be between 17 and 19 mm respectively. Conclusion The antibacterial properties of six dentifrices were studied in vitro and concluded that almost all of the dentifrices available commercially had antibacterial properties to some extent to benefit dental health or antiplaque action. How to cite this article Jenner F, Jaleel VA, Kulshrestha R, Maheswar G, Rao PK, Kranthi J. Evaluating the Antimicrobial Activity of Commercially Available Herbal Toothpastes on Microorganisms Associated with Diabetes Mellitus. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):924-929.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAN FRAKSI KULIT BATANG BELIMBING WULUH (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Klebsiella pneumoniae DAN Staphylococcus epidermidis BESERTA BIOAUTOGRAFINYA

Biomedika ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Muhtadi , MSi. ◽  
Ria Ambarwati ◽  
Ratna Yuliani
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Water Fraction

Belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) is a tropical plant that has antibacterial properties. The purpose of this study was to test the antibacterial activity of bark Belimbing wuluh against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus epidermidis and their bioautography. Extraction methods used to research is method maceration with a solvent ethanol 96 %. Fractinations done by method partition liquid-liquid with a separating funnel. Test performed in this research covering identi� cation bacteria, the sensitivity bacteria, antibacterial activity, thin layer chromatography, bioautography. The result of antibacterial activity ethanol extract of disk diffusion method with concentrations 400 μg/disk, 800 μg/disk, 1600 μg/disk is 8±0,5; 10,34±0,58; 12,17±0,76 on Klebsiella pneumoniae, 10,17±0,29; 11±0; 11.5±0 on Staphylococcus epidermidis, n-hexane fraction with concentration 400 μg/disk, 800 μg/disk, 1600 μg/disk is 8,34±0,29; 9,34±0,29; 10,84±0,76 on Klebsialla pneumoniae, 8,5±0,5; 9,34±0,29; 10,67±0,29 on Staphylococcus epidermidis, ethyl acetate fraction with concentration 400 μg/disk, 800 μg/disk, 1600 μg/disk is 9,17±0,29; 10,34±0,29; 11,17±0,29 on Klebsiella pneumoniae and 9,5±0,5; 10,67±0,29; 12,67±1,26 on Staphylococcus epidermidis, ethanol-water fractions with concentration 400 μg/disk, 800 μg/ disk, 1600 μg/disk is 8,17±0,29; 9,17±0,29; 10±0 on Klebsiella pneumoniae, 9±0; 9,67±0,29; 10,34±0,29 on Staphylococcus epidermidis. The TLC show chemical compounds contained in the ethanol extract, n-heksan fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and ethanol-water fraction is a compound of the saponins, alkaloids, � avonoids and phenolic. Bioautography showed that ethanol extracts, n-heksan faction, ethyl acetate fraction, and etanol-airfaction Belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) bark have not antibacterial activity because there is no clear area around on plate TLC.Keywords: Belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.), ethanol extract, fractination, antibacterial, bioautogra� .

scholarly journals Antibacterial and Toxicity Evaluation of Eastern Medicine Formulation Eczegone for the Management of Eczema

Dose-Response ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 155932582095679
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amjad Chishti ◽  
Ejaz Mohi-Ud-Din ◽  
Shahbaz Ahmad Zakki ◽  
Muhammad Rahil Aslam ◽  
Sheraz Siddiqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Lawsonia Inermis ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Skin Keratinocytes

The present study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial activity, in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity, cell viability and safety of Eastern Medicine coded medicinal formulation Eczegone comprising extracts of Azadirachta indica (Azin) , Fumaria indica (Fuin) , Sphaeranthus indicus (Spin) and Lawsonia inermis (Lain). This work also evaluated antibacterial activity of Eczegone formulation having above mentioned plants ethanolic extracts against different bacteria’s by disk diffusion method. In vitro toxicity of Eczegone formulation was investigated by using human skin keratinocytes HaCaT cell line, crystal violet stained cells, and methyl tetrazolium cytotoxicity (MTT) assay. In vivo acute oral and dermal cytotoxicity was determined by using Swiss albino mice and albino rabbits, respectively. The Eczegone formulation showed antibacterial activity against 3 gram negative bacteria including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus vulgaris and a gram positive Staphylococcus aureus. We didn’t observe any toxic effect of Eczegone formulation on the skin keratinocytes. Furthermore, the Ezcegone formulation was non-irritant according to draize score (OECD TG404, 2002). After rigorous safety evaluation by in vitro and in vivo acute oral and dermal toxicity analysis, we concluded that Eczegone formualtion possessses antibacterial effects and is safe, non-toxic, non-irritant, and the drug would be subjected for further biochemical and clinical studies.

scholarly journals In Vitro Efficacy of Essential Oils from Melaleuca Alternifolia and Rosmarinus Officinalis, Manuka Honey-based Gel, and Propolis as Antibacterial Agents Against Canine Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius Strains

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
Gabriele Meroni ◽  
Elena Cardin ◽  
Charlotte Rendina ◽  
Valentina Rafaela Herrera Millar ◽  
Joel Fernando Soares Filipe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius ◽  
Tea Tree

Essential oils (EOs) and honeybee products (e.g., honey and propolis) are natural mixtures of different volatile compounds that are frequently used in traditional medicine and for pathogen eradication. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) EO (TTEO), Rosmarinus officinalis EO (ROEO), manuka-based gel, and propolis against 23 strains of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (SP) isolated from canine pyoderma. Antimicrobial resistance screening was assessed using a panel of nine antimicrobial agents coupled with a PCR approach. An aromatogram was done for both EOs, using the disk diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for all the compounds. Among the 23 SP strains, 14 (60.9%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR), 11 strains (47.8%) were methicillin-resistant (MRSP), and 9 (39.1%) were non-MDR. The mean diameter of the inhibition zone for Melaleuca and Rosmarinus were 24.5 ± 8.8 mm and 15.2 ± 8.9 mm, respectively, resulting as statistically different (p = 0.0006). MIC values of TTEO and ROEO were similar (7.6 ± 3.2% and 8.9 ± 2.1%, respectively) and no statistical significances were found. Honeybee products showed lower MIC compared to those of EOs, 0.22 ± 0.1% for Manuka and 0.8 ± 0.5% for propolis. These findings reveal a significant antibacterial effect for all the tested products.

Effect of Synthesized Ag Nanoparticles by Using the Different Amounts of Polyvinylpyrrolidone for Ag-Natural Rubber Hybrid Sheets and their Antibacterial Properties

2017 ◽  
Vol 751 ◽  
pp. 270-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warot Prasanseang ◽  
Chaval Sriwong ◽  
Kittisak Choojun
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Mean

Ag-natural rubber (Ag-NR) hybrid sheets were successfully prepared with a very simple and low cost method. In this method, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were firstly synthesized by a rapid and green microwave-assisted using polyvinylpyrroridone (PVP) media. The effect of PVP weight ratios towards the size of AgNPs was also investigated. Then, Ag-NR hybrid sheet samples were prepared by latex mixing-casting method using concentrated natural rubber (NR) latex with the synthesized AgNPs colloids. The characteristic absorption, particles sizes and shapes of the obtained AgNPs were examined through UV-vis, TEM and SAED. Also, the prepared Ag-NR sheet samples were characterized using XRD, FT-IR, SEM and EDS techniques. It was found that the particles sizes of all the synthesized AgNPs had spherical-like shape, and the mean sizes were increased from 29.7 to 90.4 nm upon increasing PVP contents. EDS results showed the AgNPs were well-dispersed and impregnated into the rubber matrix. Moreover, the antibacterial properties of the prepared Ag-NR sheets were tested by agar disk-diffusion method with Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) and Escherichia coli(E. coli), respectively. The results showed that the hybrid sheets exhibited excellent antibacterial properties against these bacteria, in which the zones of inhibition were also dependent on the synthesized AgNPs by utilizing the different amounts of PVP.

scholarly journals In Vitro Assessment of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Chitosan from Scylla serrata Against the Human Pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeetha B ◽  
Indra V ◽  
Abdul Rahim M ◽  
Venkadachalam E
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Scylla Serrata ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Crab Shell ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Chitosan, a polysaccharide derivative of chitin forms the structural components in the exoskeletons of crustacean animals and is also found in the cell walls of fungi. Chitosan is produced primarily from the crab shell waste through chemical means. The chemical structure of chitosan has been identified and characterized by FT-IR and XRD. In the current study, the antimicrobial activity of chemically deacetylated chitosan extracts of mud crabs (Scylla serrata) was evaluated against five human pathogenic isolates viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar disc diffusion method. These were performed to determine the crystallinity and functional properties of chitosan. The results showed that the antibacterial effect increased with increasing chitosan concentration. This study showed that chitosan isolated from crab shell has potential antibacterial activity therefore it can be utilized in the food and pharmaceutical industries, and that antibacterial activity may be due to functional groups present in the crab shell.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of Gooseberry and Wild Apple fruit juices of the northeast region of India

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kapil Punjabi ◽  
Vidushi K. Chitalia ◽  
Tehmeena Mukadam ◽  
Jaishankar Sharma ◽  
Jinesh Maniar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Wild Fruits ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

<span>A large number of wild fruits belonging to the North Eastern region of India are considered to be nutritionally abundant and traditionally used for the treatment of various ailments. In the present study, juices of Gooseberry and Wild Apple have been evaluated for their antimicrobial activity in its consumable form as a potential source of natural anti-infective agent. The fruit juices were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities qualitatively, using the agar well diffusion method followed by quantitative assessment by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). The study revealed that both the fruit juices exhibited broad spectrum antibacterial activity. Considerable activity against drug resistant pathogens such as Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE) and Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBL) producing Gram Negative bacteria (GNB) was observed. Thus, this study highlights the antibacterial efficacy of Wild Apple and Gooseberry fruit juices and augments the beneficiary properties of highly nutritional fruit juices that are specific to the Indian region.</span>

scholarly journals Caseinate-Stabilized Emulsions of Black Cumin and Tamanu Oils: Preparation, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urbánková ◽  
Kašpárková ◽  
Egner ◽  
Rudolf ◽  
Korábková
Keyword(s):  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Sodium Caseinate ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
High Shear ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Black Cumin ◽  
Spoilage Bacteria ◽  
High Shear Homogenization

Caseinate-stabilized emulsions of black cumin (Nigella sativa) and tamanu (Calophyllum inophyllum) oils were studied in terms of preparation, characterization, and antibacterial properties. The oils were described while using their basic characteristics, including fatty acid composition and scavenging activity. The oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions containing the studied oils were formulated, and the influence of protein stabilizer (sodium caseinate (CAS), 1–12 wt%), oil contents (5–30 wt%), and emulsification methods (high-shear homogenization vs sonication) on the emulsion properties were investigated. It was observed that, under both preparation methods, emulsions of small, initial droplet sizes were predominantly formed with CAS content that was higher than 7.5 wt%. Sonication was a more efficient emulsification procedure and was afforded emulsions with smaller droplet size throughout the entire used concentration ranges of oils and CAS when compared to high-shear homogenization. At native pH of ~ 6.5, all of the emulsions exhibited negative zeta potential that originated from the presence of caseinate. The antibacterial activities of both oils and their emulsions were investigated with respect to the growth suppression of common spoilage bacteria while using the disk diffusion method. The oils and selected emulsions were proven to act against gram positive strains, mainly against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Bacillus cereus (B. cereus); regrettably, the gram negative species were fully resistant against their action.

scholarly journals QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF DURIO ZIBETHINUS MURR. LEAVES

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Sridevi Chigurupati ◽  
Jahidul Islam Mohammad ◽  
Shantini Vijayabalan ◽  
Narmatha Devi Vaipuri ◽  
Kesavanarayanan Krishnan Selvarajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antimicrobial Potential ◽  
Durio Zibethinus

Objectives: Current research is aimed to investigate the natural antimicrobial potential of Durio zibethinus murr. ethanol leaves extract (DZL).Methods: DZL was subjected to the preliminary phytochemical screening along with quantitative analysis of phenols and flavonoids. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were recorded. The agar well diffusion method was used to measure the antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. The microorganisms used for the study were the ATCC strains of Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli.Results: DZL exhibited the highest MIC of 0.1mg/mL and MBC of 0.25 mg/mL against gram negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. At MIC of 0.1mg/mL, DZL displayed significant zone of inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli compared to gentamycin.Conclusion: This research has shown that DZL has natural antibacterial properties against gram negative human pathogens.

scholarly journals High Efficacy of Ozonated Oils on the Removal of Biofilms Produced by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from Infected Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 3601
Author(s):  
Vanessa Silva ◽  
Cecília Peirone ◽  
Joana S. Amaral ◽  
Rosa Capita ◽  
Carlos Alonso-Calleja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Foot Ulcers ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcers ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Ozone has a high wound healing capacity and antibacterial properties and can be used as a complementary treatment in infections. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is the most common pathogen found in infected diabetic foot ulcers. Most of MRSA are resistant to several classes of antibiotics and, therefore, there is a need for new, effective, and well-tolerated agents. Thus, we aimed evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm potentials of ozonated vegetable oils against MRSA strains isolated from diabetic foot ulcers. Six ozonated oils were produced with concentrations of ozone ranging from 0.53 to 17 mg of ozone/g of oil. The peroxide values were determined for each oil. Ozonated oils content on fatty acid was determined by gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method and the effect of ozonated oils on biofilm formation ability and on established biofilms was investigated. In general, the content in identified unsaturated fatty acid in oils decreased with the increase of ozonation time and, consequently, the peroxide value increased. Most bacterial strains were inhibited by ozonated oil at a concentration of 4.24 mg/g. Ozonated oils had moderate to high ability to remove adhered cells and showed a high capacity to eradicate 24 h old biofilms. Our results show promising use of ozonated oils on the treatment of infections, in particular those caused by multidrug-resistant MRSA strains.

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