scholarly journals ORAL CONSUMPTION OF CAFFEINATED ENERGY DRINKS AFFECTS THE MORPHOFUNCTIONAL STATE OF STRESS-ASSOCIATED ENDOCRINE GLANDS

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Posterior Pituitary ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Oral Consumption ◽  
Serum Serotonin

The aim of the research was to study the features of the morphofunctional state of the pineal gland, neurohypophysis and adrenal medulla, as well as the сontent of serotonin and catecholamine in the blood serum of rats against the background of energy drink administration during two weeks. In animals that consumed energy drinks during two weeks at a dose of 6 ml per kg of body weight, serum serotonin and catecholamine levels were determined. Histological, including morphometric, studies of the epiphysis, posterior pituitary and adrenal medulla were performed. Against the background of energy drink administration, an increase in the content of blood serum serotonin, norepinephrine and epinephrine was detected. The morphofunctional state of the endocrine glands investigated in the present study is strongly stimulated. Indirect signs of apoptosis of parenchymal cells in the pineal gland, neurohypophysis and adrenal medulla were established. The studied stress-associated endocrine glands in animals against the background of the two-week intake of energy drinks have signs of a sharp stimulation of hormone production (serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and vasopressin). Oral consumption of energy drinks during two weeks by experimental animals led to morphological changes in the pineal gland (prevalence of indolamine-producing pinealocytes), an increased load on these cells and probably their faster and frequent apoptosis. The number of pinealocytes in the pineal gland decreases and their morpho-functional load increases.2. Short-term administration (14 days) of caffeinated energy drinks affects the morphofunctional state of posterior pituitary, which can be highly likely interpreted as a result of overproduction of vasopressin.3. Overproduction of serotonin by pynea-locytes and catecholamine by adrenal glands is confirmed by their higher levels in blood serum of animals after the two-week-long intake of energy drinks compared to the control group.

scholarly journals Energy Drinks and Their Adverse Health Effects: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 194173812094918
Author(s):  
Ibrahim M. Nadeem ◽  
Ajaykumar Shanmugaraj ◽  
Seaher Sakha ◽  
Nolan S. Horner ◽  
Olufemi R. Ayeni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pertinent Data ◽  
Energy Drink Consumption

Context: Energy drinks are the fastest growing product in the beverage industry. However, there is concern regarding potential for adverse effects with use. Objective: To evaluate the reported adverse effects of energy drink consumption. Data Sources: The electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed were searched for relevant studies from inception to November 2019, and pertinent data were abstracted. Study Selection: Only clinical studies reporting adverse events after energy drink consumption were included. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Data Extraction: Data regarding sample size characteristics, energy drink characteristics, comparators, and all adverse events were extracted in duplicate and recorded. Results: A total of 32 studies and 96,549 individuals were included. Frequently reported adverse events in the pediatric population were insomnia (35.4%), stress (35.4%), and depressive mood (23.1%). Frequently reported adverse events in the adult population were insomnia (24.7%), jitteriness/restlessness/shaking hands (29.8%), and gastrointestinal upset (21.6%). Alcohol mixed with energy drinks significantly reduced the likelihood of sedation effects but increased the likelihood of stimulatory effects. Energy drink consumption significantly increased the odds of insomnia (OR, 5.02; 95% CI, 1.72-14.63) and jitteriness/activeness (OR, 3.52; 95% CI, 1.28-9.67) compared with the control group. Conclusion: The authors recommend that individuals avoid frequent energy drink consumption (5-7 energy drinks/week) and avoid co-consumption with alcohol; increased regulatory standards should be placed in the sale of energy drinks, particularly with regard to the pediatric population.

scholarly journals Hepatic & Renal Toxicity of Energy Drinks, a Serious Health Risk, Wistar Albino Rats Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Fahad I. Al-Saikhan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
The Public ◽  
Energy Drink Consumption ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
The Individual

The recent years have seen a significant increase in the individual consumption of energy drinks across the globe. As a result, notable concerns continue to rise both among the public and among the scientific community, concerning the health effects that energy drinks pose to individuals. This study therefore examines the adverse effects of energy drinks on health, using ten normal albino rats as specimens. The specimen was then divided into two groups consisting of five rats each, with one group was given energy drinks while the control group was given normal drinking water days for a period of 21 days. The specimen was then sacrificed and their blood samples used for biochemical and histological studies. The study findings reveal that energy drink consumption significantly increased the serum aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), urea and creatinine levels when compared with the control group. In addition, the study demonstrates that energy drink consumption significantly decreased body weight and organ to body weight ratios when compared with the control group. The study further recognizes that the consumption of energy drink is associated with significant alterations in serum toxicity markers, bodyweight, organ body weight and histopathological changes. The study therefore recommends that need for public health education to educate individuals; especially youths about the risks of consuming highly caffeinated energy drinks. The study also recommends the need for further studies in order to minimize the harm excess and long-term consumption of energy drinks presented to the public. 

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Minuman Energi Terhadap Kadar Serum Kreatinin Rattus Norvegicus

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Budi Santo ◽  
Dorta Simamora
Keyword(s):  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Way Anova

The energy drink is a beverage that is increasingly being used by the community with the aim to improve work performance, vitality, and concentration. The energy drink is also suspected to affect kidney function. This study aims to determine whether there is influence of various brands of energy drinks (M1, M2, M3, M4) of the serum creatinine levels in male rats Rattus norvegicus.This is a study with randomized post test only control group design. The study used male rats Rattus norvegicus as many as 25 animals that were divided into 5 groups. The control group, the group P1 = M1 energy drinks, group P2 = M2 energy drinks, group P3 = M3 energy drinks, group P4 = M4 energy drinks. The energy drinks were given as many as 2.5 ml / 200 g weight / day for 1 month. Cardiac blood sampling performed to measure the levels of serum creatinine and then the results were analyzed using One-Way Anova to compare the levels of serum creatinine in each group of this study. Results of One-Way Anova test obtained by sig α = 0.000 which means there is significant difference between the treatment group and the control group. It can be concluded that the administration of energy drinks to the Rattus norvegicus would be altered the kidney function. It is caused by various substances contained in energy drinks such as taurine, sugar, vitamin B, caffeine, and other supplementary materials.

scholarly journals Anxiety-like behavior and whole-body cortisol responses to components of energy drinks in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alia O. Alia ◽  
Maureen L. Petrunich-Rutherford
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Neuroendocrine Responses ◽  
Cortisol Levels

The current study investigated the independent and combined effects of caffeine and taurine on anxiety-like behavior and neuroendocrine responses in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylpurine-2,6-dione), the world’s most commonly used psychoactive drug, acts as an adenosine receptor blocker and a mild central nervous system stimulant. However, excessive use of caffeine is associated with heightened anxiety levels. Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a semi-essential amino acid synthesized within the human brain, has been hypothesized to play a role in regulating anxiolytic behavior. Caffeine and taurine are two common additives in energy drinks and are often found in high concentrations in these beverages. However, few studies have investigated the interaction of these two chemicals with regards to anxiety measures. A suitable vertebrate to examine anxiety-like behavior and physiological stress responses is the zebrafish, which has shown promise due to substantial physiological and genetic homology with humans. Anxiety-like behavior in zebrafish can be determined by analyzing habituation to novelty when fish are placed into a novel tank and scototaxis (light avoidance) behavior in the light-dark test. Stress-related neuroendocrine responses can be measured in zebrafish by analyzing whole-body cortisol levels. The goal of this study was to determine if exposure to caffeine, taurine, or a combination of the two compounds altered anxiety-like behavior and whole-body cortisol levels in zebrafish relative to control. Zebrafish were individually exposed to either caffeine (100 mg/L), taurine (400 mg/L), or both for 15 min. Zebrafish in the control group were handled in the same manner but were only exposed to system tank water. After treatment, fish were transferred to the novel tank test or the light-dark test. Behavior was tracked for the first 6 min in the novel tank and 15 min in the light-tark test. Fifteen min after introduction to the behavioral task, fish were euthanized for the analysis of whole-body cortisol levels. The results demonstrate that caffeine treatment decreased the amount of exploration in the top of the novel tank and increased scototaxis behavior in the light-dark test, which supports the established anxiogenic effect of acute exposure to caffeine. Taurine alone did not alter basal levels of anxiety-like behavioral responses nor ameliorated the anxiogenic effects of caffeine on behavior when the two compounds were administered concurrently. None of the drug treatments altered basal levels of whole-body cortisol. The current results of this study suggest that, at least at this dose and time of exposure, taurine does not mitigate the anxiety-producing effects of caffeine when administered in combination, such as with energy drink consumption.

scholarly journals The Difference between Placebo and Energy Drinking Consumption towards Aerobic Endurance

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zarwan Zarwan ◽  
Sefri Hardiansyah ◽  
Ade Zalindro ◽  
Fella Maifitri
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experiment Research ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Experimental Group

An issue of this research is the aerobic endurance of students categorized low during the formation of physical conditions so that many students consume energy drinks to improve the aerobic endurance capability.  However, this is still an assumption needed to prove by giving another comparative drink (placebo). The purpose of this research is to compare the effect of placebo and energy drinks consumption to aerobic endurance capability.  It was quasi-experiment research using two types of substances: placebo consumed by experimental group (X1) and energy drinks consumed by the control group (X2). The population of this study was a group of 40 students. Samples were 36 students chosen by purposive sampling technique. Division of the group in a random way, the instrument used was Cooper run test 2.4 km. Data were analyzed using the test of different independent samples. The results of this study obtained the mean of 1.03 for the placebo group and the mean of 1.10  for the energy drink group. The statistical testobtainedtobserved0.14 ttable1.69 so that it can be concluded that the effects given by the consumption of placebo and energy drinks are not significantly different.

MYCOPLASMA AND CHLAMYDIA AS ETHIOLOGICAL FACTORS OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN TERMS OF ETHNOGENESIS

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
O. A. Sharavii ◽  
S. V. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Markers ◽  
Chlamydophila Psittaci ◽  
Asthma Patients

 Aim. The study of the prevalence and clinical peculiarities of Mycoplasmosis and Chlamydiosis in patients with different pathogenic forms of bronchial asthma (BA) taking into account ethnicity of a patient. Subjects and Methods. The research covered 239 subjects – both the Europeoids and the Mongoloids in the city of Krasnoyarsk and the town of Kyzyl, all of them being BA patients of different stages, including acute stage and practically healthy. We had determined antigens Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma hominis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Chlamydophila psittaci and Chlamydia trachomatis in smears of mucosa of pharynx and antibodies to these antigens in peripheral blood serum. Results.  We found high frequency of Mycoplasmosis and Chlamydiosis in the inhabitants of Eastern Siberia, BA patients with different pathogenic forms as compared to control group. We had determined ethnic peculiarities of specific immune response: IgM to М. pneumoniae was revealed in the Europoids more frequently than in the Mongoloids, but IgM to С. pneumoniae and to C. trachomatis, C. trachomatis antigens had been revealed more often in the Mongoloids than in the Europoids. We accepted as clinical equivalents of Mycoplasmosis and Chlamydiosis diagnostics the following signs: temperature around 37C (subfebrile temperature), non-intensive but stable coughing with scanty mucous and muco-purulent sputum, dyspnea of mixed character. Conclusions. Mycoplasma and Chlamydia are meaningful etiologic factors of bronchial asthma. We have found the peculiarities of immune response depending on ethnicity of a patient (ethnic belonging). Clinical markers of Mycoplasmosis and Chlamydiosis should be taken into account in bronchial asthma in order to provide diagnostics timely as well as eradication of infection agents. Because of insufficient knowledge of problem of bronchial asthma related to contamination with Мycoplasma and Chlamydia we put the goal to study the frequency of Mycoplasmosis and Chlamydiosis occurrence in bronchial asthma patients and determine the characteristics clinical course of diseases. We defined antigens Мycoplasma pneumoniae, Мycoplasma hominis, Chlamydophila pneumoniaе, Chlamydophila psittaci, Chlamydia trachomatis in smears of oropharynx mucosa and antibodies to them in blood serum. 

Possibilities for treating aspirin-i lesions of the stomach and duodenum in patients with chronic coronary heart disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-235
Author(s):  
N. Yu. Borovkova ◽  
M. V. Buyanova ◽  
T. E. Bakka ◽  
M. P. Nistratova ◽  
T. V. Vlasova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Proton Pump Inhibitor ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pge2 Level ◽  
Endogenous Prostaglandins ◽  
Chronic Coronary Heart Disease

To evaluate possibilities of aspirin-induced gastroduodenopathy treatment in the patients with chronic ischemic heart disease by means of applying the internal endogenous prostaglandins stimulant.  Material and methods. 340 patients suffering from chronic coronary heart disease and receiving a long-term acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) therapy were examined on the base of the cardiovascular care unit of The Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Hospital named after N.A. Semaschko. There were evaluated frequency, nature and severity of the aspirin-induced gastroduodenopathy. The patients with coronary heart disease and aspirin-induced gastroduodenopathy were divided in two groups. In the first group of patients there was applied rebamipide therapy (in a single daily dose 300 mg) in combination with the proton pump inhibitor (PPI) — pantoprazole. In the second group there was applied only pantoprazole therapy. For the purpose of specification of AIG pathogenetic mechanisms development, all the examined chronic coronary heart disease cases were tested on the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) level in blood serum before the therapy beginning and after the treatment. The control group was formed of chronic coronary heart disease patients showing no AIG evidence. Statistical processing of the received data was fulfilled with the program «Statistika 10.0». Results. AIG was registered in 15% out of 340 chronic coronary heart disease patients. According to the endoscopic examination erosive disease of the body and antrum prevailed among the patients. The PGE2 level in the blood serum was significantly lower (р = 0,00087) in these patients in comparison with the control group. In association with PPI and rebamipide mixed therapy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy results showed no pathological findings in gastrointestinal mucosa and statistically significant (р = 0,00067) blood serum PGE2 level growing in all the treated patients. As a result of exclusive PPI therapy there was marked positive dynamics in endoscopic view in 19 out of 25 patients and a tendency to normalization of PGE2 level in the blood serum. However, PGE2 level growing was insignificant. Conclusion. The presented research demonstrates the possibility of AIG treatment with the use of internal endogenous prostaglandins stimulant — rebamipide in complex with proton pump inhibitor PPI therapy.

Antioxidant status of blood in patients with vibration disease

2019 ◽  
pp. 978-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Malyutina ◽  
A. F. Bolotova ◽  
R. B. Eremeev ◽  
A. Zh. Gilmanov ◽  
D. Yu. Sosnin
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vibration Disease ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Introduction. The overwhelming number of publications contains only data on the content of individual antioxidants, but not on the overall antioxidant activity of the blood in patients with vibration disease.The aim of the study was to determine the total antioxidant activity of blood serum in patients with vibration disease.Materials and methods. Th e main group consisted of 30 people diagnosed with “Vibration disease” of 1 degree (n=21) and 2 degrees (n=9). Th e control group consisted of 30 clinically healthy men, comparable in age with the main group (p=0.66). Th e total activity of antioxidant systems of blood plasma was evaluated photometrically using the test system “Total antioxidant status-Novo” (“Vector-best”, Russia).Results. The indicator of the total antioxidant status (TAS) was 1,038±0.232 mmol/l in the examined main group, against 1,456±0.225 mmol/l in the examined control group (p<0.000001). Th e coefficient of variation (CV) in patients with vibration disease was 22.35%, 1.45 times higher than in the control group (15.45%). In the main group there was a positive correlation between age and TAS (R=0.525), in the control group there was no such relationship (R=0.095). Th e degree of decrease depended on the severity of vibration disease.Conclusions. 1. The development of vibration disease is accompanied by a decrease in the antioxidant status of blood serum. 2. Th e degree of decrease in the antioxidant status of blood serum correlates with the severity of vibration disease. 3. Reduction of TAS can serve as a pathogenetic justification of the need to include drugs and/or biologically active additives with antioxidant activity in therapy

INFLUENCE OF STOCK HOUSE LIGHT ON DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hemoglobin Content ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Experimental Group

The article is devoted to the solution of an urgent problem- influence of different lighting modes on the dairy productivity of cows. 2 groups of cows with 20 heads each were formed. In control group, light in the cowshed was 50-75 Lux for a light period of 7.5 h in January to 16.5 h in June, and in experimental group - 150-200 Lux and 16 h, respectively. It was found that the intensity and duration of illumination affects physiological state, reproductive ability and milk productivity of cows. In the experimental group of cows, compared with the control group, hemoglobin content in blood increased by 4.6% (P < 0.01), red blood cells - by 20.6% (P < 0.05), total protein - by 11.2% (P < 0.001), glucose - by 39.1% (P < 0.05). There was a tendency to increase the total calcium and inorganic phosphorus in blood serum of cows of the experimental group. The level of alkaline phosphatase in blood serum of cows in the control group was 71.5% (P < 0.01) higher than that of cows in the experimental group. Milk yield per 1 cow in the experimental cowshed was 433 kg more than in the control. The cost of 1 kg of milk in the experimental group was 0.94 rubles lower, and the profitability of milk production and sales is 9.42% higher than in the control group. To increase the milk productivity of cows, it is recommended to increase light level in barns for tethered keeping to 150-200 Lux, with the duration of lighting in the winter and transition periods of year up to 16 hours per day.

scholarly journals Risk-Taking Behavior and the Consumption of Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drink among Australian, Dutch and UK Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5315
Author(s):  
Sean J. Johnson ◽  
Sarah Benson ◽  
Andrew Scholey ◽  
Chris Alford ◽  
Joris C. Verster
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Energy Drink Consumption ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level Of Risk

The relationship between risk-taking behavior, alcohol consumption and negative alcohol-related consequences is well known. The current analyses were conducted to investigate whether alcohol mixed with energy drink (AMED) is related to risk-taking behavior and if there is a relationship between the amount of energy drink mixed with alcohol consumed, risk-taking behavior and negative alcohol-related consequences. Data from N = 1276 AMED consuming students from the Netherlands, UK and Australia who completed the same survey were evaluated. The analysis revealed that, compared to AMED occasions, on alcohol only (AO) occasions significantly more alcohol was consumed and significantly more negative alcohol-related consequences were reported. On both AO and AMED occasions, there was a strong and positive relationship between amount of alcohol consumed, level of risk-taking behavior and number of reported negative alcohol-related consequences. In contrast, the level of risk-taking behavior was not clearly related to energy drink consumption. Across risk-taking levels, differences in the amount of energy drink consumed on AMED occasions did not exceed one 250 mL serving of energy drink. When correcting for the amount of alcohol consumed, there were no statistically significant differences in the number of energy drinks consumed on AMED occasions between the risk-taking groups. In conclusion, alcohol consumption is clearly related to risk-taking behavior and experiencing negative alcohol-related consequences. In contrast, energy drink intake was not related to level of risk-taking behavior and only weakly related to the number of experienced negative alcohol-related consequences.

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