scholarly journals Study of goat milk and goat milk yogurt to decrease parasitemia index on malaria-infected mice

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (S3) ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
M. Sada ◽  
A.M. Legowo ◽  
G. Anjani
Keyword(s):  
Goat Milk ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Additional Therapy

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by the Plasmodium sp. parasite. In 2017, malaria has reached 219 million cases. The decline of parasitemia index indicates a lower degree of infection in malaria patients. Goat milk and goat milk yogurt as immunomodulators have the potential to reduce parasitemia index. This study was aimed to determine the effect of goat milk and goat milk yogurt on the index of parasitemia in malaria-infected mice. This research was a true experimental study with a post-test only group design. A total of thirty-five female Balb/c mice was divided into the following groups: a (negative control group), b (malaria), c (malaria, Dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine (DHP) drug), d (malaria, goat milk), e (malaria, goat milk, DHP), f (malaria, goat milk yogurt), and g (malaria, goat milk yogurt, DHP). Inoculation dose of Plasmodium was 107 /0.2 mL. The intervention was studied for 24 days. Parasitemia index data was collected on the seventh day post-inoculation. The dose of goat milk and goat milk yogurt given was 0.5 mL/20 g BW. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis with Mann-Whitney post-hoc test. The results showed a significant decrease in the parasitemia index (p<0.05). The mean parasitemia index in each group were: 0% (a); 13.9% (b); 0.60% (c); 4.68% (d); 3.74% (e); 3.66% (f); 0.82% (g). The group that exhibited effective reduction of parasitemia index were group c and g. Goat milk yogurt (f) was more effective in decreasing the parasitemia index than goat milk (d). Giving goat milk yogurt can be considered an additional therapy for the treatment of malaria.

scholarly journals Potensi Ekstrak Daun Nangka sebagai Biolarvasida Nyamuk Culex sp

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asro Abdi Firdaus ◽  
Setiawan . ◽  
Ferry Kriswandana
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Culex Sp

ABSTRACTMosquitoes are type of insect that acts as a disease vector. One of them is Culex sp mosquitos which their existence is many around us. In Indonesia there are still a lot of disease cases that caused by Culex sp mosquitos, one of them is filariasis disease. The efforts to control thecurrent population of Culex sp mosquitoes mostly use chemical insecticides. The control becomes difficult because of the resistance to chemical insecticides and adversely affects the environment. This study aims to determine the potential of jackfruit leaf extract as biolarvasida against Culex sp. The type of this study was post test onlycontrolled group design, using 625 larvae Culex sp instar III, divided into 5 groups (negative control group, 0.25% extract, 0.50% extract, 0.75% extract, extract and 1% extract). Observation was performed 24 hoursafter the treatment and counted the number of larvae death.The data were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis test followed by Post Hoc Mann-Whitney U test to determine the killing power of leafy leaf extractusing Probit analysis. The results of data analysis in this study were thedeath rate percentage of larvae after 24 hours treatment was 0% incontrol, 44% in 0.25%extract, 52% in0.50% extract, 60% in 0.75%extract,while in the extract group of 1%, the number of larval deaths was 72%. Itobtained results with significant differencein some treatment groups thatwere concentrations of 0.25% - 1%. Probit analysis showed that LC50 wasat 0.382% concentration.From results of the studyit can be concluded that jackfruit leaf extract(Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk) was potential as Culex sp mosquitobiolarvacide. So it is necessary to conduct further research on the effectsof compounds that contained in other plant parts such as flowers, stemsand roots which will be expected to have a function asbiolarvasida.Keywords: Leaf Jackfruit, Biolarvasida, Mosquito Culex sp

scholarly journals Antiplatelet Effectivity between Aspirin with Honey on Cardiovascular Disease Based on Bleeding Time Taken on Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (20) ◽  
pp. 3416-3420
Author(s):  
Sake Juli Martina ◽  
Logaselvi A. P. Ramar ◽  
Michael R. I. Silaban ◽  
Muhammad Luthfi ◽  
Pradeepa A. P. Govindan
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The University ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Aspirin Group

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its mortality continues to increase. Various studies have shown aspirin can reduce CVD mortality but has adverse side effects. Research on a comparison between aspirin and honey has not been done, but both have antiplatelet effects. AIM: This study is aimed to prove the antiplatelet effects on honey and compare the antiplatelet effects of aspirin with honey based on the bleeding time in mice. METHODS: This study is a true experimental design with a post-test only control group using 32 male mice, Double Ditsch Webster, ± 3 months old, the weight of 20-30 g, divided into 4 groups. Consisting of a negative control group (placebo), aspirin and honey. The suspension has given orally for 12 days using the probe. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Pharmacology Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine, the University of North Sumatra in September until December 2015. The data collected was bleeding time in mice. Data analysed by Shapiro Wilk test, Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney. RESULTS: The mean bleeding time was a placebo (102.88 seconds), aspirin (369.38 seconds) and honey (304.63 seconds). Mann Whitney test showed significant results in the aspirin and honey groups against the control group (placebo) with p = 0.001. There were no significant differences in the aspirin group against honey (p = 0.172). Honey has an antiplatelet effect in mice. The mean bleeding time in mice given honey is longer or closer to the mean bleeding time in the aspirin group. CONCLUSION: The results could be used as a basis for further research to determine its use in humans with cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Effect of salam leaf extract (Syzygium polyanthum to decrease blood triglyceride white rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
ANDHIKA AJI NUGROHO ◽  
NUR HAFIDHA HIKMAYANI ◽  
SUTARMIADJI DJUMAGA
Keyword(s):  
Triglyceride Level ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Group I ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Post Hoc

Nugroho AA, Hikmayanti NH, Djumaga S. 2012. Effect of salam (Syzygium polyanthum) leaf extract to decrease blood triglyceride level on white rats. Biofarmasi 10: 40-45. This study aimed to determine the effect of bay [Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.] leaf extract to decrease the blood triglyceride level of white rats (Rattus norvegicus). This research was an laboratory experimental research with pre and post-test design with control group. This research used 30 Wistar white rats, with ±200 g body weight and the age of ±2 months, divided into 5 groups by a random sampling, six rats per group. Group I was a negative control, group II was a positive control, groups III, IV and V was treated with the bay leaf extract in the doses of I, II and III. All groups were fed of hyperkolemia, group II was treated by Gemfibrozil 20 mg/200 g BW/day, while groups III, IV and V were treated by the bay leaf extract with the doses of 0.18 g, 0.36 g and 0.72 g/200 g BW/day. The study was conducted for 35 days. On the 28th and 35th day, the blood of all rats was taken from orbital vein for blood triglyceride levels measured in pre-test and post-test. The data were statistically analyzed with One-Way ANOVA test and a post-hoc test. There were significant differences between pre-test and post-test in the levels of blood triglycerides of white rats (p<0.001), in which a post-hoc test results showed the comparison between negative control and Gemfibrozil was p<0.001, and the comparison between the groups of the bay leaf extract with Gemfibrozil was p>0.05, and the comparison of three doses of bay leaf extract was p>0.05. The provision of bay leaf extract could reduce the blood triglyceride levels of white rats significantly compared with the negative control, whereas the effects of three doses of bay leaf extract was comparable with the effects of Gemfibrozil.

scholarly journals The Effect of Isotoma longiflora Leaves Extract to The Cornea Neovascularization of Wistar Rats Chemical Trauma Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Hasbi Maulana Arsyad ◽  
Cicih Komariah ◽  
Muhamad Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Trauma Model ◽  
Post Hoc

Eye chemical trauma was an eye trauma caused by a substance with a pH<7 (acid) and pH>7 (alkali). Chemical trauma can be caused by pesticides. In Indonesia, 78.9% of farmers had eye complaints due to pesticides exposure. The occurrence of alkali chemical trauma of eye could cause cornea neovascularization (CNV). Alkali chemical trauma caused intense inflammation resulting a vascularization of the cornea that was supposed to be avascular. The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of Isotoma longiflora leaves extract the cornea neovascularization of wistar rats chemical trauma model. This research used true experimental design method with post-test only controlled group design. The sample of this study were 30 male wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) divided into six groups, 1 positive control group (dexamethasone 0.1%), 1  negative control group (DMSO 0,1%), and 4 treatment groups of Isotoma longiflora leaves extract (0.25 mg/ml, 0.5 mg/ml, 1 mg/ml, 2 mg/ml). The result of Shapiro-Wilk and Levene's test showed that p>0.05 that means the data was normally distributed and has the same variant. One Way ANOVA test results obtained significant differences between groups on the 7th day (p=0.001). The result of Post Hoc LSD test showed that group P3 and P4 were significantly different to negative control, P1 and P2 groups. P3 and P4 groups with 1 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml Isotoma longiflora leaves extract could inhibit cornea neovascularization.

Bioassay of Chick Edema Factor—1962 Collaborative Study

1963 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-412
Author(s):  
D F Flick ◽  
James Winbush ◽  
Leo Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Pericardial Fluid ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fatty Material ◽  
Edema Factor ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The lower limits of sensitivity of the method by Douglass and Flick for the bioassay of the chick edema factor were more clearly delineated by studies this year in which toxic fatty material (TFM) was fed in duplicate trials at 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 g per 16 g cottonseed oil, USP. Nine laboratories collaborated in these studies. Results indicated that the following criteria to establish presence of chick edema factor is valid: "t" value exceeds + 1.3, the mean log (pericardial fluid volume X 100) of the negative control group is 1.1460 or less, and the mean log (pericardial fluid volume X 100) of the test group is 1.1461 or more.

scholarly journals Efek Imunomodulator Ekstrak Etanol Spons Melophlus sarasinorum Terhadap Aktivitas Fagositosis Sel Makrofag Pada Mencit Jantan Balb/C

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157
Author(s):  
Wahyuni Wahyuni ◽  
Muhammad Ilyas Yusuf ◽  
Fadhliyah Malik ◽  
Adryan Fristiohady Lubis ◽  
Astrid Indalifiany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Macrophage Cell ◽  
Macrophage Phagocytosis ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Phagocytosis Activity

Immunomodulator is an ingredient or drug that can modulate immune system functions and activities. This study was conducted to determine the effect of ethanol extract of Melophlus sarasinorum sponge on macrophage phagocytosis activity. Twenty four male mice balb/c were divided into six groups. The first group received 100 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Melophlus Sarasinorum sponge, the second group received 200 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Melophlus sarasinorum sponge, the third group received 300 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Melophlus Sarasinorum sponge and the fourth group received 400 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Melophlus Sarasinorum sponge. The positive control group received Phyllanthus niruri linn extract (Stimuno®) 0,13 mg/g and the negative control group received NaCMC 0,5%. The extract was orally administered from first day to seventh day. On the eighth day, each of the mice was injected Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (SA) 0.5 mL intraperitoneally. Macrophage cell activity is calculated from smears of peritoneal fluid of mice. Increased doses of ethanol extract of Melophlus sarasinorum sponge increase the amount of macrophage phagocytosis activity that are 25,25% (negative control), 61,5% (positive control), 55,75% (100 mg/kg), 60,75% (200 mg/kg), 62,25% (300 mg/kg) dan 66,25% (400 mg/kg). The results showed that the ethanol extract of Melophlus sarasinorum sponge has the potential as immunomodulator at a doses of 300 mg/kgBB and 400 mg/kg with no significantly different effectiveness with positive control in increasing macrophage cell phagocytosis activity based on the result of post-hoc statistical test of Tukey (sig.> 0,05).  

scholarly journals Biosafety devices to control the spread of potentially contaminated dispersion particles. New associated strategies for health environments

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255533
Author(s):  
Victor Angelo Martins Montalli ◽  
Patrícia Rejane de Freitas ◽  
Milenna de Figueiredo Torres ◽  
Oscar de Figueiredo Torres Junior ◽  
Dienne Hellen Moutinho De Vilhena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Uv C

Dental procedures produce a large amount of spatter and aerosols that create concern for the transmission of airborne diseases, such as Covid-19. This study established a methodology with the objective of evaluating new associated strategies to reduce the risk of cross-transmission in a health environment by simulating spread of potentially contaminated dispersion particles (PCDP) in the environment. This crossover study, was conducted in a school clinic environment (4 clinics containing 12 dental chairs each). As a positive control group (without barriers), 12 professionals activated at the same time the turbine of dental drill, for one minute, with a bacterial solution (Lactobacillus casei Shirota, 1.5x108 CFU/mL), which had been added in the cooling reservoir of the dental equipment. In the experimental groups, the professionals made use of; a) an individual biosafety barrier in dentistry (IBBD) which consists of a metal support covered by a disposable PVC film barrier; b) a Mobile Unit of Disinfection by Ultraviolet-C, consisting of 8 UV lamps-C of 95W, of 304μW/cm2 of irradiance each, connected for 15 minutes (UV-C) and; c) the association between the two methods (IBBD + UV-C). In each clinic, 56 Petri dishes containing MRS agar were positioned on the lamps, benches and on the floor. In addition, plates were placed prior to each test (negative control group) and plates were also placed in the corridor that connects the four clinics. In the groups without barrier and IBBD + UV-C the passive air microorganisms in Petri dishes was also evaluated at times of 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after the end of the dental’s drill activation. The mean (standard deviation) of CFU of L. casei Shirota for the positive control group was 3905 (1521), while in the experimental groups the mean using the IBBD was 940 (466) CFU, establishing a reduction on average, of 75% (p<0.0001). For the UV-C group, the mean was 260 (309) CFU and the association of the use of IBBD + UV-C promoted an overall average count of 152 (257) CFU, establishing a reduction on average of 93% and 96%, respectively (p<0.0001). Considering these results and the study model used, the individual biosafety barrier associated with UV-C technology showed to be efficient strategies to reduce the dispersion of bioaerosols generated in an environment with high rate of PCDP generation and may be an alternative for the improvement of biosafety in different healthy environment.

scholarly journals Potensi Ekstrak Daun Kelor (Moringa Oleifera) sebagai Hepatoprotektor pada Tikus Putih (Rattus novergicus) yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Dosis toksik

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Noer Kumala Indahsari ◽  
Masfufatun Masfufatun ◽  
Emilia Devi D.R
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Flavonoid Compound ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Post Test

Moringa Oleifera is a plant that contains chemical compounds that are useful, such as flavonoids. The ability of this flavonoid compound that can capture free radicals cause damage and hepatoprotektan hepar. Purpose of study was to determined levels of Moringa leaf extract which can overcome the effects of liver damage caused by toxic doses of paracetamol through MDA, SGOT and SGPT Method used in this laboratory experimental study is a Randomized Post Test Only Control Group Design with the following stages: 1. Moringa Leaf Extraction with Ethanol 96%; Try 2.Preparasi animals, 3. Treatment of Animals Try the extract of leaves of Moringa 3 dose is: 250mg / 200BB rat (dose of A), 500mg / 200BB mice (dose B), 1000mg / 200BB mice (dose C) for 14 days in combination with paracetamol 2 g / 200BB mice, compared to the negative control group (group given just paracetamol 2 g / 200BB rat) and the positive control group (the group who were given regular feed) for 14 days.Results : turned out to be no difference in the reduction in SGOT levels are statistically significant between the negative control group with high-dose treatment group ie the dose C with =0,016 smaller than 0.05, whereas a decrease in ALT levels were significantly decreased in the treatment group high dose is the dose C with =0,009 smaller than 0.05. While MDA group treated with the negative control group experienced an overall decline for the dose A with =0,05, dose B with =0,0011 and dose C with =0,001. Conclusion of this study showed that the extract of Moringa leaves can be potentially as an antioxidant in all doses at once can be as hepatoprotektor at high doses is 1000mg / 200BB Rattus Novergicus.

scholarly journals The influence of whole sonicated Pseudomonas aeruginosa antigens on experimental p. aeruginosa arthritis in rabbits

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ahmed Q. Al-Awadi
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Bacterial Isolation ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Ifn Γ

To study the influence of whole sonicated Pseudomonas aeruginosa antigens (WSPAgs) on experimental arthritis induced by this bacteria, 15 rabbits were divided into 3 equal groups. The 1st group was inoculated intraarticular with 0.2 ml of p. aeruginosa suspension (2×108 cfu/ml), the 2nd group was immunized with WSP Ags, and inoculated intraarticular as in the 1st group. The 3rd group was served as negative control group. At 30 day post inoculation the immunized (2nd) group showed increase in the cellular (DTH and IFN-γ) and humeral (IgG) immunity and moderate bacterial isolation from joints, blood and internal organs comparing with other groups. The 1st group showed sever symptoms and inflammatory reaction as well as very obvious gross and microscopical lesions in their joints including supportive reaction, pyogranulomatous lesions, necrosis, pannus reaction and destruction of the articular cartilage and the lesion extended to the subchondral bone leading to osteomyelitis, the 2nd group (immunized group) expressed mild to moderate inflammatory reaction and the microscopic examination indicate that the lesion was confined in the articular capsule. In conclusion the whole Pseudononas aeruginosa sonicated Ags (WSPAgs) protect the joint from the experimental infection by P. aeruginosa in a rabbit model.

scholarly journals Novel Preparation Technique of Hyperimmune Globulins against Bovine Coronavirus as Surrogate of Beta Coronavirus

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-343
Keyword(s):  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Bovine Coronavirus ◽  
High Level

Consuming time and effort to prepare hyperimmune globulins using Freund’s adjuvant is a sophisticated and harsh technique. In this work, a novel, safe, and rabid method was proposed using monolaurin as an immune-stimulating agent in hyperimmune globulins production against Bovine coronavirus (BCoV). The mentioned virus was used as a surrogate to family Betacoronavirus. Bovine coronavirus (Mabus strain) with titer log10 5.8 tissue culture infective dose infectivity (TCID50)/ml was used in this experiment. The inactivation of the virus was done using 1% ascorbic acid for 24h. Monolaurin emulsion (10% w/v) of was prepared by sonication using tween 20 and water. The inactivated bovine coronavirus was added to the emulsion by 20% of the final volume. The immunoglobulins were prepared by inoculating the inactivated virus with the adjuvant in rabbits and evaluated on the Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cell line by virus neutralization test (VNT). The effect of the adjuvant was assessed by histopathological examination of vital organs such as the kidney and liver. The antibody titer against the BCoV was reached its peak, log2 1024 TCID50/ml, at the 3rd-week post-inoculation in the rabbits. The level of the globulin reached a high level and its peak (14.3g/dL) at the end of the experiment. No abnormalities were seen in the livers and kidneys of the negative control group of rabbits. Monolaurin showed a new level of safety and efficacy when used as an adjuvant during the preparation of the immunoglobulins against BCoV.

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