scholarly journals STUDI ETNOZOOLOGI DI SUB DAS MENDALAM SEKITAR KAWASAN TAMAN NASIONAL BETUNG KERIHUN KAPUAS HULU

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Angreani ◽  
Hari Prayogo ◽  
Hafiz Ardian
Keyword(s):  
Grade Level ◽  
National Park ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Artistic Value ◽  
The People

Local communities around Betung Kerihun National Park, especially people who live around the Mendalam River, still use forest resources. One of them is fauna. One of the ethnic communities in the Mendalam River in a Datah Diaan village is Dayak Kayaan and Dayak Punan Bukat. Utilization and use of these animals by the local community has become a tradition for the generations. The people who live around the Mendalam River use a lot of wild animals around them because their residence is surrounded by forests which are still good or protected. This research aims to collect the data of types of animals, which are used by indigenous people in the Mendalam River in their daily lives. This research was conducted by using survey method and the respondents were taken by using snowball sampling. The results showed that there were 85 species of animals that were used by Dayak Kayaan and Dayak Punan Bukat community. Based on grade level, there were 8 classes of animals used, namely Mammals, Amphibians, Aves, Molluscs, Pisces, Reptiles, Insects and Crustaceans, and the most used animals were from the pisces class which consists of 26 types and at least 1 amphibian was used. These animals were used for various needs such as for consumption, treatment, supernatural or mystical, omens, artistic value, and others. The most used animal was for consumption as much as 50%, for treatment was 25%, for ritual or mystical or omens was 15%, for art was 5%, and the use of animals for other was 5%. Keywords: Dayak Kayan, Dayak Punan Bukat, Ethnozoology

scholarly journals Etnobotani Buah Edibel Pada Masyarakat Dayak Tahol Di Kabupaten Malinau, Kalimantan Utara

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
DT Ardiansyah ◽  
Medi Hendra ◽  
Dwi Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Annual Plant ◽  
Plant Type ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
High Diversity

Forest has been considered as one of natural resources that could brought benefits for Dayak community based on their ecological and economical values. Edible fruits are annual plant type that could grow fruits and can be consumed. This study was held to obtain data, what type of plant that is utilized by Dayak Tahol community in their daily lives and how they utilize the edible fruits from Malinau district. This study was conducted by using explorative survey method, which is divided into two steps: first, the edible fruits inventory which is familiar by local people; second, observation at the local community and this method is supported by approach and sampling technique. This result showed that the total known edible fruits plant was about fifty two genus obtained from twenty five families and 2.207 individual species in total, moreover Shanoon-Winner diversity index (H’= 3.49) can be grouped in high diversity (H’ > 3).

An evaluation of a community-based forest restoration programme in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park, West Java, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Tintin Retno Pramesti ◽  
Rita Retnowati ◽  
Dolly Priatna
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
National Park ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Product Evaluation ◽  
Input Process ◽  
Programme Implementation ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The People ◽  
Degraded Ecosystems

Forest restoration is needed to improve the condition of degraded ecosystems and boost up the ecological services. The existence of forest areas, especially in Indonesia, cannot be separated from the livelihoods of the people living around them. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the feasabiluty of the community-based forest restoration programme, implemented by the Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park Agency (BBGGPNP) and its partners, is feasible and can support efforts to restore forest ecosystem functioning and build community independence in managing the forest ecosystem. This study used the Context, Input, Process and Product (CIPP) method. This is an evaluation model which provides an analytical and rational basis for programme decision-making, based on a cycle of planning, structuring, implementing and reviewing and revising decisions, examined through a different aspect of evaluation –context, input, process and product evaluation. Data were obtained from field observations, interviews and document analysis. Aspects of the programme ‘Context’ were found to be categorized as good and can become the basis for programme implementation, Programme ‘Inputs’ were also determined to be good, and fulfilled the criteria required to support the achievement of programme objectives. The ‘Process’ aspects were found to be sufficient, with key areas for improvement included the need for better coordination with partners and the need to respond to technical restoration requirements by adjusting the area of land to be restored, the number of trees to be planted, and by considering the technical rule of restoration. The ‘Product’ aspect of the programme were shown to be good, is shown by the achievement of the target amount and growth of trees and the increased capacity of human resources as well as the development of independent businesses in the ex-encroachers who were the programme participants. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the community-based forest restoration programme such as conducted by the GGPNP Agency is feasible and can be implemented in similar sites.Restorasi hutan diperlukan untuk memperbaiki fungsi ekosistem hutan yang terdegradasi. Keberadaan kawasan hutan, khususnya di Indonesia, tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan penghidupan masyarakat yang tinggal di sekitarnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi apakah program restorasi hutan berbasis pemberdayaan masyarakat yang dilaksanakan oleh Balai Besar Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango (BBTNGGP) bersama mitranya, layak serta dapat mendukung upaya pemulihan ekosistem dan membangun kemandirian masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode CIPP, yaitu model evaluasi pada aspek Context, Input, Process dan Product. Data diperoleh dari hasil observasi lapangan, wawancara dan analisa dokumen. Berdasarkan analisis data, dapat disimpulkan bahwa program restorasi hutan berbasis pemberdayaan masyarakat layak untuk diterapkan sebagai upaya memulihkan ekosistem dan membangun kemandirian masyarakat di sekitar hutan. Aspek Konteks program berkategori baik dan dapat menjadi dasar utama pelaksanaan program, Aspek Input program baik, telah memenuhi kriteria yang mendukung tercapainya tujuan program, Aspek Proses berkategori cukup, perlu melakukan koordinasi yang lebih baik dengan pihak mitra untuk lebih berkomitmen dan perlu untuk melakukan penyesuaian antara target luasan lahan yang direstorasi dengan jumlah pohon yang ditanam dengan mempertimbangkan aturan teknis restorasi. Aspek Produk berkategori baik ditunjukkan dengan tercapainya target jumlah dan pertumbuhan pohon dan meningkatnya kapasitas SDM serta terbangunnya usaha mandiri pada masyarakat eks perambah yang menjadi peserta program.

scholarly journals KEARIFAN LOKAL MASYARAKAT ADAT DAYAK HIBUN DALAM MELESTARIKAN HUTAN TERINGKANG DI DUSUN BERUAK DESA GUNAM KECAMATAN PARINDU KABUPATEN SANGGAU

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sely Indri Prameswari ◽  
Iskandar A M ◽  
Slamet Rifanjani
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Depth Interview

Dayak hibun people cannot be separated from the forest in their daily lives. they maintain the preservation of the surrounding forest, one of which is the caged forest. The research aimed to collect information regardingthe local wisdomPublicDayak Hibun  in Beruak, Gunam Village, Parindu Subdistrict, Sanggau Regency, in an effort to preserve the teringkang forest. The research method using survey method, and the technique of data collection was snowball sampling. The data was obtained through a depth-interview and interview guideline as a reference. The results of the data analysis show that there are several forms of local wisdom practiced in gunam village, namely 1. (a) prohibition of cutting down the trees, (b) opening the Teringkang forest for farming, (c) burning goods such as shrimp paste and fish, (d) taking and killing animals, (e) urinating and defecating in the Teringkang Forest, 2. belief in the presence of Bunyik (ghosts), having rituals entering the Teringkang Forest, and Keeping words politeness, 3. Hence the community has belief in mystical matters, 4. Therefore, the Teringkang Forest is still preserved up until today.Keywords: Dayak Hibun, Local Wisdom, Teringkang Forest

scholarly journals Reserva Extrativista Marinha Mestre Lucindo (PA): Processo de criação e perspectivas para o turismo

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul Ivan Raiol de Campos ◽  
Mara Dayane Silva Nascimento ◽  
Symone da Costa Mendonça
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Marine Reserve ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Extractive Reserve ◽  
The People ◽  
Tourism Community

O objetivo geral do presente estudo foi analisar a participação e o envolvimento da comunidade local no processo de criação Reserva Extrativista Marinha Mestre Lucindo localizada no município de Marapanim no estado do Pará. Teve como objetivo específico identificar quais comunidades da REM que já trabalham com o turismo e saber as expectativas dos usuários da REM para o futuro do turismo na referida Unidade de Conservação. Para o desenvolvimento do estudo foram realizados levantamentos e análises em bibliografias que forneceram subsídios teóricos e conceituais para a pesquisa. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada com entrevistas e aplicação de questionários, bem como a observação do modo de vida de duas comunidades. Os resultados mostram que a maioria da população desconhece que seu território se tornou uma Unidade de Conservação, mas associam a criação da UC com a melhoria na qualidade de vida. O turismo acontece de forma desornada, embora a REM tenha grande potencial turístico. Porém, há falta de planejamento e organização. Propõe-se o planejamento do turismo de base comunitária para valorizar o conhecimento tradicional e atividades sustentáveis das comunidades locais. Mestre Lucindo Extractive Marine Reserve (PA, Brazil): Creation Process and Tourism Perspectives ABSTRACT The main objective of the current study was to analyze the participation and involvement of the local community in the process of creation of the Mestre Lucindo Extractive Marine Reserve located in the municipality of Marapanim in the state of Pará (Brazil). The specific objectives were to identify which communities of the Extractive Reserve already work with tourism and to know the expectations of the Reserve users for the future of tourism in this protected area. For the development of this study, surveys and analysis were conducted to provide theoretical and conceptual basis for the research. Field research was conducted involving interviews and application of questionnaires, and also observation of daily lives of two communities. The results indicate that the majority of the people living in the Reserve is unaware that their territory became a protected area, but they relate the protected area creation as an improvement of life quality. Tourism takes place disorganized, however the Reserve has a great touristic potential. But, it lacks proper planning and organization. It is proposed community-based tourism planning in order to value tradicional knwoledge and sustainable activities of local communities. KEYWORDS: Participation; Extractive Reserve; Protected Area; Tourism; Community.

Partnership Schemes - A Solution to Sustain Raw Materials of Plywoods in Lombok Island

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 365
Author(s):  
Etty SUSILOWATI ◽  
R. Maulana Aliif AKBAR
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Wood Industry ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
The People ◽  
Fierce Competition

The increasing number of community plantation forests in Indonesia, specializing in plywood, has improved the size of this market. Many companies succeed in this business, creating fierce competition for raw material supplies. Additionally, the Indonesian government has intensified the wood industry production in 2015 so that several fast growing and shortage timber species were introduced. However, this great opportunity is also faced with the challenge that timber exported overseas must be certified. The existence of middlemen in the business supply chain can potentially disrupt the business with unsustainable procedures and can harm the environment. In this study, we investigated the requirements of a partnership to establish a sustainable partnership with the local communities, to provide a sustainable environmental development in Lombok and to deliver profitable business prospects to the wood industries. This research focused on investigating Dharma Satya Nusantara Group (DSNG)’s challenge to obtain and to secure raw materials of wood to maintain and to sustain its future plywood manufacturing businesses. A qualitative method was employed by using snowball sampling of 17 individuals, including farmers, landowners, NGOs, middlemen, and logistic companies. Finally, a triangulation method was employed to analyze the data. Our findings proved that a mediator was needed to find mutual goals between private sectors in the local community. The mediator position should be neutral and prohibit from taking a side. DSNG as the buyer could utilize an expert practitioner that would act as a mediator to connect with the people, while the farmers would be supported by cooperation as their connector to DSNG. Finally, a collectivist culture, mutual trust, solidarity, teamwork, and education were essential factors for sustainable partnership.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN TUMBUHAN SUMBER PANGAN DI DESA SETIA JAYA KECAMATAN TERIAK KABUPATEN BENGKAYANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 759
Author(s):  
Mega Kristina ◽  
Togar Fernando Manurung ◽  
Lolyta Sisillia
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
The People ◽  
Bamboo Shoots ◽  
Use Values ◽  
Snowball Sampling Technique

The research objective was to determine the plant food sources used by the people of Setia Jaya Village, Teriak District, Bengkayang Regency. The research was conducted on 11 April 2019 - 9 May 2019. The research method used a survey method, while the interviews were conducted using a snowball sampling technique. Based on the research conducted, 50 plant species were found with 28 types of families, namely Anarcaceae, Verberanaceae, Oxalidaceae, Moraceae, Malvaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Myrtaceae, Fabaceae, Auriculariaceae, Sapindaceae, Melastomataceae, Bromeliaceae, Annonaceae, Poaceae, Arecaceae, Piperceae, Meliaceae, Passifloraceae, Zigiberaceae, Solanaceae, Robiaceae, Dryopteriaceae, Gnetaceae, Blechnaceae, Schizophyllaceae, Caricaceae, Tricholomataceae and Bombaceae. Food source plants have use values as follows: mango, star fruit, durian, rubber, papaya, koko, red fern, green fern, jackfruit, soursop, petai, bamboo shoots and cassava as much as 1, starfruit, bebuas, cempedak, as much as durian kawai. 0.966667, Lingkodok as much as 0.766667, durian kawai as much as 0.966667, water guava, taro, melinjo, and mentawa as much as 0.6, guava as much as 0.7, kedondong and langsat as much as 0.666667, longan and purple eggplant 0.63333, candlenut as much as 0.233333, white mushrooms as much as 0.266667, fungus and ear mushrooms as much as 0.2, kelampai and pineapple as much as 0.3, areca as much as 0.933333, sago as much as 0.366667, pepper, salak and bay leaves as much as 0.5, lelatup as much as 0.166667, betel and breadfruit as much as 0.466667, tamarind eggplant as much as 0.566667 and ciplukan as much as 0.4.Keywords: Food Plants, Tembawang Forest, Utilization

scholarly journals Pengembangan Wisata Religi Makam Gus Dur di Kabupaten Jombang Pendekatan: Community Based Tourism

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-208
Author(s):  
Septa Mega Hera Kartika ◽  
Herman Cahyo Diartho ◽  
Fajar Wahyu Prianto
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The People ◽  
Religious Tourism ◽  
The Government

Religious Tourism Development of Gus Dur Sanctuary in Jombang Regency: Community Based Tourism Approach Community based tourism is the concept of tourism development by involving the people or community in its activities and management. This study aims to determine priority factors that may affect community based tourism and development strategy of Gus Dur sanctuary religious tourism in Jombang Regency. The analytical method used in this case is Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) analysis. Based on the results of AHP analysis, it was found that the activity of the organization or society groups (0.382), increased cooperation government and society (0.269), the addition of facilities and infrastructure (0.182), and manufacture of regulation (0.167), factor activity of organizations/communities are considered most important in determining the priority development of religious tourism of Gus Dur sanctuary. The results SWOT analysis obtained, six development strategies, namely to involve the local community in tourism development and empowerment activities, to facilitate the development of business/industry through microcredits that can support people’s economy, to optimize the role of the government to increase the planned development targets, to facilitate development of home business/industry through courses and training institutions, improve cooperation with private sector to support tourism development, and improve cooperation between community and government or private sector in developing local economy.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KONDISI SOSIAL EKONOMI MASYARAKAT ATAS KEBERADAAN TAMAN NASIONAL TANJUNG PUTING DI KELURAHAN KUMAI HULU KABUPATEN KOTAWARINGIN BARAT

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Nindra Nindra ◽  
Arfa Agustina Rezekiah ◽  
Daniel Itta
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The People ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village ◽  
New Jobs

The socioeconomic aspects of the community around the ecotourism site will have an impact on the existence of community-based ecotourism, as well as the existence of Tanjung Puting National Park. This research aims to analyze the impact of Tanjung Puting National Park on the socio-economic condition of the people of Kumai Hulu Village. The location of the research was chosen the location of the village closest to TNTP. A sample of 98 respondents was taken purposively sampling on the grounds of the location of the village closest to ecotourism. Research methods by conducting interviews, observations and documentation. The data analysis used in this study is qualitative descriptive analysis. The impact of TNTP on social conditions in Kumai Hulu Village is high and for economic conditions is being seen with increasing economic opportunities such as trade, lodging and klotok transportation business. Tourism development will certainly have an impact on the conditions around tourism, both in the form of positive impacts such as improving people's living standards by creating new jobs and increasing people's incomes. The negative impact with this TNTP such as the price of basic and local goods increased and the cost of building facilities and infrastructure also increased.Aspek sosial ekonomi masyarakat yang ada disekitar lokasi ekowisata akan berdampak terhadap keberadaan ekowisata berbasis masyarakat, begitu pun dengan adanya Taman Nasional Tanjung Puting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisisis dampak Taman Nasional Tanjung Puting terhadap kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat Kelurahan Kumai Hulu. Penetapan lokasi penelitian dipilih lokasi kelurahan yang paling dekat dengan TNTP. Sampel responden untuk dilakukan wawancara berjumlah 98 orang yang diambil secara purposive sampling dengan alasan lokasi kelurahan yang paling dekat dengan ekowisata. Metode penelitian dengan melakukan wawancara, observasi serta dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Dampak adanya TNTP terhadap kondisi sosial di Kelurahan Kumai Hulu adalah tinggi dan untuk kondisi ekonomi adalah sedang hal ini terlihat dengan meningkatnya peluang ekonomi seperti perdagangan, penginapan serta usaha transportasi klotok. Pengembangan pariwisata tentu saja akan memberikan dampak terhadap kondisi sekitar pariwisata, baik berupa dampak positif seperti meningkatkan taraf hidup masyarakat dengan menciptakan lapangan pekerjaan baru serta meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat. Dampak negative dengan adanya TNTP ini seperti harga barang-barang pokok dan lokal meningkat dan biaya pembangunan sarana dan prasarana juga meningkat.

Does community-based care have an effect on public attitudes toward the mentally ill?

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 282-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Rössler ◽  
HJ Salize ◽  
B Voges
Keyword(s):  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Representative Samples

SummaryIn this cross-sectional study we have investigated the attitudes and feelings toward the mentally ill among the residents of two Central European regions which are at considerably different stages of development in moving toward community-based care, to see if we could connect differing patterns of attitudes in the two regions to the varying levels of development of psychiatric care. By using the telephone survey method, representative samples of interviewees were presented with two complexes of questions, measuring the social distance of the interviewee to the mentally ill and his/her feelings toward the mentally ill. Social rejection and feelings of the people toward the mentally ill in both regions were similar in the direction they took, however not so much in the intensity. The population of the community care area showed a slightly stronger rejection. But factor analysis clearly suggests a more rational and sophisticated position toward the patients in this population. The people living in the custodially-oriented catchment area, on the other hand, showed a more vague pattern in their attitudes.

scholarly journals Moderate Islam and the Social Construction of Multi-Ethnic Communities

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-239
Author(s):  
Zaenuddin Hudi Prasojo ◽  
Elmansyah Elmansyah ◽  
Muhammed Sahrin Haji Masri
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Region Data ◽  
Local Potentials ◽  
Religion And Ethnicity

This article discusses the social construction of culture and inter-ethnic relations within the daily lives of the people of West Kalimantan. Religion and ethnicity have played central roles in the identity dynamics of its multi-ethnic communities; they have also contributed to communal conflicts, with religious and cultural sentiments common throughout the region. Islam has become an important religion in West Kalimantan, as it is practiced by more than half of the province's population. This article explores the local potential of communities and the opportunity to promote better Islamic development in the region's hinterland after the collapse of the Islamic sultanates that had introduced Islam into this region. Data were obtained from ten different locations in Mempawah, Landak, and Sanggau Regencies, all of which are considered part of West Kalimantan's hinterland and are relatively homogenous in their demographics, religions, and customs. Over two years of research, we noted important local potentials and wisdoms in the region, finding that these complemented Islam within local communities' everyday lives. These local potentials and wisdoms included beliefsthat serving food strengthens brotherhood, friendliness is a key to success, lineage is a gift that should be appreciated, and serving guests brings happiness, as well as an ethos that promotes hard work and good manners. Artikel ini didasarkan pada hasil penelitian yang mendalam tentang konstruksi sosial yang meliputi persoalan budaya dan hubungan antar etnis yang menjadi isu penting pada masyarakat Kalimantan Barat. Agama dan etnisitas memiliki peran sentral dalam dinamika identitas kehidupan masyarakat yang multi-etnis ini, sehingga konflik yang didorong oleh sentimen agama dan budaya pun terjadi berulang kali di wilayah ini. Islam yang berkembang di Kalimantan Barat menjadi salah satu agama yang memiliki peran sentral, karena dipeluk oleh lebih dari separuh masyarakat Kalimantan Barat. Artikel ini mendiskusikan tentang bagaimana potensi lokal yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat dan peluang Islam untuk berkembang lebih baik dalam konteks bahwa Islam berkembang di wilayah pedalaman pasca runtuhnya beberapa kesultanan Islam yang berhasil membawa Islam ke pedalaman Kalimantan Barat. Potensi lokal tersebut terungkap dari berbagai kearifan lokal yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat yang ditemukan dalam penelitian selama kurun waktu dua tahun. Data diperoleh dari sepuluh titik lokasi yang berbeda di wilayah Kabupaten Mempawah, Kabupaten Landak, dan Kabupaten Sanggau yang dianggap sebagai pedalaman Kalimantan Barat. Daerah – daerah tersebut adalah wilayah pedesaan yang memiliki homogenitas penduduk, baik dari segi suku, agama, dan adat istiadat. Beberapa bentuk potensi lokal yang bersambut dengan Islam dari kalangan masyarakat lokal meliputi kepercayaan terhadap kulinari yang dapat mempererat persaudaraan, tradisi warisan budaya untuk persahabatan dengan alam sebagai kunci kesuksesan, keturunan sebagai anugerah yang tidak boleh ditolak, memuliakan tamu sebagai kunci kebahagiaan, bekerja keras, dan tata karma yang tinggi. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document