Issues in translating English and Arabic plurals

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 7-27
Author(s):  
Reima AL-JARF
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Plural Form ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Common Strategy ◽  
Image Processors

This study explores undergraduate students’ difficulties in translating English and Arabic plurals. The results of an English and Arabic plural translation test exhibited cases where Arabic plurals matching those in English were translated correctly. However, the students had difficulty translating the following: (i) Arabic plurals with a singular English equivalent, e.g., مجوهرات /mujawharaat/ jewellery; (ii) Arabic duals with two different singular stems, e.g., الرافدان the Tigris and Euphrates; (iii) multiple Arabic plurals, i.e. plurals of paucity and multiplicity, e.g., دجاج /dajaaj/ chicken, دجاجات /dajaajaat/ a number of hens; (iv) stems with two plurals and different usages, e.g., economics اقتصاديات /iqtiṣadiyyaat/, economies اقتصادات /iqtiṣadaat/; (v) compound plurals, e.g., image processors معالجات الصور /muʕaalijaat aṣṣuwar/; (vi) English nouns ending in -ies that have the same singular and plural form, e.g., series, species; (vii) singular and plural forms of the same base when the base could assume two parts of speech, e.g., rich and riches; wood and woods; (viii) foreign/Latin singular and plural forms, e.g. ,indices, larvae, tempi, oases; and (ix) names of tools and articles of dress consisting of two parts ending in -s, e.g., scissors مقص /miqaṣ/, مقصات /miqaṣaat/, scales ميزان /mīzaan/ and موازين /mawazīn/ and more. Error data analysis showed that the subjects made more errors in translating Arabic plurals into English than in translating English plurals into Arabic, made more interlanguage than interlanguage errors, had more morphological than semantic difficulties on the Arabic-English plural translation test, and had more semantic difficulties on the English-Arabic plural translation test. They tended to translate imitatively rather than discriminately, and literal translation was the most common strategy. When they could not access the meaning of a noun on the test, they provided an equivalent that was phonologically close, or offered a paraphrase, an explanation, or an extraneous equivalent. In translating English and Arabic plurals, transfers were bidirectional, i.e., students transferred a noun’s morphological features from the source to the target language, regardless of whether the source language was Arabic (L1) or English (L2). Recommendations for plural translation instruction are provided.

scholarly journals Analysis technique of translation and measurement shift (shifts) in text of AXA Life contract Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Pantas Simanjuntak
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Qualitative Data Analysis ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Structural Shifts

The research was carried out to analyse a legislative text as a product of translation. It is referred to Seiddel's qualitative data analysis where the data processing was performed by selecting, identification, and tabulating. (2%), compensation (1%), description (2%) discursive creation (5%) generalization (5%), literal translation (10%), modulation (8%), particularization (5%) reduction (5%) completion (4%), and dilation (14%). Meanwhile, the four categories shift are implemented as the following frequency: Intra-system shifts; 90 (52.02%), followed by Unit Shifts 46 (26.59%), Structural Shifts 24 (13.88%), and then Class Shifts 13 (7.51%). The other finding was inaccurateness. It was found that there were inaccurate translation for 5 phrases, and resulted not equivalence ones in rendering the source language into the target language.

THE TRANSLATION STRATEGIES OF METAPHOR IN THE MAGIC OF THINKING BIG TRANSLATED INTO BAHASA INDONESIA BY DIAN PARAMESTI BAHAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairani Hayat Situmorang ◽  
I. W. Dirgeyasa ◽  
Zainuddin Zainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Qualitative Design ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Free Translation ◽  
Dead Metaphor ◽  
Word Translation ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia ◽  
Communicative Translation

The research dealt with Metaphor Sentences. The aims of this study were: (1) to find out the translation strategies of metaphors are used in The Magic of Thinking Big and (2) to describe the translation strategies maintain metaphors in The Magic of Thinking Big. The research was conducted by using qualitative design. The data of this study were sentences. The data were collected through documentary technique and the instrument was the documentary sheet. The technique of data analysis was descriptive. The finding of this study revealed that: (1) The metaphor in The magic of Thinking Big were translated by applying six translation strategies, namely: word for word Translation (5.3%) lieral translation (4.3%), faithful translation (57.5%), Free translation (3.2%), communicative translation (30.5%) and discursive creation was found (2.2%). (2) The metaphors are maintained that found in the Magic of Thinking Big are original metaphors turned into another original metaphors, stock metaphors turned into another stock metaphors, adapted metaphors turned into adapted metaphors, dead metaphors turned into dead metaphors, original metaphor turned into stock metaphor, stock metaphor turned into original metaphor, meanwhile, 10 original metaphors and 1 dead metaphor are no longer classified as metaphors. Language has special characteristic that is metaphor sentences, therefore in the case of translating of metaphor sentences in which their concept in unknown for readers, the translator often faces the problems to find out the translation strategies to translate metaphor in a source language (SL) and how the metaphor sentences are maintained in the target language (TL).Keywords : Metaphor, Translation Strategies, Maintain Metaphor

TRANSLATION SHIFT IN THE TRANSLATED NOVEL OF “TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD” BY FEMMY SYAHRIANNI

LINGUISTICA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Sukma Lestari And Zainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Target Language ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Data Display ◽  
Source Language ◽  
To Kill A Mockingbird

The aim of this study were to find out category shift types used in thetranslation of novel To Kill A Bird and to describe of how category shift is translatedin the novel from English into Indonesian. This study were conducted by usingdescriptive qualitative method. The data of the study were words, phrases, andclauses in the novel To Kill A Mockingbird which is translated into Indonesian byFemmy Syahrianni. It was found that there were 280 data in the novel from Englishinto Indonesian. The data analysis were taken by listing and bolding. Documentarysheets used as the instrument to collect the data. The data were analyzed based onMiles and Huberman (2014) by condensation which consists of selecting, focusing,simplifying, abstracting and transforming and then data display by using table inorder to get easy analyzing the data. The result of this study were (1) there were fourtypes of category shifts found in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird namely; structureshifts (36.78%), class shift (27.14%), unit shift (32.5%) and intra-system shift(3.27%). (2) The process of category shifts in the translation novel by havingmodifier-head in source language changed into head-modifier in target language,adverb in source language changed into verb in target language, one unit in sourcelanguage changed into some units in target language. and plural in source languagechanged into singular in target language.

scholarly journals THE TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES USED IN THE BILINGUAL DESTINATION MAP “PETA WISATA JAWA TENGAH” TRANSLATED INTO “CENRAL JAVA TOURIST MAP”

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayantina Arafanti ◽  
Rahmanti Asmarani
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Translation Technique ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This study aims to find the translation techniques used by the translator in translating sentences of the bilingual destination map. The researchers used descriptive qualitative method to describe the translation techniques applied in the bilingual destination map “Peta Wisata Jawa Tengah” which is translated into “Central Java Tourist Map”. This study starts by finding the problem, collecting data, classifying data, analyzing data, and drawing the conclusion. The mostly used in translation techniques is literal translation technique to make the translation work clear for the tourists domestic even international. This technique is used when the target language (TL) is applied through the sentence without observing the differences of context or meaning in the source language (SL), whereas the discursive creation and description are rarely used.

scholarly journals Translating Proverbs in the Mate ras Mate Film Texts from Karonese Language into English

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Milisi Sembiring ◽  
Vivi Novalia Sitinjak
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Method ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Cultural Terms ◽  
Film Texts ◽  
Film Text

The research aimed to explore the problems and the solutions in translating proverbs in the SL into the TL. This research applied a qualitative research and supported by cultural and translation analyses. The data were collected from the dialogues of Ngapul and Yerti in the film of “Mate ras Mate”. The Karonese proverbs in the MRM film texts were the source language (SL). The researchers translated the SL and found out their equivalents in the target language (TL) in English. The data for this research were gathered from its film text. After collecting the proverbs in film, the researchers identified and translated them into English. The researchers applied the translation procedures of cultural equivalent, paraphrase, descriptive equivalent, and literal translation method to translate the proverbs in the SL into the TL. The result shows that many Karonese proverbs and cultural terms in the SL have no equivalent in the TL.

INVITATION AS A TYPE OF BUSINESS DOCUMENTATION: TRANSLATION ASPECT

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (31) ◽  
pp. 328-341
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Ruda
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Regular Language ◽  
International Communication ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Language Form ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Informative Content

The relevance of the chosen topic can be explained by the rapid expansion of the international relations of Ukraine with other states, the trends towards the country’s integration into educational and scientific European and world spaces. This fact leads to an increase in the volume of business documents in this area and determines the search for the optimal rendering all substantive and formal parameters of the Ukrainian business documents into English, the language of international communication. The aim of the study is to identify the specifics of the translation of the modern Ukrainian business documents into English. The results of the study prove grammatical translation transformations to be the most frequent ones, which make up 90 % of all stated translation techniques. Replacements of the parts of speech are quite common within the framework of the material under study, which make up 35 %. Replacement of the parts of speech in most cases causes another type of replacement, namely, replacement of the parts of the sentence, which makes 30 % of the cases (syntactic restructuring). The second place is occupied by transposition (10 %). The least frequent transformations in the translation of the texts of the Ukrainian invitations into English are syntactic assimilation (literal translation), sentences merging and splitting (5 % each). Lexical translation transformations also make up an insignificant part (10 %) of the total number of the specified transformations. The linguistic manifestation of the translation of the studied type of the text is focused primarily on the target language, since it is important to render the informative content in the regular language form.

scholarly journals THE TRANSLATION STRATEGIES OF METAPHOR IN THE MAGIC OF THINKING BIG TRANSLATED INTO BAHASA INDONESIA BY DIAN PARAMESTI BAHAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairani Hayat Situmorang ◽  
I Wy. Dirgeyasa ◽  
Zanuddin Zainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Qualitative Design ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Free Translation ◽  
Dead Metaphor ◽  
Word Translation ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia ◽  
Communicative Translation

The research dealt with Metaphor Sentences. The aims of this study were: (1) to find out the translation strategies of metaphors are used in The Magic of Thinking Big and (2) to describe the translation strategies maintain metaphors in The Magic of Thinking Big. The research was conducted by using qualitative design. The data of this study were sentences. The data were collected through documentary technique and the instrument was the documentary sheet. The technique of data analysis was descriptive. The finding of this study revealed that: (1) The metaphor in The magic of Thinking Big were translated by applying six translation strategies, namely: word for word Translation (5.3%) lieral translation (4.3%), faithful translation (57.5%), Free translation (3.2%), communicative translation (30.5%) and discursive creation was found (2.2%). (2) The metaphors are maintained that found in the Magic of Thinking Big are original metaphors turned into another original metaphors, stock metaphors turned into another stock metaphors, adapted metaphors turned into adapted metaphors, dead metaphors turned into dead metaphors, original metaphor turned into stock metaphor, stock metaphor turned into original metaphor, meanwhile, 10 original metaphors and 1 dead metaphor are no longer classified as metaphors. Language has special characteristic that is metaphor sentences, therefore in the case of translating of metaphor sentences in which their concept in unknown for readers, the translator often faces the problems to find out the translation strategies to translate metaphor in a source language (SL) and how the metaphor sentences are maintained in the target language (TL).Keywords : Metaphor, Translation Strategies, Maintain Metaphor               

scholarly journals گــام¬های عـملی یک ترجــمهء حرفه¬ای Practical Steps For Literal Translation

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (43) ◽  
pp. 358-375
Author(s):  
Mahdi Ahmed Hussen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Target Language ◽  
Sequential Order ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Foreign Text ◽  
Language Text ◽  
Contextual Meaning ◽  
Effective Translation

پژوهش حاضر که با عنوان گام­های عملی یک ترجمهء حرفه­­­­­­­­ای يك تلاش فروتنانه به دنبال بررسی وتحلیل گام­های عملی ترجمه حرفه­ای است، كه هر مترجم برای ارائه یک ترجمه خوب و درست از زبان مبدأ به زبان مقصد باید ان را دنبال کند. پژوهش از شش مطلب تشکیل یافته است, كه مجموع آن گام­های عملی یک ترجمهء حرفه­ای به شمار می روند .از میان مهمترین نتایجی که پژوهشگر به آن رسیده: ترجمه هم مانند هر فعالیت ادبی باید طبق مرحله­هایی یا با گام­های مرتب ویکی پس از دیگری انجام شود وگرنه کار کم اهمیت خواهد بود, و گام­های عملی ترجمه حرفه­ای عبارتنداز: انتخاب کتاب،گرفتن اجازه از صاحب اثر،شروع به ترجمهء متن اثر،ترجمهء عنوان کتاب ، ویرایش وانتخاب ناشر. Abstract The present paper, practical methods of professional translation, discusses the most important methods to achieve an accurate effective translation from the source language text to the equivalent target language text. The present study suggests that practical translation like any literary activity is of six main stages that follow sequential order to achieve an accurate translation: (choosing the foreign text to be translated, the author of the text permission, the text translation, considering the title contextual meaning, reviewing the text translation, and finally finding a good publisher).

scholarly journals THE REALIZATION OF TRANSLATION STRATEGIES IN LIVE METAPHORS IN SUMATERA FOLKLORES INTO ENGLISH

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Khawardi ◽  
Anni Holila Pulungan ◽  
Amrin Saragih
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Qualitative Design ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Single Strategy

In accordance with translation, the metaphors must be translated very carefully in order to avoid misunderstanding. Larson (1984:250) states that If metaphors from source language are translated literally into the target language, they will often be completely misunderstood. Because the translation cannot simply reproduce, or be, the original. In fact, in the folklores there are still literally in translating the text. The aims of this study were to describe the realization of translation strategies in the translation live metaphors in the Sumatera Folklores. The research was conducted by using qualitative design. The data of this study were live metaphors in the Sumatera Folklores. The source of data were 15 folklores in Sumatera. The data were collected through documentary technique and the instrument for collecting the data was documentary sheet. The technique of data analysis was descriptive. The findings of this study revealed that the realization of translation strategies in live metaphors in the Sumatera Folklores into English by applying two process, namely: Single Strategy (91.83%), Double Strategies (8.16%). Metaphors often become the problem in translation and in accordance with translation, the metaphors must be translated from source language (SL) into target language (TL) in order to avoid misunderstanding. Keywords: Translation Strategies, Live Metaphor, Sumatera language, Folklores

scholarly journals PENERJEMAHAN KATA BUDAYA DALAM LASKAR PELANGI KE DALAM NOVEL BAHASA JEPANG NIJI NO SHOONENTACHI

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Mike Nurjana
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Language Style ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
The Aesthetic

<p>This research aims to describe the method and technique of the translation of cultural words in “Laskar Pelangi” into a Japanese novel, “Niji no Shoonentachi.” This research uses a descriptive approach with comparative models. Cultural words in this study are determined based on the classification proposed by Newmark’s models. In this research 186 data have been collected according to the two cultural categories, namely, material one and ecological one. The data collection was conducted by comparing Japanese: the target language, and Indonesian: the source language. This comparative analysis of the data uses work tools such as dictionaries, both printed and online. <br />As a result, there are 161 equivalent and 25 not equivalent found out of the 186 data in the translation. The strategy used by the translator consists of literal translation, using general words, cultural substitution, couplet, naturalization from Indonesian, omission, descriptive, naturalization from English and calque. Meanwhile, the language style of the translator tends to follow the language style of the author, trying to bring out the aesthetic value of the source language. Following this tendency and this attitude, the translator of “Laskar Pelangi” has produced the good quality translation</p>

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