scholarly journals Effects of the carbonated drink as an extender on semen characteristics, fertility and hatchability in Nigerian indigenous chicken

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
Adeyina Oluwatoba ◽  
Akanbi Samuel ◽  
Okukpe Mathias ◽  
Alli Ibidapo
Keyword(s):  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Semen Characteristics ◽  
Semen Preservation ◽  
Motility Of Sperm ◽  
And Control ◽  
Carbonated Drink

Semen extenders are liquid diluents that buffer sperm cells and preserve their fertilizing potentials. The commercial carbonated drink (CD) as an extender was evaluated on semen characteristics, fertility and hatchability in Yoruba ecotype chickens (YECs). The fructose of the CD was 1.52?0.05 mg/ml. Under the conditions of 370Celsius, 5% and 10% of CD were added to the egg yolk citrate solution to make 100%. Semen was obtained from ten matured Yoruba ecotype chicken cocks with an average weight of 1.8?0.2 kg. The semen was pooled in a test tube and added to the extenders for preservation at 0, 30 and 60 minutes, respectively, in a factorial design layout. Percentage motility of sperm cells was significantly (p<0.05) higher in 5% CD inclusion compared with 10% CD inclusion and control. Motility decreased with an increase in preservation time across the treatments. The percentage of dead sperm cells decreased (p<0.05) in 5% CD inclusion when compared with 10% CD inclusion and control. The sluggish sperm percentage increased significantly (p<0.05) with semen preservation time. Fertility and hatchability of eggs were significantly (p<0.05) higher in 5% CD inclusion. It was concluded that carbonated drinks at 5% inclusion in an extender could preserve cock sperm cells for 60 minutes with improved fertility and hatchability of eggs.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of the effect of antioxidants in the conservation of ram semen

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sarlós ◽  
A. Molnár ◽  
M. Kókai ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Motile Sperm ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Semen Preservation ◽  
Control Samples

The aim of the present study was to develop a treatment supporting the membrane of ram spermatozoa. Semen of different ejaculates collected from breeding rams was mixed andsamples of 109 sperm cells per ml and Tris-egg yolk extender were completed with the following antioxidants: a-tocopherol acetate (E), glutathione peroxidase (GP), Aromex® (AR), resveratrol (R), resveratrol + vitamin E (RE), resveratrol + Aromex® (RAR), resveratrol + GP (RGP). Peroxidation was evaluated by the analysis of malondialdehyde (MDA) during incubation for 30, 60 and 120 min at 37°C as well as during a 24-h incubation at 5°C. The success of preservation was checked in a 9-day-long period by observing the acrosomal defects and the motility of spermatozoa. Concentration of MDA was 4.06 nmol/109 spermatozoa in samples treated with 15 µg R while the control sample contained 69.79 nmol MDA per 109 spermatozoa after 24-h incubation. Following 30-, 60- and 120-min storage the concentration of MDA in control and R-treated samples was 25.89, 36.91, 49.57 and 3.69, 3.74, 3.74 nmol/109 spermatozoa, respectively. Moreover, a significantly higher proportion of motile sperm cells was observed in the treated than in the control samples. The frequency of acrosomal defects was lower in the treated groups than in the control. These results indicate that RAR treatment can improve the effects of ram semen preservation.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF LACTOFERRIN ADDITION TO THE SEMEN OF AWASSI RAMS ON SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SPERMS

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi & Houbi
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Semen Preservation ◽  
Live Sperm ◽  
Motility Of Sperm ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Artificial Vagina

This experiment was conducted at the Animal Production Department farm to the College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, located at Jadreya during the period of 21 September 2015 to 24 February 2016 using Four Awasi rams aged 2-4 years and the average weight was 52 kg. Semen collection from rams was done twice weekly by using the artificial vagina to study the effect of using the lactoferrin protein as a replacement by the antibiotic in the semen for controlling the contamination of bacteria in the semen. Four treated groups were used, the control (normal antibiotic Streptomycin 100 mg\100ml Penicillin 100.000 IU / 100ml) , second ,third and fourth treatment groups was used a lactoferrin  protein with the contamination of 400, 800 and 1200 mg \ L-1 , respectively . All additions of the antibiotic and lactoferrin were done to the semen after dilution. Semen from all rams was pooled and the final volume was divided by four parts to groups .The semen diluent was kept at the refrigerator 5 C for 5 days, and every day the physical characteristic was done which included. The individual motility, dead and abnormal sperm, concentration of sperm, mass activity, integrity of the plasma membrane (HOST %) The results showed that: the individual motility of sperm was significantly increased) for all treated groups on the second, third, fourth and the fifth day of semen preservation. No significant difference  in the percentage of live sperm as a result of adding lactoferrin to the semen. There were no significant increase) in the hyper osmotic sperm test (HOST%) between the control and treatment groups. The abnormality of sperm did not differ between the control and the treated groups.

scholarly journals Environment related variations in the semen characteristics of bulls used for Artificial Insemination (AI) programme in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Jalal Uddin Sarder
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Motile Sperm ◽  
Semen Characteristics ◽  
Mass Activity ◽  
Motility Of Sperm

The present study assessed the semen characteristics of bulls used for Artificial Insemination (AI) programme in Bangladesh with regard to season, ambient temperature and relative humidity. A total of 3720 semen samples from 71 bulls were collected from Central Cattle Breeding Station and Dairy Farm (CCBSDF), Savar, Dhaka, Rajshahi Dairy and Cattle Improvement Farm (RDCIF), Rajabarihat, Rajshahi and District Artificial Insemination Centre (DAIC), Rajshahi during 1995 - 2002. Semen was collected by artificial vaginal method once a week. Different seasons viz. spring, summer, autumn and winter had significant effect (P<0.05) on colour, density, mass activity, sperm concentration, sperm motility, total sperm cells/ejaculate, total number of motile sperm cells/ejaculate, number of semen doses per collection and postfreezing motility of sperm. The maximum values of these semen characteristics were found in summer. Ambient temperature groups of <21°C, 21-25°C, 25- 29°C and >29°C had significant (P<0.05) effect on all the semen characteristics except for volume of semen. The highest volume of semen was found at >29°C and the lowest at 25-29°C. The total number of sperm cells/ejaculate, total number of motile sperm cells/ejaculate and number of semen doses per collection were found in >29 °C temperature groups. Relative humidity groups of <65%, 65-75%, 75-85% and >85% had significant effect on all the semen characteristics excluding for volume of semen and number of semen doses per collection. The largest volume of semen, colour, mass activity, total sperm cells/ejaculate, total motile sperm cells/ejaculate and number of semen doses/collection were found in >85% relative humidity and the smallest in 65%-75% relative humidity. Finally, this study recommended that, summer season, ambient temperature groups of >29°C and Relative humidity groups of >85% are suitable for excellent semen characteristics. Key words: AI bulls; semen characteristics; season; temperature; relative humidity Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 26, 2007. pp. 81-88

scholarly journals The impact of adding different levels of egg yolk on the motility and morphology pre and post thaw cryopreservation of goat semen

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
Nawfal Mutlak
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Mass Activity ◽  
Semen Extender ◽  
Motility Of Sperm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of different concentrations of egg yolk EY (0%, 10%, and 20%) in the semen extender during the cryopreservation process of goat semen out of the breeding season. A total of 12 ejaculates were collected from six Anglo Nubain dairy bucks as two ejaculates for each buck aged between (1-5) years over a two week period by using Electro-ejaculation (EEJ) during the non-breeding season. Post collection, the semen samples were evaluated for motility and mass activity. Subsequently, the semen samples were initially diluted in Tris solution (without Egg yolk or Glycerol) in order to preserve the motility of sperm cells. The semen samples from each buck were evaluated for pre-freezing motility and morphology then divided into three sub-samples and diluted in Tris extender with T1 (control) 0% EY, T2 10% EY, and T3 20% EY. The semen samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen (-196 C). After thawing, the semen samples were evaluated for sperm motility and morphology. The morphology of sperm did not differ among treatments nor between pre-freezing and post-thawing evaluations. However, the motility of semen diluted with 10% EY was (P<0.05) numerically but not statistically higher than semen diluted with 0% and 20% EY. According to the obtained results of this study, it is recommended that a 10% EY level or less be included in the Tris extender during cryopreservation of goat semen for superior motility and morphology results.

22 Comparing Three Extenders: Hashi, Green Buffer and INRA 96, for Chilled Storage of Bactrian Camel Semen

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Panahi ◽  
A. Niasari-Naslaji ◽  
F. Seyedasgari ◽  
T. Ararooti ◽  
H. Adel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Bactrian Camel ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Chilled Storage ◽  
Single Operator ◽  
Semen Preservation ◽  
Vaccine Carrier ◽  
Motility Of Sperm

Semen preservation remains challenging in the camel industry. The objective of the present study was to compare 3 different extenders for chilled storage of Bactrian camel semen. Semen (n = 9 ejaculates) was collected from camel bulls (n = 2) manually using artificial vagina. Good neat semen, as far as mass vibration concerns, was equally distributed into 3 double-wall vessels filled with 35°C water. The 3 extenders used in the present study were Hashi, Green buffer (IMV, L’Aigle, France), and INRA 96 (IMV). The Hashi extender consisted of Tris, 2.6%; citric acid, 1.35%; glucose, 0.9%; fructose, 0.9%; penicillin G sodium, 1000 IU mL−1; streptomycin sulfate, 1000 mg mL−1 supplemented with 20% plasma egg yolk and 20% camel skim milk; osmolality of 330 and pH of 6.9). Green buffer was supplemented with 20% plasma egg yolk (osmolality of 335 and pH of 6.9). The osmolality and pH of INRA 96 were 310 and 7, respectively. Extenders at a ratio of 1:3 were added to semen followed by pipetting 10 times with an automatic pipettor. The water-jacketed extended specimen was covered with foam and transferred to individual vaccine carrier equipped with 4 ice packs. This system of cooling not only allows the specimen to cool down slowly and reach 4°C after 7 h, but also reduces the viscosity of camel semen. The assessment was carried out 7 and 24 h after semen dilution, when the specimen reached 4°C. Semen viability parameters were assessed after short-term semen preservation in different extenders. Total motility and progressive forward motility were examined subjectively by single operator using Sperm Track (ISAS, Proiser, Spain) after diluting the specimen to achieve 25 × 106 sperm mL−1. Live percentage of sperm was estimated using Eosin B Fast Green staining method. Plasma membrane integrity was assessed using the hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) test. Following arcsin transformation, data were analysed by GLM procedure followed by Tukey test in SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). At 7 and 24 h, there were no differences among the 3 extenders in total motility of sperm (Hashi: 73 and 67.4%; Green buffer: 71.6 and 62.1%; INRA 96: 70 and 66.2%; P > 0.05), live percentage of sperm (Hashi: 76 and 73%; Green buffer: 70.5 and 65.6%; INRA 96: 77.8 and 70.7%; P > 0.05), or HOS test (Hashi: 52.4 and 45.2%; Green buffer: 49.6 and 40.6%; INRA 96: 57.3 and 51.1%; P > 0.05). However, at the same times, progressive forward motility was similar between Hashi (47.7 and 28.6%) and Green buffer (40 and 23.5%; P > 0.05) but was different between Hashi and INRA 96 (23.6 and 16.7%; P < 0.05). In conclusion, Hashi and Green buffer could be considered suitable extenders to preserve Bactrian camel semen under chilled condition. Further studies with a larger number of bulls and ejaculates are warranted.

scholarly journals Effect of fruit-juice on spermatozoa viability and lipid peroxidation of Red Sokoto bucks during liquid storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
J. O. Daramola ◽  
T. A. Sorongbe ◽  
O. M. Onagbesan ◽  
A. V. Jegede ◽  
A. O. Ladokun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sperm Viability ◽  
Progressive Motility ◽  
Liquid Storage ◽  
Watermelon Juice ◽  
And Control

Antioxidants are linked with sperm viability because of their protective effects against cell damage during preservation. In order to enhance the life span of refrigerated buck semen, this study was carried out to determine the effect of fruit-rich antioxidants on spermatozoa viability and lipid peroxidation (LPO) of buck semen during liquid storage. Pooled semen from five Red Sokoto bucks was diluted with Tris-egg yolk based extender and supplemented each with juices from pawpaw tomato and watermelon at 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10/ 100 ml respectively. Following dilution, the semen samples were assessed subjectively after in vitro storage at 5°C for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours as regards sperm motility, abnormalities, and acrosome status using a phase-contrast microscope. The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) as indices of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the stored semen was measured in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The results showed highest progressive motility in watermelon juice at 2.5% (P<0.05) during the first 24 hours of storage while the lowest progressive motility was recorded at various levels of pawpaw juice (P<0.05). After 48 hours of storage, extender supplemented with watermelon and tomato juices had better progressive motility compared to control except 7.5% and 10%% of tomato juice (P<0.05). Irrespective of level of juice in the extender, the percentage of intact acrosome was similar among the various juices and control. The results showed that spermatozoa extended with watermelon juice had the lowest (P<0.05) percentage abnormality compared to other extenders at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of storage. Higher (P<0.05) percent spermatozoa abnormality compared to other fruit juices and control was observed at 72 and 96 hours of storage in spermatozoa extended with pawpaw juice. Significant reductions of MDA concentrations were achieved by addition of fruit-rich antioxidants to Tris-egg yolk based extender during the first 72 hours and the reduction was much pronounced in extender supplemented with pawpaw juice compared to control (P<0.05). The findings reveal that fruit-rich antioxidants from watermelon and tomato have protective ability to maintain sperm viability and to reduce concentration MDA of buck semen during liquid storage.

scholarly journals Viability of Peranakan Etawah Liquid Semen Preserved in Tris Substituted with Various Energy Sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Nurul Afzan Hilda Zakiya ◽  
A H Yanti ◽  
T R Setyawati
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Semen Preservation ◽  
Semen Extender ◽  
Fresh Semen

The use of liquid semen for artificial insemination program of Etawah crossbreed goat (PE) is an alternative to replace frozen semen which is constrained by limited and expensive facilities. Production of liquid semen is faster than frozen semen, but the viability of liquid semen which preserved with a standard extender such as tris egg yolk is very short. The purpose of this study was to determine the viability of PE goat semen in egg yolk tris substituted with energy sources such as glucose, galactose, and mannose and to determine the most efficient energy source for semen preservation. This research was conducted from August to September 2018 at the Artificial Insemination Center in Lembang, West Java. This study was designed in a randomized block design (RBD) consist of three experimental groups divided into five groups. Fresh semen of PE goats were preserved using extender which energy source has been modified. Results showed that using glucose in PE goat semen extender produced the best motility among other groups (64.29 ± 9.2%). The highest viability was found in extender with fructose substitution (86.76 ± 2.3%). The longest viability of liquid semen was found in the extender with glucose substitution. It lasted for six days.

scholarly journals Growth rate of african catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and plankton diversity in ponds under organic and inorganic fertilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 17545-17559
Author(s):  
PA Otieno ◽  
◽  
DO Owiti ◽  
PO Onyango ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Phytoplankton Species ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Plankton Diversity ◽  
And Control

Aquaculture offers the opportunity for safeguarding local and global food security in the face of declining capture fisheries. However, the form of aquaculture that is commonly practiced in Kenya is characterized by the use of agrochemicals such as fertilizers that negatively impact biodiversity especially when effluents from fish ponds drain into water bodies. This study aimed to determine differences in the growth rate of Clarias gariepinus, an important aquaculture fish in Kenya, to assess plankton diversity, and to identify phytoplankton species associated with pollution under organic and inorganic fertilization regimens using chicken manure, Diammonium phosphate, and urea, respectively. Average growth rate calculated per day was higher in the organically-fertilized ponds at 0.06 cm/day, followed by inorganically-fertilized ponds at 0.05cm/day and then, the control at 0.04 cm/day. Average weight gain was higher in organically-fertilized ponds at 0.08 g/day followed by ponds fertilized with inorganic fertilizer at 0.07 g/day and the control, at 0.06g/day. There were significant differences in growth rate across fertilization regimens (length: F2, 264= 24.06, p = 0.0399; weight: F2, 264 = 20.89, p = 0. 0457). Specifically, although differences in growth rate of fish in organically and inorganically fertilized ponds were not significant, fish in fertilized ponds were on average, longer and weighed more than those in the control pond. Jaccard’s similarity index for phytoplankton was highest (0.38) between organically-fertilized ponds and control but lowest (0.25) between inorganically-fertilized ponds and control. Use of chicken manure produced the highest diversity of zooplankton (Shannon-Weiner’s H in organically-fertilized pond = 1.886; inorganic = 1.044, and control = 0.935). The use of DAP and urea produced the highest proportion of phytoplankton species associated with pollution. These results do not support the commonly reported notion that ponds fertilized using inorganic fertilizers are more productive. Findings suggest that the use of inorganic fertilizers may threaten biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems through the production of toxic algae.

scholarly journals Comparison Strawberry Field Production and Occurrence of Grey Mould at Strawberry Growing on System with Addition of Apple Tree Woody Chips

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1253-1264
Author(s):  
David Novotný ◽  
Jana Brožová ◽  
Pavla Růžičková ◽  
Josef Sus ◽  
Martin Koudela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Grey Mould ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Tree Wood ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Field Production

In the years 2014 to 2016 the influence of apple tree wood chips and composted apple tree wood chips in which oyster mushroom grew and yielded which were supplemented into soil on strawberry field production and occurrence of grey mould at strawberry (cv. ‘Sonata’) was evaluated. Average weight and number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, average weight and number of fruits affected by Botrytis cinerea per plant, percentage of weight and number of fruits affected by Botrytis cinerea was calculated. There were recorded differences concerning strawberry yield among the investigated variants of plots, but mainly there were not statistically significant. In 2015 and 2016 the highest average weight of yield and the highest number of fruits was reached at plants cultivated on plots with apple tree wood chips. Average weight of yield on plots with apple tree wood chips was 663.72 g and 822.41 g in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Number of fruits per plant on plots with apple tree wood chips was 67.88 pieces and 65.29 pieces in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Occurrence of grey mould caused by Botrytis cinerea on all variants of plots was similar and small differences was found out only but statistically significant difference was among the years. Grey mould was the most frequently found out in the year 2016. B. cinerea affected 48.27, 56.89 and 55.94 grams of fruits per plant from plots with composted apple tree wood chips, plots with apple tree wood chips and control plots in 2016, respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of pesticide Glyphosate Aqua in liver enzymes activity of Barbus sharpeyi

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-246
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Fish Nutrition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nutrition Research ◽  
Barbus Sharpeyi ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
And Control

The present study was designed in the aquaculture and fish nutrition research aquarium in the College of Veterinary Medicine/Baghdad University from a period 1/3 to 1/6/2013 to investigate the toxicity of the herbicide glyphosate aqua on Barbus sharpeyi fish. Fish fingerlings were used with average weight between 10 – 15 gm to measure the (LC50), and 200 fingerlings were used to know the acute and chronic toxic effect for the herbicide. The fingerlings were randomly distributed as 10 fish for each aquarium. Fish were divided into four treatments and control group (without addition of herbicide). The first processing with a concentration of 0.415 mg/L for a duration of exposure 90 days, the second processing group with a concentration 0.415 mg/L for 15 days, while the third group was treated with 0.207 mg/L of the herbicide for a duration of exposure, the forth group was exposed to 0.207 mg/L for 15 days only. The study aimed to determine the extent of the effect of the pesticide in the activity of liver enzymes, which included Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate amino transfers (AST) and Alanine amino transfers (ALT). The results of biochemical tests for liver enzymes to fish experience has shown a rise in activity of enzymes which increased with duration of exposure. The first and the third treatments has a significant differences (P ?0.05) compared with control group. Results of the experiment to improvement in the health status of fish in second and forth treatments compared to control group.

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