scholarly journals DRINKING WATER POLLUTION IN INDIA - A CHALLENGE FOR HUMAN HEALTH

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (9SE) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Anjana Jain
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Public ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization

According to the latest report of the World Health Organization, 7 lakh 83 thousand people die due to polluted water every year in India. The main challenge of the Government of India is to provide clean water to the public. Therefore, in the study presented, an attempt has been made to know why there is pollution of drinking water, what types of diseases are caused by this polluted water, d. An attempt has been made to know its negative effects and pure drinking water treatment. The data and facts have been compiled on a secondary basis. विष्व स्वास्थ संगठन की ताजा रिपोर्ट के अनुसार भारत में प्रतिवर्ष 7 लाख 83 हजार लोग प्रदूषित जल की वजह से मरते है। जनता को साफ पानी पहुचाना भारत सरकार की मुख्य चुनौति है। अतः प्रस्तुत अध्ययन में यह जानने का प्रयास किया गया है कि पेयजल प्रदुषण क्यों होता है घ् इस प्रदूषित जल से किस प्रकार की बीमारियाँ उत्पन्न होती है घ् इसके नकारात्मक प्रभाव एवं शुध्द पेयजल उपचार को जानने का प्रयास किया गया है। आंकड़ो व तथ्यों का संकलन द्वितीयक आधार पर किया गया है।

Novel Coronavirus in India Outbreaks around World: A Statistical Analysis of Odisha, India & World

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debabrata Singh ◽  
Suman Sekhar Sarangi ◽  
Milu Acharya ◽  
Surjeet Sahoo ◽  
Shakti Ketan Prusty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
World Health ◽  
Swine Flu ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Rate Of Recovery ◽  
The Government ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Background: The Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization (WHO) declared novel Coronavirus (nCoV-2019) outbreaks in 2019 and is pandemic. Methods: This research work made an analysis of the nCoV-2019 outbreak in India solely based on a mathematical model. Results: The historical epidemics in the world are plague, AIDS, Swine flu, ebola, zika virus, Black Death and SARS. Considering the model used for SARS 2003, the present research on Covid-2019 estimates characteristics of rate of infectious (I) and rate of recovery(R) which leads to estimation the I and R leads to predict the number of infectious and recovery. Through ruling out the unpredictable, unreasonable data, the model predicts that the number of the cumulative 2019-nCoV cases may reach from 3398458(mid of May) to 15165863, with a peak of the unrecovered infective (2461434-15165863) occurring in late April to late July. In this paper we predicate how the confirmed infected cases would rapidly decrease until late March to July in India. We also focus how the Government of Odisha (a state of India) creates a history in the protective measures of Covid-19. Conclusion: The growing infected cases may get reduced by 70-79% by strong anti-epidemic measures. The enforcement of shutdown, lockdown, awareness, and improvement of medical and health care could also lead to about one-half transmission decrease and constructively abridge the duration of the 2019 n-CoV.

Contribution to the Issue of Essential Drugs in Czechoslovakia

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1013-1014
Author(s):  
Josef V. Kolář ◽  
Viliam J. Foltán
Keyword(s):  
Dosage Forms ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Organization Model ◽  
The Public ◽  
Essential Drugs ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization

OBJECTIVE: To determine the ratio represented by essential drugs (EDs) in the total consumption of drugs in Czechoslovakia in 1989. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of the assortment and consumption of EDs in 1989. SETTING: Department of the Organization and Management of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bratislava. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Consumption of drugs and/or pharmacotherapeutic groups, expressed by the number of formulations, number of units, and in financial terms. RESULTS: EDs constitute approximately one-third of the total consumption of drugs in Czechoslovakia (both in terms of volume and finances); almost 60 percent of EDs have dosage forms and concentrations identical to those shown in the World Health Organization Model List of Essential Drugs (Sixth List). CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained indicate that there is need for a regular updating of the drug policy within the public health branch of the government to more effectively regulate the production and import of drugs.

scholarly journals Insights into Solar Disinfection Enhancements for Drinking Water Treatment Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10570
Author(s):  
Abdassalam A. Azamzam ◽  
Mohd Rafatullah ◽  
Esam Bashir Yahya ◽  
Mardiana Idayu Ahmad ◽  
Japareng Lalung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Solar Disinfection ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Health Organization

Poor access to drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene has always been a major concern and a main challenge facing humanity even in the current century. A third of the global population lacks access to microbiologically safe drinking water, especially in rural and poor areas that lack proper treatment facilities. Solar water disinfection (SODIS) is widely proven by the World Health Organization as an accepted method for inactivating waterborne pathogens. A significant number of studies have recently been conducted regarding its effectiveness and how to overcome its limitations, by using water pretreatment steps either by physical, chemical, and biological factors or the integration of photocatalysis in SODIS processes. This review covers the role of solar disinfection in water treatment applications, going through different water treatment approaches including physical, chemical, and biological, and discusses the inactivation mechanisms of water pathogens including bacteria, viruses, and even protozoa and fungi. The review also addresses the latest advances in different pre-treatment modifications to enhance the treatment performance of the SODIS process in addition to the main limitations and challenges.

scholarly journals SENTIMENT ANALYSIS OF COVID-19 VACCINATION POSTS ON FACEBOOK IN INDONESIA WITH CROWDTANGLE

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-362
Author(s):  
Adita Rianto ◽  
Ahmad Rafie Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
The Public ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Positive Content

COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) due to the virus's uncontrolled spread around the world, including in Indonesia. The Indonesian government has made a number of steps to stop COVID-19 from spreading, one of which is COVID-19 vaccinations. However, not everyone thinks the vaccination is a good idea. Just like in many other countries, Indonesian people responded in different ways to COVID-19 vaccination posts on social media, be it from government officials/agencies or news portals. Their responses can be used to help the government decide on a better vaccination strategy that will help minimize the virus spread and end the pandemic in Indonesia. Using the lexicon method in determining the content sentiment in COVID-19 vaccination posts on Facebook, this research found that unlike news portals that tend to post a more balanced content (36% positive, 20% negative, and 44% neutral out of 23,623 posts with min score = -19, max score = 24, mean score = 0.25, and SD = = 1.43), government accounts posted much more positive content, both in terms of quality (min score = -15, max score = 40, mean score = 4.16, SD = 6.76 ) and quantity (69% classified as positive) than they did the neutral (15%) and the negative content (16%) out of 723 posts. Subsequent analysis with Two-Way ANOVA tests discovered that COVID-19 vaccination posts by the news portal accounts can elicit more varied reactions from the public than government accounts that tended to elicit only positive reactions. It is also confirmed that both the content sentiment of COVID-19 vaccination posts in Indonesia and the account types making the posts as well as their interaction terms do have an impact on how the public responses to them.

scholarly journals Attitude, Perception, and Knowledge of COVID-19 Among General Public in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sammina Mahmood ◽  
Tariq Hussain ◽  
Faiq Mahmood ◽  
Mehmood Ahmad ◽  
Arfa Majeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
The Public ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization has acknowledged coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease as a pandemic. Efforts are being made all over the world to raise awareness to prevent the spread of the disease. The goal of this study was to assess the attitude, perception, and knowledge of Pakistani people toward COVID-19 disease. We conducted a cross-sectional survey in which a questionnaire of 17 questions was transformed online on Google forms and was sent to random individuals online. A total of 1,000 questionnaires from individuals throughout Pakistan were evaluated. The results revealed that 42.9% of the participants knew about COVID-19 through social media, the largest source of information. Most of the participants (48.3%) started working from home amid the lockdown; 39.9% of the participants reported that they wash their hands every hour, and 56.9% participants are using a surgical mask. About thermal scanners, 30.5% of the people answered they may be effective, and 46.0% of the people think COVID-19 is a bioweapon; 59% of the participants think everyone is susceptible, whereas 83.9% of the people recognize fever as a primary symptom; 65.2% of the people are practicing social distancing, whereas 85.1% of the people think social gatherings causes spread of the disease. In general, participants had a good knowledge about the disease and a positive attitude toward protective measures. The effective measures are being taken by the government and the public; still, there remains a need for further awareness campaigns and knowledge of safe interventions to combat the spread of disease.

scholarly journals O Teletrabalho na Administração Pública: o que Muda com a Instrução Normativa 44 de Junho de 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (41) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Augusto Lemos Regis
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Population ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization

ResumoA Pandemia do novo coronavírus fez o Mundo parar. O alto grau de contágio da doença colocou a população mundial em quarentena, impedindo a livre circulação de pessoas para lazer, compras e até trabalho. No Brasil, as medidas para evitar o contágio seguiram as orientações da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) e a Administração Pública precisou encontrar maneiras para poder continuar a produzir e oferecer os serviços à população levando em consideração a crise na Saúde Mundial. Em suas demandas, o Governo redigiu a Instrução Normativa nº 44, de 10 de junho de 2020, que modifica o documento anterior sobre teletrabalho no funcionalismo público, a Instrução Normativa nº 1 de agosto de 2018. Este artigo tem como objetivo comparar as duas Instruções Normativas e a CLT, no que se refere à adoção da modalidade de trabalho remoto no serviço público. Para essa análise se utiliza do método comparativo com as bibliografias produzidas no Brasil por pesquisadores da área de Administração Pública e a consulta das leis referentes à regulamentação do teletrabalho no funcionalismo público. O resultado dessas análises encontrará mudanças e melhorias para o servidor em serviço remoto e a manutenção da eficiência dos serviços públicos diante do problema mundial atual. Ao final do trabalho, com grande parte das repartições informatizadas e experiências positivas em diversas instituições do Governo, a Instrução Normativa nº 44 de junho de 2020 mostrará que é possível um processo menos burocrático na implementação do teletrabalho na Administração Pública Federal. Palavras chave: Administração Pública. Setor Público. Teletrabalho. Instrução Normativa. AbstractThe new coronavirus pandemic has stopped the world. The high degree of the disease contagion put the world population in quarantine, preventing the free movement of people for leisure, shopping and even work. In Brazil, measures to avoid contagion followed the WHO guidelines (World Health Organization) and the Public Administration needed to find ways to continue to produce and offer services to the population taking into account the global health crisis. In its demands, the government drafted Normative Instruction No. 44, of June 10th, 2020 which modifies the previous document on teleworking in the public service, Normative Instruction No. 1 of August 2018. This article aims to compare the two Normative Instructions and CLT regarding the adoption of the remote work modality in the public service. For this analysis the comparative method will be used with the bibliographies produced in Brazil by researchers in the public administration area and the laws consultation regarding the telework regulation in the civil service. The result of these analyzes will find changes and improvements for the server in remote service and the maintenance of the public services efficiency before the current global problem. With a large part of the computerized offices and with positive experiences in various government institutions, the Normative Instruction No. 44 of June 2020 will show that a less bureaucratic process in the teleworking implementation in the Federal Public Administration is possible. Keywords: Public Administration, Public Sector, Telework, Normative Instruction.

Novel Coronavirus 2019 Outbreak: A Global Epidemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1458-1464
Author(s):  
Sweta Kamboj ◽  
Rohit Kamboj ◽  
Shikha Kamboj ◽  
Kumar Guarve ◽  
Rohit Dutt
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tract Disease ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Background: In the 1960s, the human coronavirus was designated, which is responsible for the upper respiratory tract disease in children. Back in 2003, mainly 5 new coronaviruses were recognized. This study directly pursues to govern knowledge, attitude and practice of viral and droplet infection isolation safeguard among the researchers during the outbreak of the COVID-19. Introduction: Coronavirus is a proteinaceous and infectious pathogen. It is an etiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Coronavirus, appeared in China from the seafood and poultry market last year, which has spread in various countries, and has caused several deaths. Methods: The literature data has been taken from different search platforms like PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, Web of Science, who.int portal and complied. Results: Corona virology study will be more advanced and outstanding in recent years. COVID-19 epidemic is a threatening reminder not solely for one country but all over the universe. Conclusion: In this review article, we encapsulated the pathogenesis, geographical spread of coronavirus worldwide, also discussed the perspective of diagnosis, effective treatment, and primary recommendations by the World Health Organization, and guidelines of the government to slow down the impact of the virus are also optimistic, efficacious and obliging for the public health. However, it will take a prolonged time in the future to overcome this epidemic.

ARIMA model for forecasting COVID-19 Death cases in India (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeya Sutha M
Keyword(s):  
Arima Model ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Death Cases

UNSTRUCTURED COVID-19, the disease caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a highly contagious disease. On January 30, 2020 the World Health Organization declared the outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. As of July 25, 2020; 15,947,292 laboratory-confirmed and 642,814 deaths have been reported globally. India has reported 1,338,928 confirmed cases and 31,412 deaths till date. This paper presents different aspects of COVID-19, visualization of the spread of infection and presents the ARIMA model for forecasting the status of COVID-19 death cases in the next 50 days in order to take necessary precaution by the Government to save the people.

scholarly journals Assessment of drinking water contamination in food stalls of Jashore Municipality, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Molla Rahman Shaibur ◽  
Mohammed Sadid Hossain ◽  
Shirina Khatun ◽  
F. K. Sayema Tanzia
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
World Health ◽  
Drinking Water Contamination ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the quality of drinking water supplied in different types of food stalls in Jashore Municipality, Bangladesh. A total of 35 water samples were collected from different tea stalls, street side fast food stalls, normal restaurants and well-furnished restaurants. The water quality was evaluated by determining the distinct physical, chemical and biological parameters. The results revealed that the water used in the food stalls and restaurants for drinking purpose was in desired quality in terms of turbidity, electrical conductivity, pH, total dissolved solids, nitrate (NO3−), sulfate (SO42−), phosphate (PO43−), chloride (Cl−), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) concentrations. The values were within the permissible limit proposed by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics and the World Health Organization. Concentrations of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) found in several samples were higher than the World Health Organization standard. Iron (Fe) concentrations were higher than the permissible limit of the World Health Organization. Only 46% exceeded the permissible limit of Bangladesh Bureau Statistics. The threatening result was that the samples were contaminated by fecal coliform, indicating that the people of Jashore Municipality may have a greater chance of being affected by pathogenic bacteria. The drinking water provided in the street side fast food stalls was biologically contaminated. The findings demonstrate that the drinking water used in food stalls and restaurants of Jashore Municipality did not meet up the potable drinking water quality standards and therefore was detrimental to public health.

scholarly journals Building evidence on what works (and what does not): practical guidance from the World Health Organization on post-project evaluation of adolescent sexual and reproductive health projects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Igras ◽  
Marina Plesons ◽  
Venkatraman Chandra-Mouli
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Project Evaluation ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Public ◽  
What Works ◽  
The World ◽  
Practical Guidance ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Over the past 25 years, there has been significant progress in increasing the recognition of, resources for, and action on adolescent health, and adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) in particular. As with numerous other health areas, however, many of the projects that aim to improve ASRH are implemented without well-thought-out plans for evaluation. As a result, the lessons that projects learn as they encounter and address policy and programmatic challenges are often not extracted and placed in the public arena. In such cases, post-project evaluation (PPE) offers the possibility to generate learnings about what works (and does not work), to complement prospective studies of new or follow-on projects. To fill the gap in the literature and guidance on PPE, the World Health Organization developed The project has ended, but we can still learn from it! Practical guidance for conducting post-project evaluations of adolescent sexual and reproductive health projects. This article provides an overview of the guidance by outlining key methodological and contextual challenges in conducting PPE, as well as illustrative solutions for responding to them.

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