scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER WHEAT IN FIELDS CLEARED OF CREEPING MUSTARD

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Sergey Ivanovich Voronov ◽  
Viktor Vladimirovich Borodychev ◽  
Viktor Yuryevich Misyuryaev ◽  
Inna Anatolyevna Korzhenko ◽  
Yevgeny Vladimirovich Savinov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Flowering Phase ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Biological Effectiveness

The productivity of winter wheat, as well as other grain crops, depends to a large extent on the infestation of fields and in particular on the stem of the quarantine weed – creeper bittern. The article presents the data of experiments on the study of agrotechnical and chemical methods of fighting creeping bittern. In experiments, we studied 3 methods of the main treatment of black steam, after which winter wheat was sown: plowing to a depth of 0.20-0.22 m (control); non-fallow processing to a depth of 0.25-0.27 m and chisel processing to a depth of 0.45 m with a reservoir turnover of 0.20-0.22 m. in the first decade of June, when the creeping bittern was in the budding or flowering phase, black steam was treated with two and three-component tank mixtures of herbicides. The greatest biological effectiveness of herbicides after 60 days was on the Curtin of creeper mustard with spraying with a three-component tank mixture of Esteron, Dominator and Lontrel Grand and was equal to 89 to 94% depending on the previous main treatment of black steam. The largest biological yield of winter wheat against the background of chisel processing and in General according to experience was on the variant with a three component tank mix Esteron+Dominator+Lontrel Grand and on average for 2016-2019 it was 3.46 t / ha, which was 0.41 t/ha or 4.1 centner  per hectare more than on the background of plowing and 0.59 t / ha or 5.9 centner  per hectare more than on the background of non-tillage.

scholarly journals Efficiency of the application of insectofungicide prestige for grain crops protection against harmful organisms

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Aleksey Ivanovich Silaev ◽  
Lyudmila Denisovna Grishechkina ◽  
Vera Gennadievna Churikova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
The Prestige

The effectiveness of the insecticofungicide Prestige, KS, used to protect plants from damage by diseases and damage by pests in the first stages of ontogenesis is shown. Presowing seed treatment with a preparation with a flow rate of 2.5–3.5 l/t reduced the incidence of winter wheat with root rot of rhizoctoniosis etiology by 62.9%. The biological effectiveness of the Prestige, KS (3.5 l / t) on moderately infectious background was also quite high - 59.5%, however, it was 9.0% lower than the standard. It practically did not influence overwintering of plants. After application of Prestige, KS were in the norm of 2.5 and 3.5 l/t, and Maxim Extreme, KS in the norm of 1.75 l/t, the number of plants preserved by spring varied from 91.9 to 92.9%, that is higher than in the control by 3.9–4.9%. The application of insectofungicide Prestige, KS at a rate of 2.5 l/t on spring wheat sowings reduced the number of grain fleas by more than 80.0%and the damage of the stems by the larvae of cereal flies by 74.3%. This preparation  is not phytotoxic with respect to cereals.

scholarly journals Improving crop production efficiency by optimizing the timing of field work

2020 ◽  
Vol 197 (6) ◽  
pp. 26-38
Author(s):  
N. Stepnyh ◽  
E. Nesterova ◽  
S. Gilev ◽  
A. Zargaryan
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Research Institute

Abstract. Violation of the optimal timing of field work and irrational structure of acreage leads to a decrease in crop yield. The purpose is to show ways to improve the efficiency of grain production due to earlier terms of wheat harvesting. The objects of the study were operational data on the timing of field work and the yield of grain crops in the agricultural sector of the Kurgan region and in the fields of the Kurgan research Institute, weather data. Common methods of comparative, statistical, factor, and correlation analyses were used. Results. It was found that the most favorable conditions for harvesting grain crops are formed in August. At the same time, as of September 1, 2019, 21 % of the area of grain crops was removed in the Kurgan region, and 71 % as of October 1. The yield of grain harvested in September was 5.7 t/ha below removed in August, loss of income – 6.2 thousand rubles/ha. Price for grain sold in September, is often lower than in August, and another minus 1.5 thousand rubles. The Early cleaning provide earlier crops. For more effective optimization of work terms, it is proposed to keep their records and analysis in the e-book of field history developed at the Kurgan research Institute. It was found that with minimal availability of agricultural machinery, the yield on fields in different hydrothermal conditions varied slightly due to the use of a wide range of sowing dates from May 2 to May 31 and the rational structure of varieties. About 10 % of crops under winter wheat allowed to start harvesting 2–3 weeks before spring and it is more profitable to sell grain. Agricultural producers are recommended to optimize the terms of harvesting spring wheat due to earlier sowing dates, taking into account the validity for each field and the introduction of winter wheat into circulation. The scientific novelty lies in the analysis of the conditions of sowing and harvesting operations in the economy that have developed over the past 5 years in the context of each field.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF MICROBIAL PREPARATIONS ON PRODUCTIVITY OF GRAIN-CROPS IN NORTH STEPPE OF UKRAINE

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
O.M. Grigorieva ◽  
T.M. Grigorieva ◽  
P.B. Liman ◽  
L.M. Tokmakova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Growth Development

The influence of presowing seed treatment of corn, spring barley and winter wheat on growth, development and productivity of these cultures was studied. It was established that nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-mobilizing microorganisms and their combinations enhance biometrical parameters of plants, influence positively on the productivity and quality of grain comparatively to control.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR FERTILIZATION OF WINTER WHEAT WITH WATER SOLUBLE COMPOUND FERTILIZER WITH MICROELEMENTS "POLY-FEED" FOR YIELD AND QUALITY GRAIN IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ORYOL REGION

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Dorogavtsev ◽  
E. V. Sobolev ◽  
M. M. Tareeva ◽  
A. Yu. Burtsev ◽  
A. I. Gorbunov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Compound Fertilizer ◽  
Water Soluble Compound ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Soluble Compound ◽  
The Impact

Often in the soils of crop rotations of grain crops, including on black soil, the content of mobile forms of copper, manganese, zinc and other trace elements is low. Improving the efficiency of making micronutrients for grain crops and determining the best ways and doses of their introduction are topical issues that need to be addressed in order to increase the productivity of crops. The purpose of research is to identify the effectiveness of the use of water soluble compound fertilizer with microelements of the company “Haifa Chemicals” in the technology of growing winter wheat on leached chernozem under conditions of the Oryol Region. Field production experiments were established in 2017-2018 on the basis of Orlovsky Leader LLC Branch №5” located in Livensky district. Field experience with the use of Haifa Chemicals products: Poly-Feed micronutrients 19-19-19 + 1MgO + ME and Poly-Feed 6-15-38 + 3 + ME was laid on soft winter wheat varieties Moskovskaya-56.The control variant was the basic technological scheme used in the household for carrying out leaf dressings with mineral fertilizers together with the organic fertilizer Gumostim. As a result of the research, it has been established that the use of double foliar feeding water soluble compound fertilizer with microelements Poly-Feed 19-19-19 + 1MgO + ME in the tillering stage and at the end of flowering and a single Poly-Feed 6-15-38 + 3 + IU in the subflag phase - flag leaf, increases the height of the plants, as well as the productive characteristics of the ear: the size of the ear, the number of grains in the ear, the mass of grains and their best quality, which in general provides a reliable increase in the yield of grain of winter wheat. At the same time, it was found that, due to leaf feeding, the impact of adverse weather conditions under which the development of winter wheat plants took place in 2018 and their productive properties were laid was leveled out. Due to relatively low additional costs, the use of complex fertilizers of the Poly-Feed brand for winter wheat is economically feasible and can bring additional economic income: based on the maximum level of minimum prices for the grain of the 2018 harvest, it will be 2.07-2.28 thousand rubles / ha regarding base technology. Thus, water-soluble fertilizers, which include Poly-Feed company "Haifa Chemicals" are recommended to domestic agricultural producers for mass introduction in practice of the technology of intensive sheet nutrition of grain and other crops.

scholarly journals Assesment of winter wheat advanced lines by use of multivariate statistical analyses

Genetika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 991-1001
Author(s):  
Dane Boshev ◽  
Mirjana Jankulovska ◽  
Sonja Ivanovska ◽  
Ljupcho Jankuloski
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Biological Yield

This study was conducted to evaluate 49 advanced lines of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for their morphoagronomic traits and to determine best criteria for selection of lines to be included in future breeding program. The material was assessed in two years experiment at two locations, using RCBD design with three replications. Ten quantitative traits: plant height, number of fertile tillers, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, weight of grain per spike and per plant, fertility, biological yield and harvest index were evaluated by PCA and two-way cluster analysis. Three main principal components were determined explaining 71.391% of the total variation among the genotypes. One third of the variation is explained by PC1 which reflects the genotype yield potential. PC2 and PC3 explained 25.22% and 15.49% of the total variance, mostly in relation to the plant height and spike components, respectively. Biplot graph revealed strongest positive association between spike length, number of spikelets and biological yield and between number of tillers, weight of grains per spike and per plant. Two-way cluster analysis resulted with a dendrogram with one solely separated genotype, superior for all traits and two main clusters of genotypes defined with wide genetic diversity especially between the groups within the second cluster. Genotypes with high values for specific traits will be included in the future breeding programmes. Classification of genotypes and the extend of variation among them illustrated on the heatmap has proved to be practical tool for selecting genotypes with desired traits in the early stages of the breeding process.

PREPARATION OF MEANS AND WINTER WHEAT SEEDS FOR CROPS IN DROUGHTY CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Kravchenko ◽  
◽  
I.N. Krasnov ◽  
E.V. Nazarova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Urgent Problem ◽  
Arid Soil ◽  
Constructive Development ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Climate Aridization ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Sowing seeds in arid soil is accompanied by a delay in seedlings, their insufficient development by winter, and often the death of some crops, which leads to significant damage to the production of grain and an increase in their costs. In this regard, the directions of scientific research and constructive development to improve the technology and technical means of preparation and sowing of seeds of winter grain crops under conditions of climate aridization are a very urgent problem of agricultural production.

“After the Putsch”: Prospects for Independent Ukraine

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
David R. Marples
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Declaration Of Independence ◽  
European State ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Future ◽  
Former Soviet Republics

There has been considerable speculation as to which of the former Soviet republics could become viable economic entities following the Putsch of August 19-21, 1991, and the resultant dissolution of the USSR. The consensus is that after Russia, Ukraine has the best chances of survival as a European state with a highly developed economy. Yet the picture remains a bleak one. Although Ukraine has advanced industry and has been a major source of grain crops (of winter wheat in particular), a declining standard of living had been forecast by its economic experts for the period 1991-1995, even before the August 24 declaration of independence. The following study will show Ukraine's major advantages and weaknesses, and what sort of prospects lie ahead for an independent Ukraine. As with any statements on the future of the former territories of the Soviet Union, they have to be qualified with the phrase “pending future political developments.” For the most part, the assumption is made that relations between Ukraine and its once and future economic partners will be amicable.

scholarly journals Dependence of grain productivity of the main shoot ear on the stem dry matter weight in varieties of winter wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 291-296
Author(s):  
O. V. Zborivska ◽  
G. O. Priadkina ◽  
O. G. Sokolovska-Sergienko ◽  
N. M. Makharinska
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Flowering Phase ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Growing Conditions

Aim. Estimation of the mass of dry matter of the stem of the main shoots of different varieties of winter wheat in the phases of flowering and full ripeness as a criterion for the grain productivity of its ear in years with different meteorological conditions. Methods. Field, morphometric, mathematical and statistical. Results. The mass of dry matter of the stem of the main shoots of winter wheat varieties was studied in years that differed significantly in weather conditions in the flowering phase and at full grain maturity. It was established that the mass of dry matter of the stem of the main shoot at the flowering and the full grain maturity varied significantly, respectively 0.6–1.2 g and 0.5–1.0 g in 2014, and 1.0–2.0 g and 0.8–1.5 g in 2016 depending on the variety, and under different growing conditions. Limits of variation of grain yield of the ear in 2014, ranged from 0.9 to 2.2 g and from 1.5 to 2.5 g in 2016. It was established that at the flowering, the correlation between the mass of grain from the head and the mass of the dry substance of the stem was significant at 99 % probability under growing conditions (r = 0.8–0.9). Conclusions. It is shown that grain productivity of main shoot in winter wheat is related to the ability of its stem to store assimilates during the vegetative period. It was established that the mass of the dry matter of the stem of the main shoots in the flowering phase can serve as a criterion for assessing its grain productivity. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., mass of stem, grain yield.

scholarly journals The optimization of modern measures of winter wheat protection from pests in the Forest-Steppe region of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (89) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
V. Sakhnenko ◽  
D. Sakhnenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Mass Reproduction ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
And Control

The peculiarities of ecology of certain types of pests breeding in field crops are highlighted. The indicators of the influence of a complex of factors on development and mass reproduction of insects under modern agricultural systems are generalized. The species composition of insect phytophages in new crops is specified. More than 20 species of pests were identified that severely damaged this crop according to the results of the monitoring of the wheat entomocomplex. The analysis of influence of temperature, air and soil on the trophic links of phytophages and development and survival of their stages was conducted. A close connection between the level of productivity and the stages of organogenesis of plants with separate stages of development of the main species of phytophages was established. The analysis of efficiency of application of modern monitoring of a complex of pests at new systems of protection of winter wheat has been carried out. Cereal flies, aphids and other pests are found are found on wheat. The basic ecological and biological peculiarities of the formation of the entomocomplex of winter wheat are determined. The peculiarity of monitoring and control of harmful insect species on winter wheat crops in the forest-steppe of Ukraine is highlighted. The analysis of the modeling efficiency of the number of harmful and useful insect for resource-saving systems of winter wheat protection is carried out. The peculiarities of biology and ecology of pests of stem and of the root system of winter wheat in the region of research are specified. The peculiarities of the formation of entomocomplexes in agrocenoses vary according to certain parameters, in particular the number of soil and interstitial phytophages, taking into account the radius of their daily displacement. It is relevant to determine the total demand of pests in feeding at the actual population of individuals at different stages of ontogenesis of grain crops for effective crop management. The application of resource saving models of the calculation of phytophage dynamics on cereal crops by hydrothermal coefficient at different periods of development of plants and phytophages in the production, which allows to determine the quantitative changes of a separate entomocomplex in grain crops in time and space. The development and introduction of integrated methods for the control of winter wheat pests according to modern agricultural systems in the forest-steppe of Ukraine, which determines the expected loss of grain in the crop fields becomes important.

scholarly journals The expediency of using a plant protection system using the microbiological fungicide BisolbiSan, W in the cultivation of winter wheat in the Southern natural and agricultural zone of the Rostov region

2022 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 01020
Author(s):  
Gennady Urban ◽  
Olga Krotova ◽  
Denis Efimov ◽  
Konstantin Savenkov ◽  
Maria Savenkova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Subtilis Strain ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plant Protection System

The authors analyzed the biological effectiveness of the integrated plant protection system formed when the microbiological fungicide BisolbiSan, Zh was included in the classical protection scheme adopted in the farms of the Rostov region. The biological effectiveness of the integrated protection system, including the fungicide BisolbiSan, was analyzed, the impact of the studied protection system on the yield, the quality of the grain obtained, the phytosanitary condition of the crop during the growing season on winter wheat crops of the variety Nakhodka with the use of a plant protection system, including the fungicide BisolbiSan, Zh. The fungicide BisolbiSan, containing a culture of rhizospheric bacteria Bacillus subtilis strain H-13, suppresses the germination of spores and mycelium growth of phytopathogenic fungi due to the multilateral action of bacterial metabolites, without causing the formation of resistance in pathogens. It was found that the protection system used practically does not cause a decrease in grain quality — in terms of the average protein and gluten content, the grain at the experimental site even slightly exceeds the grain obtained from the control site by 16.88% and 27.8%. With the cost of winter wheat grain of 1100 rubles/kg, an increase in the yield in the experiment of 3.8 kg/ha in relation to control and the cost of an experimental protection system in the amount of 3,357 rubles/ha, revenue amounted to 823 rubles/ha.

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