scholarly journals Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 expression in colon cancer and its correlation with tumor invasion, differentiation, and metastatic spread

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Kolobovnikova ◽  
O. I. Urazova ◽  
V. S. Poletika ◽  
G. V. Reyngardt ◽  
E. V. Romanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Tumor Staging ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Colon Adenoma ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Galectin 3

Aim. To study the expression of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in colon cancer and the levels of these proteins in the peripheral blood in relation to the differentiation, invasion, and metastatic dissemination.Materials and Methods. We examined primary tumors and the corresponding peripheral blood samples from 81 patients with colon cancer. Control group consisted of 49 patients with colon adenoma and 17 healthy volunteers. Expression of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in colon tissue was determined by immunohistochemical staining, while their plasma level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Tumor staging was performed in accordance with the TNM system (AJCC, 2009). Cell differentiation was defined according to the respective clinical guidelines (Russian Cancer Association, 2018).Results. We detected an elevated expression of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in primary colon cancer as compared with colon adenoma and higher plasma levels of these proteins in colon cancer patients in comparison with healthy volunteers. High expression of tumor and plasma galectin-1 was associated with higher tumor stage (T3/T4) and the presence of local and distant metastases. Overexpression of galectin-3 in the primary tumor correlated with lower differentiation and lymph node metastasis.Conclusion. Galectin-1 and galectin-3 are involved in colon cancer progression and might be used as predictors of an adverse outcome.

Expression and Significance of Th17 Cells and Related Factors in Patients with Autoimmune Hepatitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihong An
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Hepatitis ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Th17 Cells ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Total Bilirubin ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Tnf Α

Objective: This study aims to investigate the expression and clinical significance of Th17 cells and related factors in peripheral blood of patients with Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH). Methods: A retrospective selection of 100 patients with AIH were included as a study group, and 100 healthy volunteers in the outpatient clinic were selected as the control group. The levels of IL- 17, IL-6, IL-21 and TNF-α in peripheral blood of all subjects were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the frequency of Th17 cells and Treg cells was detected by flow cytometry. Results: Results showed that the study group had higher levels of serum total bilirubin (TBil), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ -glutamyltranspeptidase (γ-GT), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) than the control group, as well as higher levels of IL-17, IL-6, IL-21 and TNF-α in serum. The frequency of Th17 cells in peripheral blood was higher in the study group, while the frequency of Treg cells was lower. Also, serum IL-17, TNF-α levels and Th17 cells frequency were positively correlated with ALT and AST, whereas Treg cells frequency were negatively correlated with ALT and AST levels. Conclusion: Our finding demonstrates that Th17 cell frequency and their related factors IL-17 and TNF-α, are associated with liver damage, which might be used to monitor AIH disease severity.

scholarly journals Circulating Natural IgM Antibodies against Angiogenin in the Peripheral Blood Sera of Patients with Osteosarcoma as Candidate Biomarkers and Reporters of Tumorigenesis

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. BIC.S6040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia A. Savitskaya ◽  
Genaro Rico ◽  
Luis Linares ◽  
Roberto González ◽  
René Téllez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Natural Igm

Background Tumor immunology research has led to the identification of a number of tumor-associated self antigens, suggesting that most tumors trigger an immunogenic response, as is the case in osteosarcoma, where the detection of natural serum IgM antibodies might achieve the diagnosis of osteosarcoma. Natural IgM antibodies to tumor-associated proteins may expand the number of available tumor biomarkers for osteosarcoma and may be used together in a serum profile to enhance test sensitivity and specificity. Natural IgM antibodies can be consistently detected in the peripheral blood sera months to years before the tumor is diagnosed clinically. The study of the level of a potential biomarker many months (or years) prior to diagnosis is fundamentally important. Integrated circulating and imaging markers in clinical practice treating osteosarcoma have potential applications for controlling tumor angiogenesis. Objectives To study the expression of natural IgM antibodies to the tumor antigens of angiogenesis in the peripheral blood sera of osteosarcoma patients and healthy individuals, and to develop serum-based predictive biomarkers. Methods Peripheral venous blood samples were collected from 117 osteosarcoma patients and 117 patients with other tumors. All diagnosis was histologically confirmed. Staging of patients was performed according to the Enneking Surgical Staging System. The control group consisted of 117 age- and sex- matched healthy individuals. In this study, novel immunoconjugates were designed, synthesized and then used to develop a rapid, specific and sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method to detect angiogenin (ANG)–IgM directly in the peripheral blood sera of humans. Results Serum ANG–IgM levels are significantly higher in osteosarcoma patients than in healthy individuals ( P < 0.005). Serum ANG–IgM levels varied widely, but were highly dependent on the concentration of IgM (r = 0.85; P < 0.0005). We found ANG–IgM in the sera of 85% of newly diagnosed osteosarcoma patients and ANG–IgM levels were significantly higher in osteosarcoma patients compared to any other tumors ( P < 0.001). Conclusions These results demonstrated that the combined biomarker ANG–IgM has greater sensitivity and specificity in early diagnosis of osteosarcoma patients than the traditional biomarkers (ANG and vascular endothelial growth factor). Circulating ANG–IgM immune complexes can potentially serve as a biomarker for increased risk of osteosarcoma, because relatively high serum levels were also detected in otherwise healthy individuals with a first degree family history of osteosarcoma and in patients with a diagnosis of benign conditions. Immunological aspects of angiogenesis for managing osteosarcoma will have a practical value in early diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring response to antiangiogenic therapy.

scholarly journals he effects of NETosis on fibrinolysis in colon cancer patients

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
A. A. Parshina ◽  
N. N. Tsybikov ◽  
P. P. Tereshkov ◽  
T. M. Karavaeva ◽  
M. V. Maksimenya
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Metastatic Colon Cancer ◽  
The Given ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Pai 1

Aim. To investigate formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and their impact on fibrinolysis in patients with colon cancer.Materials and methods. The study was performed in two groups. The experimental group consisted of patients with stage 2–3 non-metastatic colon cancer (n = 17, average age – 67 years). The control group included healthy volunteers matched by sex and age (n = 30, average age – 68 years). An experimental model was created from the whole blood. It included platelet-poor plasma and an isolated culture of neutrophils, previously induced to NETosis by adding 100 nmol PMA. The samples were incubated for 4 hours, then the test tubes were centrifuged to pellet cells and their remnants, and the plasma was transferred for subsequent examination. The plasma incubated with intact neutrophils was used as a control. The levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) were used to determine the degree of cell activation. NETosis was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and fluorescent microscopy. Fibrinolysis was assessed using the thrombodynamics test. The results were compared with the levels of fibrinolytic system components measured by flow cytometry.Results. In the control group, NETosis induction contributed to pronounced neutrophil activation that was accompanied by an increase in the IL-8, PSGL-1, and plasminogen levels, a decrease in PAI-1, and enhancement of fibrinolysis, compared with the intact samples. Higher levels of IL-8, PSGL-1, plasminogen, and PAI-1 and intensified fibrinolysis were detected in the intact samples. However, PMA-induced NETosis did not result in an increase in the degree of activation and significant changes in the given parameters.Conclusion. NETosis promotes both formation and lysis of fibrin clots. However, in cancer patients, suicidal NETosis does not contribute to fibrinolysis due to intracellular protease depletion, which may be one of the mechanisms causing hypercoagulation and insufficient fibrinolysis in cancer. 

scholarly journals Detection of IL-37 in peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and its clinical significance

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 205873921882022
Author(s):  
Ge Zhang ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Ying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Active Period ◽  
Stable Period ◽  
Antibody Levels

The study aimed to detect the expression level of interleukin-37 (IL-37) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and explore its clinical significance. A total of 40 peripheral blood samples from active and stable RA patients were collected (40 patients with RA), and peripheral blood from 40 healthy volunteers was used as the control group. Peripheral blood serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated. The expression of IL-37 mRNA in PBMCs was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Serum levels of IL-37, rheumatoid factor (RF), and anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (CCP) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results were then calculated and analyzed. The results showed that expression of IL-37 mRNA in the PBMCs of patients with RA was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P < 0.05). Expression of IL-37 mRNA in the PBMCs of the active period group was significantly higher than that in the stable period group ( P < 0.05). IL-37 levels in patients with RA were significantly higher than those of the control group ( P < 0.05). IL-37 levels in the active period group were also significantly higher than those of the stable period group ( P < 0.05). The comparative analysis of RF and anti-CCP antibody levels showed that IL-37 was positively correlated with RF and anti-CCP levels in patients with RA. In conclusion, the expression level of IL-37 in peripheral blood of RA patients was significantly higher than that of normal control group, and it was correlated with RF and CCP antibody levels, indicating that IL-37 plays an important role in the development of RA.

scholarly journals Heat stress combined with lipopolysaccharide alter the activity and superficial molecules of peripheral monocytes

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 205873841982889
Author(s):  
Jiajing Luo ◽  
Yi Chen ◽  
Chengjia Ding ◽  
Jialing Qiu ◽  
Yulan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Heat Stroke ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Tnf Α

The purpose of this study was to focus on the underlying relationship between the hyperactivity for the peripheral monocytes and heat stroke by investigating the inflammatory oxidative activity of and the expression of superficial molecules. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 10 healthy adult volunteers. Human blood monocytes were isolated by density gradient centrifugation and sequent adherent culture. The objectives were divided into four groups: 43°C heat stress combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, 43°C heat stress group, LPS group, and control group. There were 10 cases in each group. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was used to measure the concentrations of supernatant inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10)). After loaded by 2,7-Dichlorodi-hydrofluorescein-diacetate (DCFHDA) fluorescent probe, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined by a flow cytometry. After fluorescent microspheres incubation, the phagocytosis of monocytes was observed under a fluorescent microscope. Respectively, the flow cytometry and Western blot were used to evaluate the level of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) and Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) on the monocytes. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of TREM-1 and TLR-4 was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The heat stress combined with LPS stimulation promoted the peripheral monocytes to produce inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10) and release ROS. Otherwise, such complex strike significantly suppressed the phagocytic activity of monocytes in peripheral blood. Moreover, the expression of TREM-1, TLR-4 and CD86 was measured by the flow cytometry on peripheral monocytes which were respectively promoted by the union of heat stress and LPS. The results of Western blot and RT-PCR demonstrated the similar kinetics on these superficial molecules (TREM-1, TLR-4, and CD86) stimulated by the combination of heat stress and LPS. The underlying mechanism of the dysfunction for the peripheral monocytes may be related to the abnormal expression of superficial molecules TREM-1, TLR-4, and CD86 on the monocytes induced by heat stress and LPS.

Microarray study of gene expression profiles in peripheral blood samples from lung cancer patients before and after erlotinib treatment

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e19072-e19072
Author(s):  
A. Irigoyen ◽  
C. Olmedo ◽  
J. Valdivia ◽  
A. Comino ◽  
C. Cano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients

e19072 Background: The gene expression profile in peripheral blood samples from lung cancer patients is a potential predictor to treatment response. Methods: The study has been developed using 10 healthy volunteers as the control group and 10 lung cancer patients (stage IV). Written informed consent was obtained being the protocol approved by the local Clinical Research and Ethics Committee. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from lung cancer patients before (T0) and after treatment (T15d). RNA from peripheral blood samples was extracted and purified selecting 28S/18S ratios>1.5 to obtain cDNA and cRNA for hybridization of the 20,000 genes included in Human 20K CodeLink. An array from each participant was obtained in duplicate. For each array, 2 μg of cRNA was compared to 2 μg of healthy cRNA.. Significant genes were found using Significance Analysis of Microarrays which uses repeated permutations of the data. Results: The selected genes were expressed >3-fold with a false discovery rate =0.05. Before treatment (T0) when patients were compared to healthy volunteers there was an increase in the expression of: histone 1 H4c, transforming growth factor beta 2, endothelial cell growth factor 1 (platelet-derived), glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic 2, Relaxin 3 receptor 1, Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2, RAS-like family 11 member B, and ELK4. After treatment (T15d), when each lung cancer patient's results were compared to their own before treatment results (T0), there was an increase in the expression of: Bcl2, myosin light polypeptide 4; interferon alpha-inducible protein 27; interferon gamma receptor 1; RASSF5, ARHGEF6, IGFBP5, tumor protein p53 inducible nuclear protein 1, peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma. Conclusions: The data presented identifies biologically relevant over-expressed genes in lung cancer. A validation of these results and the analysis of the genes that identify patients who will respond positively to erlotinib treatment is being carried out. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Seroprevalence of toxocariasis in hypereosinophilic individuals in Ahwaz, south-western Iran

2011 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Maraghi ◽  
A. Rafiei ◽  
R. Hajihossein ◽  
S. M. Sadjjadi
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Infection Frequency ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Western Iran ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The City

AbstractEosinophilia in human peripheral blood is caused by different agents, including toxocariasis. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of toxocariasis in hypereosinophilic individuals in the city of Ahwaz, located in south-western Iran, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot techniques. Serum samples were examined from 100 individuals with peripheral blood eosinophilia and also from another 100 individuals without eosinophilia as the control group. In hypereosinophilic individuals seroprevalence antibodies against Toxocara were found in 19 (19%), of whom 12 (63.15%) were female and 7 (36.85%) were male. Positive sera were subsequently confirmed by Western blot. All of the observed bands ranged from 24 to 100 kDa. Antibodies against Toxocara were found in 1% of the control group, but were not confirmed by Western blot. The results showed significant differences between the frequency of infection within age and gender (P < 0.05); the highest prevalence of infection was observed in adults. Differences between the hypereosinophilic and healthy individuals, in terms of Toxocara infection frequency, also proved significant (P < 0.05).The present study thus confirmed the significant prevalence of toxocariasis as a hygienic problem among hypereosinophilic individuals in this area. It is, therefore, necessary to examine these individuals for toxocariasis.

scholarly journals LEVELS OF PROINFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE CYTOKINES IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD IN PHLEGMONOUS PERITONITIS PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
L. O. Kuyun
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Quantitative Characteristic ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Systemic Level

Introduction.    Among surgical diseases, peritonitis is a life-threatening pathological condition characterized by inflammation at both local and systemic levels [8]. Identifying proinflammatory mediators in peripheral blood and in peritoneal fluid and their quantitative characteristic is vital for the diagnosis. High levels of these mediators may be indicators of complications development or lethal outcome. The aim of the study – to learn the levels of proinflammatory and suppressive cytokines in the peripheral blood and compare their properties in patients with acute phlegmonous appendicitis, which causes peritonitis. Materials and Methods. The study measured levels of proinflammatory and suppressive cytokines in the peripheral blood and compare their properties in patients with acute phlegmonous appendicitis, which causes peritonitis. Blood samples from 90 patients with peritonitis and 98 healthy volunteers were analyzed. Blood cytokine content was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Vector-Best). Optical density was measured on an analyzer “Stat FAX 303 PLUS” (USA, pg/ml). The results of the study were statistically analyzed using parametrical and nonparametrical criteria using “Minitab 16” software. Colmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine the differences between the group of patients and the control group. Key numerical data was gathered and compared using the U-criteria of Mann-Whitney, whereas the average of the two independent data sets were analyzed using the Student method. All persons who took part in the study gave their written consent as required by the bioethics committee. Results and Discussion. The research demonstrated that acute inflammation during phlegmonous peritonitis is characterized by mediator synergy between proinflammatory and suppressive potentials of the immune response at the systemic level. Significant (р<0.001) increase in the levels of proinflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) and suppressive (IL-10, TGF-β) cytokines in the peripheral blood was observed in patients with phlegmonous peritonitis. Conclusion. Acute inflammation during phlegmonous peritonitis is characterized by mediator synergy between proinflammatory and suppressive potentials of the immune response at the systemic level. Moreover, significant (р<0.001) increase in the levels of proinflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) and suppressive (IL-10, TGF-β) cytokines in the peripheral blood was observed in patients with phlegmonous peritonitis.

scholarly journals Serumal and Salivary 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)D Levels of Head and Neck Cancer Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-43
Author(s):  
Dina Keumala Sari ◽  
Liza Meutia Sari ◽  
Lidya Imelda Laksmi ◽  
Farhat Farhat ◽  
Elvita Rahmi Daulay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Saliva Collection

BACKGROUND: Saliva has been suggested as a substitute of serum for the detection of 25 Dihydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in healthy people. However, investigation of salivary 1,25(OH)D has not been clearly reported. Vitamin plays important roles in inhibiting cancer progression. Current study was conducted to investigate serumal and salivary 25(OH)D) and 1,25(OH)D levels of healthy and head and neck cancer (HNC) subjects.METHODS: Research were conducted at Haji Adam Malik Hospital, Medan, Indonesia. Forty HNC and 40 healthy subjects were recruited and selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Medical records were documented, followed by anthropometric evaluation and serum and saliva collection. Laboratory investigation for 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH) was performed using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods.RESULTS: Significant serumal (p=0.002) and salivary (p=0.016) 25(OH)D mean level differences of HNC and normal groups were obtained. More serumal or salivary 25(OH)D deficient subjects were found in control group than those in HNC group. Meanwhile, serumal and salivary 1,25(OH)D mean levels of HNC group were not significantly different with the ones of control group. There were significant correlations of serumal-salivary 25(OH)D as well as serumal-salivary 1,25(OH)D levels in normal group.CONCLUSION: Serumal and salivary 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)D levels of HNC group were relatively normal. Salivary 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)D could be suggested as substitutes for serumal ones.KEYWORDS: vitamin D, 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)D, head and neck cancer

scholarly journals Effect of pentoxifylline on colon cancer patients treated with chemotherapy (Part I)

Tumor Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 341-349
Author(s):  
Amichay Meirovitz ◽  
Lea Baider ◽  
Tamar Peretz ◽  
Samir Stephanos ◽  
Vivian Barak
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Metastatic Colon Cancer

BACKGROUND: Cancer progression is associated with significant systemic clinical manifestations including cachexia induced weight loss and anorexia. Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a drug that has been shown to have multiple beneficial effects in cancer patients through its anti-inflammatory properties. MAIN OBJECTIVE: To evaluate PTX effects on colon cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. PATIENTS and METHODS: Forty metastatic colon cancer patients receiving chemotherapy were enrolled in this randomized study. 17 patients were treated with a full dose of PTX (400 mg TID), 9 patients with a reduced dose PTX (200 mg TID) and 23 served as controls (no PTX). RESULTS: Follow-up evaluations of patients included the following: physical examination; leukopenia determination; weight determination; stomatitis determination; and survival rate. Patients treated with PTX (both full and reduced doses), experienced a significant increase in weight and a reduction in stomatitis relative to the control group. Treatment with PTX also significantly increased patient survival rate. All patients treated with PTX, had a median overall survival (OS) rate of 20.4 months as compared to 13.2 months in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: PTX treatment of colon cancer patients, in addition to chemotherapy, significantly improved survival rates, induced weight gain and reduced stomatitis occurrence –all important parameters of cachexia.

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