The Destruction of Orthodox Churches and Religious Buildings in the Modern Folklore Tradition of the Arkhangelsk Region

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
Наталья Васильевна Дранникова
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Transmission ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Arkhangelsk Region ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Stable Part ◽  
New Believers ◽  
Memory Knowledge

Статья посвящена анализу устных рассказов о разрушении православных культовых сооружений и уничтожению церковного имущества в повествовательной традиции Архангельской области. В исследовании используется традиционный подход - анализ сюжета и мотивов рассказов. Источниковую базу исследования составили материалы фольклорного архива САФУ. Они относятся к различным районам Архангельской области. Цель статьи заключается в выявлении основных мотивов архангельских рассказов о поругании святынь и их региональных особенностей. Материал неоднороден в жанровом отношении: это как «краткие свидетельства», так и структурно организованные «свидетельские показания». Религиозные рассказы являются частью местной исторической памяти, знание которой свидетельствует о развитой или неразвитой локальной идентичности сообщества. В современной фольклорно-речевой практике существует различное отношение к событиям, связанным с закрытием храмов и гонением на священнослужителей. В советский период была нарушена межпоколенная культурная трансмиссия. Знания и опыт старшего поколения были обесценены, поэтому различные поколения исполнителей демонстрируют различные ценностные ориентиры. В ранний постсоветский период, когда началось церковное возрождение и появилось много неофитов, рассказы о наказании за святотатство и поругание святынь вновь актуализировались. Однако мы приходим к выводу, что в современной фольклорной традиции происходит уничтожение мотива наказания как части фабулы, хотя долгое время рассказы с мотивом Божьей кары за святотатство считались наиболее устойчивой частью этой традиции. This article is devoted to oral narratives about sacrilege (the destruction of buildings and other Orthodox Church property) in the narrative tradition of the Arkhangelsk Region. The research takes a traditional approach, centering on the analysis of plots and narrative motifs. Materials for the study are from the folklore archive of the Northern (Arctic) Federal University and refer to different areas of the Arkhangelsk Region. The article’s aim is to identify the main motifs of these stories and their regional characteristics. The material is heterogeneous in the generic sense: there are both “brief testimonies” and more structurally organized “long testimonies.” Religious stories comprise part of local historical memory, knowledge of which testifies to a community’s sense of identity. In modern folklore and speech practice there are different attitudes to the events associated with the demolition of churches and the persecution of priests. Intergenerational cultural transmission was disrupted during the Soviet period; the knowledge and experience of the older generation was depreciated, so that different generations of informants demonstrate dissimilar value orientations. In the early post-Soviet period, when the church revival began and many new believers emerged, stories about punishment for sacrilege again became relevant. However, the author concludes that in the modern folklore tradition the plot motif of God’s punishment for sacrilege has disappeared, despite the fact that for a long time this motif was considered the most stable part of the narrative.

Institutional Historical Memory and History in Post-Soviet Belarus

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-73
Author(s):  
Alena Marková
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
Typical Feature ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
National History ◽  
Nationality Policy ◽  
Second Shift ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Government ◽  
Clear Shift

Abstract Belarusian institutional historical memory (as defined by Richard Ned Lebow) and the interpretation of Belarusian national history have experienced radical shifts in the past several decades. The first shift (1990–1994) was characterized by radical rejection of the interpretational and methodological patterns of the Soviet period, resulting in the creation of a new concept of Belarusian national history and historical narrative. The second shift in the existing historical narrative and institutional memory followed rapidly. It came with the transformation from a parliamentary republic into a parliamentary-presidential (1994) and then presidential republic (1996). The second wave demonstrated a clear shift towards a methodological, theoretical approach and terminological framework typical of the historiography of the Soviet period. These changes were in response to the growing demands for ideological control of institutionalized historical research supported by the government in the same decade. One of the characteristic features of recent Belarusian state-sponsored historiography (Lyč, Chigrinov, Marcuĺ, Novik and others) is the linking of post-Soviet national initiatives to Nazi occupation and collaboration in World War II. Another typical feature is simplifying historical explanations and often using undisguised pejorative terminology. The last shift in institutional historical memory also resulted in further re-interpretations of many symbolic centres and milestones of Belarusian history (for example, the period of the first years of post-Soviet independence, the introduction of new national symbols (Pahonia coat of arms and white-red-white flag) and the interwar nationality policy of Belarusization of the 1920s.)

THE CORE AND PERIPHERY OF THE CURRENT CULTURE OF ARTISTIC CREATION ABOUT THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR IN THE STUDENTS’ VIEWS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-149
Author(s):  
Elena N. NARKHOVA ◽  
Dmitry Yu. NARKHOV
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Student Culture ◽  
The Core ◽  
Musical Works ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Current Student ◽  
Historical Periods

This article analyzes the degree of demand for works of art (films and television films and series, literary and musical works, works of monumental art) associated with the history of the Great Patriotic War among contemporary students. This research is based on the combination of two theories, which study the dynamics and statics of culture in the society — the theory of the nucleus and periphery by Yu. M. Lotman and the theory of actual culture by L. N. Kogan. The four waves of research (2005, 2010, 2015, 2020) by the Russian Society of Socio¬logists (ROS) have revealed a series of works in various genres on this topic in the core structure and on the periphery of the current student culture; this has also allowed tracing the dynamics of demand and the “movement” of these works in the sociocultural space. The authors introduce the concept of the archetype of the echo of war. The high student recognition of works of all historical periods (from wartime to the present day) is shown. A significant complex of works has been identified, forming two contours of the periphery. Attention is drawn to the artistic work of contemporary students as a way to preserve the historical memory of the Great Patriotic War. This article explains the necessity of preserving the layer of national culture in order to reproduce the national identity in the conditions of informational and ideological pluralism of the post-Soviet period. The authors note the differentiation of youth due to the conditions and specifics of socialization in the polysemantic sociocultural space.

scholarly journals Implementation of the Principles of Social Justice in Modern social Policy (on the Example of the National Project «Human capital»)

Vestnik NSUEM ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 71-85
Author(s):  
A. I. Gretchenko ◽  
N. A. Kaverina
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
National Project ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article discusses the principles of social justice in time and space. The emphasis is on transforming the understanding of social justice in Russia’s social policy. Currently, the principle of social justice is implemented by the state in programs for the preservation and development of human capital. The national project «Human Capital» is focused on improving the level and quality of life of citizens, the accessibility of material and social capital, creating opportunities for self-realization and disclosing the talent of each person, and developing a system of social elevators. The authors analyze the change in perception of social justice in Russia for a long time. It is noted that at the beginning of the Soviet period the concept of «social justice» was practically not used. The term «justice» appeared in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia only in 1953, which is currently one of the most popular in public policy. Combining the economy with politics, social policy determines the direction of the main political forces and trends in the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals At the Origins of Dagestan Philosophy and Islamic Studies (to the 90th anniversary of the birth and 70th anniversary of the scientific, pedagogical and social activities of M.A. Abdullaev)

Islamovedenie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 95-106
Author(s):  
Kafarov Telman Emiralievich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
70Th Anniversary ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Religious Issues ◽  
Academic Scientist ◽  
90Th Anniversary ◽  
Scientific Pedagogical

The article highlights some important philosophical and Islamic views and works of the famous Russian, Dagestani scientist Abdullaev Magomed Abdullayevich, in connection with his 90th anniversary of the birth and 70th anniversary of scientific, pedagogical and social activities. The author notes the importance and relevance of the problems raised in numerous monographs and articles, especially the specifics of Islam in the Caucasus and Dagestan, and the uniqueness of regional Sufism. Thanks to the works of Magomed Abdullayevich, the original views of doz-ens of thinkers representing the multinational Republic were preserved in historical memory. It is emphasized that he is not only an academic scientist, but also a publicist whose works on topical religious issues played a constructive role in particularly dramatic periods of the development of our country and our republic. Overcoming the stereotypes in assessing Islam that formed during the Soviet period of the county’s development, he shows that it is an integrating factor for the entire culture and life of Dagestanis.

scholarly journals The Siberian Polonia in the second half of the 19th - early 20th century in the Polish historiography

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Vladimir Shaidurov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire

The period between the 19th – early 20th century witnessed waves of actively forming Polish communities in Russia’s rural areas. A major factor that contributed to the process was the repressive policy by the Russian Empire towards those involved in the Polish national liberation and revolutionary movement. Large communities were founded in Siberia, the Volga region, Caucasus, and European North of Russia (Arkhangelsk). One of the largest communities emerged in Siberia. By the early 20th century, the Polonia in the region consisted of tens of thousands of people. The Polish population was engaged in Siberia’s economic life and was an important stakeholder in business. Among the most well-known Polish-Siberian entrepreneurs was Alfons Poklewski-Koziell who was called the “Vodka King of Siberia” by his contemporaries. Poles, who returned from Siberian exile and penal labor, left recollections of their staying in Siberia or notes on the region starting already from the middle of the 19th century. It was this literature that was the main source of information about the life of the Siberian full for a long time. Exile undoubtedly became a significant factor that was responsible for Russia’s negative image in the historical memory of Poles. This was reflected in publications based on the martyrological approach in the Polish historiography. Glorification of the struggle of Poles to restore their statehood was a central standpoint adopted not only in memoirs, but also in scientific studies that appeared the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. The martyrological approach dominated the Polish historiography until 1970s. It was not until the late 20th century that serious scientific research started utilizing the civilizational approach, which broke the mold of the Polish historical science. This is currently a leading approach. This enables us to objectively reconstruct the history of the Siberian Polonia in the imperial period of the Russian history. The article is intended to analyze publications by Polish authors on the history of the Polish community in Siberia the 19th – early 20th century. It focuses on memoirs and research works, which had an impact on the reconstruction of the Siberian Polonia’s history. The paper is written using the retrospective, genetic, and comparative methods.re.

scholarly journals Value orientations of the inhabitants of the Arctic territories of Russia in the intergenerational context (on the example of the Arkhangelsk region)

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
K.O. Malinina ◽  
◽  
T.A. Blynskaia
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Value System ◽  
State Management ◽  
Arkhangelsk Region ◽  
The Russian Federation

Discussed is upon the issue of state management of the socio-economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The special role of the Arctic territories in the economic development of our country is noted. The need is indicated to look at the problems of the Russian Arctic from the other side — from the side of human potential, which is one of the driving forces of the economy. The authors present some of the results of a sociological study conducted by them in the Arctic territories of Russia (in particular, in the Arkhangelsk region). The study is devoted to the intergenerational differentiation of value orientations. Its methodological basis, among others, was formed by the scientific views of R. Inglehart and K. Welzel, who believe that the condition that precedes socio-political and economic modernization is the transformation of the value orientations of the majority of the population. The value system, according to scientists, is quite stable within the life of one generation, and therefore, it makes sense to track changes based on the differences between generations. On the basis of the Theory of Generations, a toolkit was developed that makes it possible to identify the parameters of the value system of residents of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) belonging to different generations. The main method for collecting empirical data was a semi-structured in-depth interview with representatives of the selected generations.

scholarly journals Transformations of the Food Practices in Modern Russia: the Institutional and Discursive Determinants

2014 ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
N. N. Zarubina
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Food Practices ◽  
Economic Stratification ◽  
Institutional Determinants ◽  
Institutional Organization ◽  
Food Market ◽  
The One

The author analyzes the transformation of the Russian food practices and reveals their discursive and institutional determinants. Feeding practices go beyond the satisfaction of biological needs of human food. They include a range of habitual actions, structured by the rules that are not determined by the physiology and the economy as a system of food production, but social institutions, cultural values, traditions and dominant discourses. Dynamics of food plays practices inherent peculiarities of Russian modernization transformations, which consist in the inversion transition character diametrically opposite types of the institutional organization and value orientations. During the period of economic reforms of the 90-th years of the twentieth century, there was a sharp institutional transition from the Soviet system of distribution of the food to the market system. It turned out to shock for most of the population and led to a controversial change in food practices. On the one hand, the deficit of food disappeared, on the other hand due to the socio-economic stratification the inequality has increased. In addition, the food market was almost completely dominated by profit-oriented manufacturers and retailers, which gave rise to problems of quality and food safety. These problems led to the actualization and interpenetration of medikalized and environmental discourses which reflect a massive concern. The food market development has also led to the marketization and spektaklization of the food practices. This is reflected in the promotion of products through a system of symbols that appeal to irrational emotions, myths, habits and traditions. Diverse discourses of the food practices - medikalizationed, environmental, hedonistic and other discourses, appear as a show representing the various, sometimes conflicting, rules of everyday activities. The functionality of the spektaklization is that it maintains an interest in the field of nutrition as a cultural phenomenon; emphasizes its importance and value. The spektaklization of food is in line traceable to the post-Soviet period general trend of increasing attention to the daily life, transforming it from a repressed and insignificant in the scope of the object of attention and cultivation.

Information propagation based on historical memory

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 2050005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuzhong Nian ◽  
Anhui Cong ◽  
Rendong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Network Model ◽  
Critical Path ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Information Propagation ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Memory Strength ◽  
Network Information ◽  
Long Time ◽  
With Memory

This paper aims at the phenomenon of information selective propagation based on historical memory. A network model with memory strength and edge strength is established. The information propagation model with memory-clustering ability is designed with SIR model. And unsupervised learning is introduced to modify the performance. Based on the new network model, the core network and critical path that play a key role in the information propagation are found through the K-shell decomposition method. The research shows that the memory network contains an inertial channel for information propagation, it makes information propagation smooth. And information is selectively propagated in the new network, information is more inclined to propagate between nodes with powerful memory strength and close connections, in other words, people are more willing to propagate information to old friends who have been in contact for a long time instead of new friends.

scholarly journals Education, historical memory and civil identity: vectors of influence (on the example of students of Republic of Mordovia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-60
Author(s):  
Tatyana M. Dadaeva
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Social Events ◽  
Patriotic Education ◽  
The Republic

Introduction. The article presents for the first time the results of the study of the influence of education, historical memory on the formation of civil identity of modern students of the Republic of Mordovia. Clarification and identification of the vectors of historical memory influence in the formation of civic identity through the prism of the education level of young people not only allows to set the existing problems and contradictions, but also to determine the dominant factors and mechanisms (tools) the formation of youth historical memory to effectively use them to reinforce patriotic education, active involvement of the younger generation to meaningful social events of the Russian history through various social institutions such as education, science, art, cinema, media. Materials and Methods. In the course of the study was used a sociological survey of students of universities and colleges of the Republic of Mordovia. Quota sampling by sex, age and level of education was applied. The sample amounted to 586 h. data processing was carried out by using the statistical software package SPSS Base 21.0. Processing techniques made identification of correlation between individual parameters, the Pearson’s Chi-squared. Results. It is based on the identified vectors of mutual influence of education, the historical memory of the civilian identity of student youth set a certain ambivalence and inconsistency in the perception of the historical events of the past among young people, on the one hand is a high assessment of the achievements of the Soviet period, when the collective positive memory of the Soviet past prevails, forming positive attitude to the event the youth is the foundation for sustainable nationwide identity, on the other hand, the events of the modern history of Russia are not significant in the historical consciousness of young people. The author established the importance of the level of education of young people when choosing the main events – “nodes” of memory, events-regret (oblivion), sources of formation. Discussion and Conclusion The question of the influence of individual memory (family memories) on the construction of students’ identity and its comparison with the influence of collective memory remains open, which requires further research. The obtained results expand and supplement knowledge in the field of sociology of youth and memory studies, and can also be used as scientific and methodological recommendations in the development of curricula for teaching historical knowledge in the system of school, secondary vocational and higher education and in priorities determining in the system of youth patriotic education.

scholarly journals Religion as a Subject of Philosophical Research

2003 ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
A.Ye. Zaluzhna
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Life Meaning ◽  
Search For Meaning ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Moral Person ◽  
Cultural Paradigm ◽  
The People ◽  
The Individual

Changing the worldview and cultural paradigm of the modern world with the inherent transformation of value orientations and the search for the life-meaning foundations of being leads to increased interest in the problems of spirituality. After all, spirituality is the most important pillar of human existence and the highest principle that determines the essence of man and his over-welcoming purpose. In the historical memory of the people, in its cultural traditions, spirituality has been sanctified for millennia by a religion that sought to restrain primitive instincts and affirmation at all levels of being a moral person. Religion, as a spiritual phenomenon, is directly connected with man, with his attachment to the high meanings and the semantic fullness of being in general. The search for meaning promotes a person beyond the limits of the actual being given to him and ensures the integrity of the individual, affirmation of the person as an origin and bringing it to the culture and values.

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