scholarly journals Pattern of Dysglycaemia and Family Risk Factors for Diabetes Mellitus among Patients Attending General Outpatient Clinic of Federal Teaching Hospital Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gbadebo Oladimeji Ajani ◽  
Olusegun E. Gabriel-Alayode ◽  
Segun Alex Atolani ◽  
Michael Osisiogu Soje ◽  
Michael Adeyemi Olamoyegun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Family Risk Factors ◽  
Family Risk ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Study Population

Diabetes mellitus is a non-communicable disease that currently affects over 366 million people worldwide and its prevalence is likely to double by 2030. Therefore, the need to screen for diabetes mellitus has become an impetus. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of dysglycaemia and significance of familiar risk factors for diabetes mellitus among the study population. One hundred and thirty-two and 48 consecutive non-previously diagnosed DM and previously diagnosed DM patients respectively were recruited from the same clinic. An interviewer administered questionnaire was applied and blood samples were taken for blood glucose. The prevalence of dysglycaemia was 36.2% and only 40.6% of the diabetic patients who did fasting blood glucose had glycaemic control. Family history of Diabetes mellitus in the first generation was significantly associated with chance of developing diabetic mellitus in the study population. In conclusion, it is important physicians begin to be very proactive in the screening for blood glucose in order to detect them early and forestall complications that are associated with late diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Cigarette Smoking and Hyperglycaemia in Diabetic Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 634-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutiara Indah Sari ◽  
Nisrina Sari ◽  
Dewi Masyithah Darlan ◽  
Raka Jati Prasetya
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Hba1c Level ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Postprandial Glucose Level

BACKGROUND: The incidence rate of diabetes mellitus has increased throughout the year. Various studies indicate that smoking may affect glucose metabolism and cause hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to compare the blood glucose and HbA1c level in diabetic smoking patients and non-smoking diabetic patients.METHODS: This study used the cross-sectional approach. The study population consisted of 30 diabetic smoking patients and 30 non-smoking diabetic patients. The diabetes history and the smoking status of the study population obtained by questionnaire-based interview, the blood glucose and HbA1c level were measured by hexokinase and immunoturbidimetry method using cobas 6000 analyser module c501  (Roche Diagnostics, Switzerland).RESULTS: The result in this study showed the fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, and HbA1c were higher by 23.64 mg/dl (p = 0.325), 58.00 mg/dl (p = 0.016), 0.39% (p = 0.412) in smoking diabetic patients compared to non-smoking diabetic patients. After statistical analysis, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) of postprandial glucose level between smokers group and non-smokers group, but the non-significant difference of fasting blood glucose and HbA1cCONCLUSIONS: This study concluded that there was a significant difference in postprandial glucose level between smokers group and non-smokers group but the non-significant difference of fasting blood glucose and HbA1c.

Prevalence of Toenail Onychomycosis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Evaluation of Risk Factors

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aynur Gulcan ◽  
Erim Gulcan ◽  
Sukru Oksuz ◽  
Idris Sahin ◽  
Demet Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Epidemiologic Risk

Background: We sought to determine the frequency of toenail onychomycosis in diabetic patients, to identify the causative agents, and to evaluate the epidemiologic risk factors. Methods: Data regarding patients’ diabetic characteristics were recorded by the attending internal medicine clinician. Clinical examinations of patients’ toenails were performed by a dermatologist, and specimens were collected from the nails to establish the onycomycotic abnormality. All of the specimens were analyzed by direct microscopy and culture. Results: Of 321 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, clinical onychomycosis was diagnosed in 162; 41 of those diagnoses were confirmed mycologically. Of the isolated fungi, 23 were yeasts and 18 were dermatophytes. Significant correlations were found between the frequency of onychomycosis and retinopathy, neuropathy, obesity, family history, and duration of diabetes. However, no correlation was found with sex, age, educational level, occupation, area of residence, levels of hemoglobin A1c and fasting blood glucose, and nephropathy. The most frequently isolated agents from clinical specimens were yeasts. Conclusions: Long-term control of glycemia to prevent chronic complications and obesity and to promote education about the importance of foot and nail care should be essential components in preventing onychomycosis and its potential complications, such as secondary foot lesions, in patients with diabetes mellitus. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 101(1): 49–54, 2011)

scholarly journals Alterations of liver enzymes in T2DM: a case control study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1521
Author(s):  
Chandrashekhar G. S.
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Control Study

Background: Liver plays an important role in regulation of blood glucose in fed state as well as in fasting. Diabetes mellitus can result as a consequence of liver disorder and vice versa. Objective of the present study is to compare the liver enzymes in type 2 diabetic patients as compared to non-diabetic patients.Methods: A case- control study was conducted in Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Adarsha Super speciality Hospital, Udupi from April 2018 to August 2018. The data of 174 diabetic patients and 118 healthy people as controls was collected. Fasting blood glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were estimated in the study subjects.Results: It was found that AST levels (47.55±4.69U/L) in diabetics extremely significantly high as compared to controls (33.51±2.33U/L). ALT levels were insignificantly high in diabetics compared to controls. ALP was significantly elevated (p=0.0002) in diabetics. Correlation study showed a weak positive correlation between AST, ALT and blood glucose. Odds ratio showed a higher risk of liver enzyme elevation in diabetics. Risk of elevation of AST was found to be 1.65 times high and ALT was 1.25 times high in diabetics compared to non-diabetics.Conclusions: Diabetics had high liver enzymes as compared to non-diabetics. An association was found between type 2 diabetes mellitus and liver enzymes. For better characterization of cause and effect, further studies need to be done on alterations in liver function tests along with the histopathological analysis of liver biopsy samples.

scholarly journals Diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in urban adult population

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Rodrigues Júnior ◽  
Sandra Cristina Nicodemo Gaban ◽  
Elenir Rose Jardim Cury Pontes ◽  
Celso Correia Souza ◽  
Lilian Patussi Gimenes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes

Objective: Estimating the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in the urban population aged between 30 and 69 years in the municipality of Campo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Methods: Population-based cross-sectional study conducted between October/2009 and February/2011. The investigation included the determination of fasting glucose and participants with blood glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL were considered diabetic. Nondiabetic patients, which showed blood glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL and < 200 mg/dL, underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to investigate whether they had DM or IGT. Results: 1.429 individuals participated in this investigation. The general prevalence, adjusted for sex and age, were: 12.3% for DM (95%CI: 10.5 to 13.9%) and 7.1% for IGT (95%CI: 5.7 to 8.4%). There was a higher prevalence of DM with increasing age in people with low educational level, family history of diabetes, overweight, obesity and central obesity. Among diabetic patients (n = 195), 25% were unaware they had the disease and were diagnosed through investigation. Among patients who already knew they had DM (n = 146), 37% were unaware of the potential chronic complications. Conclusion: This study confirms the increased prevalence of DM in Brazil and emphasizes the need for early diagnosis, as well as the importance of strict adherence to medical treatment in order to prevent its much feared complications.

The Effect of Biochanin A as PPAR γ agonist on LDL Particles Diameter and Type 2 Diabetic Dyslipidemia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darya Ghadimi ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Taghi Goodarzi ◽  
Mahdi Bahmani ◽  
Zohre Khajehahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Biochanin A ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Diabetic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Ldl Particles

Background and Aims: Small dense  low-density lipoproteins (sd-LDL) particles are smaller and heavier than typical LDL ones. They can penetrate into the endothelium of coronary arteries more easily because of their small size. Diabetes mellitus is accompanied by dyslipidemia such as increasing concentration of plasma very low density lipoprotein and sd-LDL. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ ) can decrease the level of sd-LDL in plasma. Biochanin A (BCA), a natural compound, is a PPARγ agonist. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of BCA on sd-LDL-Clolesterol level in diabetic animals. Materials and Methods: Adult male rats (Wistar strain) were used as the animal models in this study. Animals were made diabetic by single intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin- Nicotinamide and then treated by 1 and 5 mg/kg of BCA for 28 days. Body weight and fasting blood glucose were also tested before and at the end of treatment. Furthermore, the size of LDL particles were measured by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis assay. Results: Results of the present study indicated that BCA administration at dose of 5mg/kg decreased fasting blood glucose level and increased body weight and diameter of LDL particles in diabetic animals significantly. Conclusions: BCA seems to be an appropriate agent in diabetes mellitus, because it improves the diabetic dyslipidemia, which is the most important complication in diabetic patients.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension: A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
S. Pavithra ◽  
S. Lavanya ◽  
P. Vaishnavi ◽  
A. Rakesh Rosario ◽  
Priyadharshini A ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Impact

COVID-19 is a pathogenic virus that caused a pandemic outbreak in December 2019. The impact of this virus may be severe in the patients having co-morbidities like diabetes, hypertension, Chronic Kidney Disease, cardiovascular disease, etc. Aim and Objectives: This study Aims in Assessing the impact of COVID-19 on Diabetic and Hypertensive patients as well as COVID-19 patients without any co-morbidities. Objective of this is to evaluate the association between COVID-19 and its risk factors (diabetes and hypertension) and to evaluate whether the severity of the symptoms in COVID-19 patients is due to comorbidities or past medications. Methodology: A Retrospective study was conducted in SRM Hospital (Medical Records Department) for a period of 3 Months with the study population 670 at the age group of 25, known case of Diabetes and Hypertension. Cases of Pregnant women are excluded from the study. The patients were grouped into 4 categories 1) control group (patient without any co-morbidities) 2) diabetic patients 3) Hypertensive patient 4) Diabetic+Hypertension patient and studied their prescribing pattern by collecting the past medication history. Results and Discussion: There is a significant decrease in a lymphocyte in covid-19 Type 2 diabetic patients in our study. These results suggest that different mechanism exists for hypertension and diabetes mellitus as risk factors for covid-19. It is also known that these patients have impaired immune response to many infections [30]. In our retrospective study, we collected 670 covid-19 cases. It consists of 12.5% of diabetic patients and 6.6% of hypertensive patients. This study compared COVID-19 patients without any comorbidity (neither Type 2 diabetes mellitus nor hypertension) with covid- 19 patients with comorbidities (Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension). COVID-19 patients with T2DM have an increased level of D-dimer compared to non-T2DM patients. Conclusion: Diabetic and hypertensive patients affected with COVID-19 are low in our study. Out of the total study population, only 12.5% are diabetic, 6.56% are hypertensive, and 9.25% were both diabetic and hypertensive. But when comparing in terms of severity, hypertensive and diabetic patients have severe effects than the control patients. In simpler terms, not every person who has diabetes and hypertension are affected with COVID-19, but those who were affected by COVID-19 showed more severity than the patients who don't have any comorbidities

scholarly journals Polymorphisms of Aldose Reductase (ALR2) Regulatory Gene are Risk Factors for Diabetic Retinopathy in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Bali, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desak Made Wihandani ◽  
Ketut Suastika ◽  
I Nyoman Agus Bagiada ◽  
Safarina G. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Aldose Reductase ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Regulatory Region

Aim: The study aimed to elucidate whether the polymorphisms of the aldose reductase regulatory gene were risk factors for Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Bali. Methods: This is a case-control study including 35 cases of T2DM patients with DR paired with 35 cases with non-DR as controls. PCR analysis and DNA-sequencing were carried out to detect the C(-106)T and C(-12)G polymorphisms at the regulatory region of Aldose Reductase (ALR2) gene. Genotype and allele distributions were analyzed by Chi-squared test and independent t-and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyze other data. Results: Among all subjects in both groups, the baseline characteristics were homogenous except for systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and 2-hours post-prandial blood glucose. This study found two polymorphisms, C(-104)T and C(-9)G, in the regulatory region of ALR2 gene. The result showed that the C(-104)T polymorphism was a risk factor for DR (OR=36; 95% CI = 4.43-292.85; p=0.001), but not the C(-9)G polymorphism (OR=1.28; 95% CI=0.48-3.38; p=0.621). Other findings in the study revealed that CC/CC haplotype is a protective factor for DR (OR=0.198; p=0.002), whereas CT/CC and CT/CG haplotypes as risk factors for DR with OR=15.58; p=0.002 and OR=2.29; p=0.005 respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that C(-104)T polymorphism in the regulatory region of Aldose Reductase (ALR2) gene was the risk factor for DR among T2DM patients in Bali, Indonesia. However, small sample size, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and 2-hours post-prandial blood glucose could affect our finding.

scholarly journals Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice about diabetes among diabetic patients of tertiary care centre in central India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 4065
Author(s):  
Vivek Nagar ◽  
Pankaj Prasad ◽  
Arun Mitra ◽  
Saket Kale ◽  
Kriti Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Poor Knowledge ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the major fast growing non-communicable disease (NCD) and causes threats to global public health. Prior to initiating an educational program or interventions for diabetic patients, their current level of knowledge (K), attitude (A), and practice (P) should be evaluated. The purpose of this study was thus to determined current diabetes-related knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of adults with Diabetes mellitus..Methods: Current study was cross sectional study from August to December 2014 in medicine outpatient department of Tertiary care hospital of Bhopal. A semi‑structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used for data collection, and it consisted of four sections.Results: A total of 150 study participants were enrolled for the study. Among them, 58% were male and 425 were female diabetic patients. Around 16% of the participants having good level of knowledge, 34.6% of participants have poor knowledge and 49.3% having moderate knowledge. Out of the total participant 43.3% have positive attitude and only 34% patients had positive practice.Conclusions: In our study most of the patients belong to moderate and poor knowledge score as well as negative practice and negative attitude that emphasizes the need for increasing diabetes awareness activities. The efforts should be more focussed on female patients, younger patients and those who have no family history of diabetes.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF HYPOTHYROIDISM IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Harish Basera ◽  
Dr. K.C. Pant
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction: Thyroid hormone deficiency can lead to adverse health effects even death, if left untreated. It is a pathological condition known as hypothyroidism. Most common symptoms of hypothyroidism in adults are weight gain, fatigue, lethargy, cold intolerance, constipation, and dry skin. These clinical presentations can differ with age and sex, among other factors. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), is associated with an increased risk of developing a number of clinical conditions, like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, lung disease, malignant condition, and psychiatric disorders, both before and after the diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is the chronic endocrine disease which is characterized by hyperglycemia resulting in impaired insulin secretion insulin resistance. Material and Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out at OPD of Dept. of Medicine at Govt. Doon Medical College and Hospital. The study period was between jan2019 to August 2019. The anthropometric measurements and demographic characteristics of patients included in the study were recorded. The clinical details and medications are entered into Excel sheet of Microsoft Excel 2013. Biochemical tests were done and reports were entered. Results: Prevalence of hypothyroidism in T2DM is found to be 10.94% in our study. Average BMI was observed to be 28.01 kg/m2 with SD of 3.39 kg/m2. Level of T3 and T4 were observed to be 0.98(0.23) ng/ml and 1.24(0.29) ng/ml respectively. Fasting blood glucose level was 133.05(17.81) mg/dl and post prandial blood glucose level was 201.54(27.33) mg/dl. Among all 112 patients, 71(63.39%) of cases had a family history of diabetes. Conclusion: It is noted that one-tenth of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus has hypothyroidism. BMI was noted to be more than 28 kg/m2 among all patients. Hypothyroidism may be prevalent in T2DM patients due to duration of diabetes, obesity. To confirm the findings, more studies in this area are required. Keywords: T2DM, Hypothyroidism, TSH, T3, T4.

scholarly journals Diabetes mellitus among patients attending TB clinics in Dar es Salaam: a descriptive cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia J. Munseri ◽  
Henrika Kimambo ◽  
Kisali Pallangyo
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background A bi-directional interaction between diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis is well established and has been likened to that between HIV and TB. Whereas HIV screening is standard of care test in sub Saharan Africa TB programs, the same is not true for diabetes mellitus (DM). Sub Saharan Africa, a region with high TB infection rates, is going through an epidemiological transition with rapidly rising prevalence of diabetes. We aimed at characterizing TB patients with DM in order to identify factors associated with TB-DM dual disease among patients attending TB clinics in Dar es Salaam. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2016 and January 2017 among patients attending TB clinics in Dar es Salaam. We collected socio-demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements and screened for diabetes by measuring fasting blood glucose that was followed by a 2 h postprandial glucose for participants with impaired fasting blood glucose. We examined for socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with diabetes using logistic regression analysis. Results Of the 660 enrolled participants with TB, 25 (3.8%) were on treatment for diabetes while 39 (6.1%) and 147 (23%) of the remaining 635 participants were ultimately diagnosed with DM and impaired fasting blood glucose respectively. The overall prevalence of DM was 9.7% (64/660). Independent risk factors for diabetes included: age > 44 years {OR 4.52, 95% CI: [1.28–15.89]}; family history of diabetes {OR 3.42, 95% [CI 1.88–6.21]}. HIV sero-positive TB patients were less likely to have DM compared to those who were HIV sero-negative {OR 0.35, 95% CI [0.17–0.73]}. Conclusions Screening for diabetes should be advocated for TB patients aged above 44 years and/or with a family history of diabetes. HIV sero-negative TB patients were more likely to have DM compared to those who were HIV sero-positive. Further studies are needed to confirm this observation and the underlying factors.

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