scholarly journals Tracing the Development of Arabic Khat from the Land of Origin to Indonesian Archipelago

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Azkia Muharom Albantani ◽  
Ahmad Adhia Adha ◽  
Aida Mushoffa ◽  
Helya Syafiroh
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
Social Elites ◽  
Umayyad Dynasty ◽  
Muslim Majority

Several studies showed that Arabic khat had been widely developed in countries with a Muslim majority population.  However, many previous studies have not examined the origin of the Arabic khat and its development from different periods. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the source of Arabic khat, the product and the figures from different periods, and several other things related to Arabic khat. This research was done in qualitative research with a descriptive historical approach through a literature-based study to examine data and information. The research was conducted by limiting the study's scope on Arabic khat development from the Umayyad dynasty to its expansion in Indonesia. The results showed that the Arab Khat began to develop centuries ago during the Umayyad dynasty. Three factors caused calligraphy to increase: the influence of power expansion, the kings and social elites' role, and the influence of science development. Moreover, the encouragement coming from the verses of al-Qur'an, the motivation to write al-Qur'an, and the use of Arabic as al-Qur'an language are also the factors in the development of Arabic khat. Hence, it is no wonder that the term Arabic khat is synonymous with al-Qur'an's khat.

scholarly journals KUFAN HADITH TRANSMITTERS AND GEOPOLITICS IN EARLY PERIOD OF ISLAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-236
Author(s):  
Novizal Wendry ◽  
Abdul Majid ◽  
Susilawati Susilawati
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Umayyad Dynasty ◽  
The City

This article discusses the hadith transmitters involvement in Kufa politic dynamic in the early time of Islam Period, which was experiencing a long range of social turmoils. These turmoils occurred from 40 H/661 AD until the end of the Umayyad dynasty in 125 H/743 AD. This article adopts a historical approach to conceive of the dynamic of politics among the hadith transmitters. This research revealed that the hadith transmitters built the city of Kufa. The behavior related to discrimination toward the opponents and the disappointments on the Umayah Dynasty triggered many rebellions such as al-Ḥusayn ibn ‘Alî ibn Abî Ṭâlib, Ibn al-Zubayr, Mukhtâr al-Thaqafî, al-tawwâbûn, and Zayd ibn ‘Alî. These turmoils involved Sa‘d ibn Abî Waqqâṣ and al-Mughîrah ibn Shu‘bah. We argue that the hadith transmitter influenced the hadiths they narrated. Based on the investigation of the two hadith contents that they narrated indicated that they took the side of the Mu‘âwiyah Dynasty and ‘Alî’s followers as the opponents.

scholarly journals relevance of the message of the Qur'an to the goals of national education

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abd. Basir ◽  
M. Daud Yahya ◽  
Hafiz Mubarak ◽  
Sayed Akhyar ◽  
Andri Nirwana AN
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Education Law ◽  
National Education ◽  
Educational Literature ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
Essential Input ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Muslim Majority

Indonesia has a Muslim majority population and has two sources of education that both improve the quality of its citizens' educational resources. The author believes that the two sources, namely the Koran and the national education law, have strong relevance. To prove this assumption, we have conducted a series of studies of educational literature on many literature data published in various educational journals, both national and international. We found the data source through an electronic search on many journals, books, and websites that actively discuss religious and national education issues. After the collection of literature, we further examined the data evaluation system involved in the coding of conclusions drawn after high interpretation to obtain data that answered questions validly and reliably. Based on the data and discussion, we find a high relevance between the messages in the Koran and the goals of national education in Indonesia. It is hoped that this finding will become an essential input for improving educational science that links religious messages and national education.

Internal Ethnicity: Iranians in Los Angeles

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Bozorgmehr
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Ethnic Studies ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immigrant Group ◽  
National Origin ◽  
Religious Minorities ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
Theoretical Developments

Case studies of immigrant groups have contributed significantly to theoretical developments in the fields of immigration and ethnic studies. The focus on the immigrant group as a whole has resulted in ignoring immigrant subgroups, reducing ethnicity to national-origin. Ethnically diverse immigrant groups contain more than one type of ethnicity. Internal ethnicity refers to the presence of ethnic groups within an immigrant group. It is argued that, in the destination country, the immigrant subgroups who were already minorities in the country of origin are less assimilated than the immigrant subgroup which was part of the majority population. Survey data collected in a probability sample of Iranians in Los Angeles allow us to address this issue. Ethnicity of the Muslim majority in the United States is compared with that of Armenian, Bahai, and Jewish ethno-religious minorities from Iran. The data analysis supports the argument, and further shows that pre-migration ethnicity is an important and neglected aspect of post-migration ethnicity.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS AND ESSENCE OF FATWAS ON ISLAMIC ECONOMIC LAW IN INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-174
Author(s):  
Doli Witro ◽  
Atang Abdul Hakim ◽  
Koko Komaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Normative Approach ◽  
Economic Law ◽  
Political Approach ◽  
Islamic Economic

In Indonesia, one of the institutions authorized to issue fatwas is the Indonesian Ulama Council (MUI). MUI is an institution with the role and authority to issue fatwas for Indonesian citizens who are diverse in Islam which are not mentioned in the Al-Quran and Hadith. Although not all groups can accept the fatwa issued by the MUI or there are reaping criticism and controversy by some circles, the influence and role of the MUI fatwa are considerable in maintaining the peace of the Indonesian people. Departing from this, it is essential to see fatwas based on the characteristics and essence of fatwas on Islamic economic law. This paper is conducted in qualitative research. There are several approaches used in this paper, namely, the normative approach, the historical approach, and the political approach. This paper aims to reveal the characteristics and essence of fatwas on sharia economic law in Indonesia. The analysis results show that fatwas as a product of Islamic law are identical to fiqh and have inherent specific characteristization. In essence, a fatwa can become state law if there is recognition through competent state institutions.

scholarly journals THE DYNAMIC OF MALAY-CHINESE RELATION IN CONTEMPORARY PALEMBANG

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Zaki Faddad Syarif Zain ◽  
Anisatul Mardiah
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
National Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Political Dynamics ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Strong Attachment ◽  
Local Narratives

<p class="abstrak">This paper aims to determine the dynamics of Chinese and Malay relation in Palembang. This qualitative research is conducted with descriptive analytics. Data are obtained by interviews, documentation, and observation. This study engages the socio-historical approach, namely studying on the conflict and integration between Malays and Chinese in Palembang by looking at the history and the socio-politics. The research finds that the conflict between the two groups was strongly influenced by the political dynamics at the national level which spreads to Palembang. On the other hand, the process of integration between Chinese and Malays is unique and naturally integrated which is solved pragmatically The integration potentiality lies on the local narratives of a strong attachment between Malay and Chinese cultures.</p><p class="abstrak" align="left"> </p><p><em>Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pasang surut relasi kelompok Tionghoa dan Melayu di tingkat lokal yaitu Palembang. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian kualitatif yang disajikan dengan deskriptif analitis. Data diperoleh dengan wawancara, dokumentasi dan observasi. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan sosio historis, yaitu mengkaji konflik dan integrasi antara Melayu dan Tionghoa di Palembang dengan menilik pada sejarah dan kondisi sosial politik yang melatarbelakanginya Dari penelitian yang dilakukan ditemukan bahwa konflik antara kedua kelompok itu sangat dipengaruhi oleh dinamika politik di tingkat nasional (baca: yang terjadi di Jawa) yang berkembang hingga Palembang. Selanjutnya, integrasi antara Tionghoa dan Melayu memiliki keunikan tersendiri karena berjalan dengan natural didasarkan pada prinsip pragmatis. Sedangkan potensi integrasi dapat dilihat narasi-narasi keterikatan yang kuat antara Melayu dan Tionghoa yang menambah khazanah multikultural dari budaya Melayu Palembang itu sendiri.</em></p>

scholarly journals BENTUK, ORNAMEN DAN MAKNA PADA CINCIN TAPAK GAJAH TRADISIONAL KARO

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Elvira Yesica Ginting ◽  
Ganal Rudiyanto ◽  
Krishna Hutama
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Cultural Events ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Cultural Approach ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Basic Comprehension

<pre><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong></pre><p><em>Forms, ornaments, and meanings </em><em>of creation are interplayed each other as aesthetic elements. These have a load of wisdom, pieces of the civilization history, and culture of a tribe or society. And, these are very important topic to examine about problems that  traditional Karo Tapak Gajah ring face. The ring is just a mere historical artifacts now for the Karo culture actor. Even though, the development of the Karo culture has been always based on the their role. Therefore, qualitative research, historical and cultural approaches can fulfill the basic comprehension about form, ornament, and message when literacy about it is hard to find. The historical approach is to find out the diachronic and cultural events that occur in Karo culture, while the cultural approach knows the background of Karo customs. Thus, the aesthetic elements of the ring can be revealed through evidence of a certain time span and cultural aspects.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: </em><em>form, ornaments, meaning, traditional Karo Tapak Gajah Ring, aesthetic elements</em></p><pre> </pre><p><strong>Abstrak </strong></p><p>Bentuk, ornamen dan makna pada sebuah karya menjadi hal yang saling terikat sebagai elemen estetik dalam sebuah karya. Mereka memiliki muatan memori kearifan, potongan sejarah peradaban dan kebudayaan suatu suku hingga masyarakat. Hal tersebut menjadi penting saat menyangkut permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh cincin Tapak Gajah tradisional Karo yang kini dianggap hanya sebagai artefak sejarah belaka bagi para pelaku budaya Karo. Padahal, sebuah perkembangan budaya tidak lepas dari peran pelaku budaya tersebut. Oleh karena itu, pemahaman mengenai muatan bentuk, ornamen dan makna didalam cincin Tapak Gajah tradisional Karo menjadi kepentingan yang mendasar ketika literasi mengenai hal tersebut sukar ditemukan. Riset kualitatif disertai dengan pendekatan historis dan kultural. Pendekatan historis untuk mengetahui diakronis dan peristiwa-peristiwa budaya yang terjadi dalam budaya Karo, sedangkan pendekatan kultural mengetahui latar belakang adat istiadat Karo. Sehingga, elemen estetik (bentuk, ornamen dan makna) cincin tersebut dapat terungkap melalui bukti rentang waktu tertentu dan aspek kultural.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci: </strong>bentuk, ornamen, makna, cincin Tapak Gajah tradisional Karo, elemen estetik</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Intolerance across generations: the relation of the Slovak majority to the Jewish minority before, during and after the fall of the communist regime (selected aspects) (in Slovak)

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Jewish Community ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Qualitative Survey ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
The Given

The paper presents the theoretical basis of the issue of existence and application of intolerant attitudes of the majority population in relation to the minority Jewish community in Slovakia. We focus primarily on selected aspects of intolerance against Jews – specifically Slovak nationalism (i.e., political clericalism) and Jewish antisemitism. The starting point of the article is quantitative and qualitative research of Slovaks’ attitudes in the past, in which several experts revealed a negative stereotypical and negative perception of “difference”, which is understood as “not Slovak”, event. not “ours”. We point out that the given attitude extends across generations and across periods (before communism, during it and after communism, i.e. to the present). Subsequently, the text presents the observations that emerged from the survey itself. The aim of the qualitative survey was to describe and analyse the opinions and attitudes of respondents in relation to Jews in Slovakia.

scholarly journals Pappasang To Riolo: Belajar Dari Petuah Leluhur Dalam Membentuk Siswa Berkarakter

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Ahmad Subair
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Character Education ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Qualitative Research Method ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
New Model ◽  
Historical Material ◽  
The Past

This paper tries to look at the irreverent phenomena that occur in students today, and to find a way out through a series of events in the past with the value of local wisdom in the past. There are two things (more precisely an offer) to be conveyed in this paper in solving this problem. First, an explanation of the value of local wisdom contained in pappasang to riolo, the second tells about the exemplary suri to-riolo (ancestors). These two things are integrated into the historical material and conveyed to students so that students with character can be created. This paper uses a qualitative research method with an anthropological-historical approach in seeing the character (value) of students who experience moral degradation. The results of this study are a new model of character education approach using culture as a role model.

scholarly journals The Preminence of Ahmad Ibn Tulun as the Leading Amir of the Tulunid Kingdom

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 4863-4867
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
The West ◽  
Historical Interpretation ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Umayyad Dynasty ◽  
Full Independence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Biographical Study ◽  
Set Up

The Abbasid Empire emerged as the main power ruling the Muslim world in the year 132H/750CE with its centre in Baghdad, after defeating the Umayyad Dynasty in the battlefield. The Abbasid Empire began to achieve its golden age during the era of Caliph Harun al-Rashid (171-193H/787-809CE). However, the Abbasids gradually experienced decline after the rise of the Turkic military which was brought en masse during the rule of Caliph al-Mu‘tasim (218-226H/833-841CE). The Turkic military began to seize power and some of them set up their own small kingdoms. The most influential leader among the Turkic was Amir Ahmad ibn Tulun (254-270H/868-884CE), who succeeded in founding the Tulunid Kingdom in Egypt. Thus the objective of this research is to examine in detail the biography of Amir Ibn Tulun and attempt to understand and appraise from history, his attitude, interests and authority as the leading Tulunid ruler. This is in view of the close relationship partially between an individual’s current interests and behaviour with the environment in which he grew up. This is a qualitative research using historical and biographical study. This research uses documentation as a method of collecting data by focusing on primary and secondary sources. Analysis of data is descriptive using content analysis and interpretation of sources based on historical interpretation. Research results find that Ibn Tulun succeeded in laying down the ultimate benchmark in the history of Egypt by establishing his domain extending from Syria to the borders of Iraq in the East and to Libya in the West, and declaring full independence from the Abbasid Dynasty centred in Baghdad at that time

Budaya Satire pada Masa Dinasti Umayyah dalam Syair Hijā’ Al-Farazdaq

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-226
Author(s):  
Cahya Buana
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Political Satire ◽  
Religious Behavior ◽  
Qualitative Research Method ◽  
Umayyad Dynasty ◽  
Poetic Texts ◽  
Political Economic

Hijā’ atau satire adalah salah satu genre syair yang mengandung konten sinisme atau ejekan. Jenis puisi ini berkembang pesat pada masa Dinasti Umayyah. Penyair yang sangat terkenal dengan genre ini di antaranya adalah al-Farazdaq. Kajian ini bermaksud untuk mengungkap jenis budaya satire yang berkembang pada masa Bani Umayyah melalui syair al-Farazdaq serta latar belakang munculnya budaya tersebut. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, saya akan menggunakan metode penelitian qualitatif melalui pendekatan budaya dan sejarah pada teks-teks syair hija al-Farazdaq. Berdasarkan hasil analisis terungkap bahwa budaya satire yang berkembang pada masa Bani Umayah dalam puisi hija al-Farazdaq adalah jenis satire personal (al-hijā al-syakhsyi) yaitu satire yang menyerang pribadi seseorang dengan cara mengejeknya melalui hal-hal yang bersifat fisik, satire moral (al-hijā al-akhlāqi) yaitu sindiran-sindiran yang ditujukan kepada lawan karena dianggap memiliki moralitas yang rendah, satire politik (al-hijā al-siyāsi) yang digunakan untuk kepentingan politik, satire sosial (al-hijā al-ijtimāi) yaitu sindiran yang terkait perilaku sosial yang kurang lazim terjadi pada masyarakat pada umumnya dan satire agama (al-hijā al-dīnī) yaitu satire-satire yang digunakan untuk menyindir perilaku keagamaan seseorang. Adapun latar belakang munculnya budaya satire di antaranya disebabkan oleh motif politik, ekonomi dan fanatisme kesukuan.  Hijā' or satire is a genre of poetry that contains cynicism or mockeries. This type of poetry developed rapidly during the Umayyad Dynasty.  This study was intended to reveal the type of satirical culture in the era of Umayyads through al-Farazdaq’s poetry and the background of its emergence.  To achieve this purpose, I used a qualitative research method implementing cultural and historical approaches to read critically hija al-Farazdaq's poetic texts. The result of analysis revealed there were five kinds of satirical culture developing during the Umayyads in the poetry hija al-Farazdaq. There were a personal satire (al-hijā al-syakhsyi) attacked someone by mocking him through things that were physical; a moral satire (al-hijā al-akhlāqi), namely allusions that addressed the opponents because they were considered to have low morality; a political satire (al-hijā al-siyāsi) which was used for political purposes; a social satire (al-hijā al-ijtimāi) which was an allusion related to social behavior that were less common in the society in general; and a religious satire (al-hijā al-dīnī) which was used to insinuate one's religious behavior. The background for the emergence of satire culture were due to political, economic and tribal fanaticism.

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