INVITATION AS A TYPE OF BUSINESS DOCUMENTATION: TRANSLATION ASPECT

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (31) ◽  
pp. 328-341
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Ruda
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Regular Language ◽  
International Communication ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Language Form ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Informative Content

The relevance of the chosen topic can be explained by the rapid expansion of the international relations of Ukraine with other states, the trends towards the country’s integration into educational and scientific European and world spaces. This fact leads to an increase in the volume of business documents in this area and determines the search for the optimal rendering all substantive and formal parameters of the Ukrainian business documents into English, the language of international communication. The aim of the study is to identify the specifics of the translation of the modern Ukrainian business documents into English. The results of the study prove grammatical translation transformations to be the most frequent ones, which make up 90 % of all stated translation techniques. Replacements of the parts of speech are quite common within the framework of the material under study, which make up 35 %. Replacement of the parts of speech in most cases causes another type of replacement, namely, replacement of the parts of the sentence, which makes 30 % of the cases (syntactic restructuring). The second place is occupied by transposition (10 %). The least frequent transformations in the translation of the texts of the Ukrainian invitations into English are syntactic assimilation (literal translation), sentences merging and splitting (5 % each). Lexical translation transformations also make up an insignificant part (10 %) of the total number of the specified transformations. The linguistic manifestation of the translation of the studied type of the text is focused primarily on the target language, since it is important to render the informative content in the regular language form.

scholarly journals THE TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES USED IN THE BILINGUAL DESTINATION MAP “PETA WISATA JAWA TENGAH” TRANSLATED INTO “CENRAL JAVA TOURIST MAP”

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayantina Arafanti ◽  
Rahmanti Asmarani
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Translation Technique ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This study aims to find the translation techniques used by the translator in translating sentences of the bilingual destination map. The researchers used descriptive qualitative method to describe the translation techniques applied in the bilingual destination map “Peta Wisata Jawa Tengah” which is translated into “Central Java Tourist Map”. This study starts by finding the problem, collecting data, classifying data, analyzing data, and drawing the conclusion. The mostly used in translation techniques is literal translation technique to make the translation work clear for the tourists domestic even international. This technique is used when the target language (TL) is applied through the sentence without observing the differences of context or meaning in the source language (SL), whereas the discursive creation and description are rarely used.

scholarly journals Metode dan Prosedur Penerjemahan Quote Anime Bahasa Jepang ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia pada Official Akun LINE Bahasa Jepang Bersama

HUMANIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Ida Ayu Made Dwi Ratna Komala ◽  
Made Ratna Dian Aryani ◽  
Renny Anggraeny
Keyword(s):  
Research Data ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Free Translation ◽  
Translational Equivalence ◽  
Translation Methods ◽  
Text Content ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

The title of this research is “Method and Procedure of Translation used in Anime Quotes from Japanese to Indonesia at Official Account LINE Bahasa Jepang Bersama”. The purpose of the research is to identify the types of technique, procedure, and method of translation applied in translating anime quotes. Theories used in this research are the theory of translation techniques proposed by Molina and Albir (2002), the procedure of translation by Vinay and Darbelnet (1995), and the translation methods by Newmark (1988). The research data was analyzed by translational equivalence method and glossing. The result of the data analysis indicates that there are several translation techniques applied, they are literal translation, amplification, modulation, linguistic amplification,established equivalence, reduction, and transposition. The most found translation technique is literal translation because its aim is to produce a translation that stick to the originality of the language source text content and form. Then, there are procedures of translation applied, they are literal translation, transposition, and modulation. Thereafter for the method of translation applied they are literal translation, free translation, communicative translation, and idiomatic translation. The most found translation method is free translation because its aim is to produce a translation that fit to the need of target language readers. The translation methods applied tend to be oriented towards the target language.

scholarly journals AUDIOVISUAL AND SONG TRANSLATION OF INDONESIAN SUBTITLE IN SHELTER MUSIC VIDEO

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-339
Author(s):  
Mohamad Irham Poluwa ◽  
Nafilaturif'ah Nafilaturif'ah
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Music Video ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Reduction Theory ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Collaboration Project

The current study aimed to find out the translation techniques applied by the translator in creating the Indonesian subtitles for the original lyrics of Shelter – a collaboration project of music video by Porter Robinson and Madeon, A1-Pictures and Crunchyroll uploaded on YouTube in 2016. The data were analyzed based on the audiovisual translation theory, especially the linguistics of subtitling, the translation technical procedures in the compared stylistics, and the choice in song translation. The study also applied qualitative approach which enabled the researchers to emerge data in descriptive way (in the form of words or pictures instead of numbers). Furthermore, the data were also in the forms of an audiovisual content. The study indicated that most of the lyrics were translated based on literal translation that was reflected by the equivalence of the source language and the target language. The audiovisual theory, particularly reduction theory was also applied in creating the subtitles. In addition, the subtitles were created without taking the music into consideration, meaning that the subtitles were devoted as a supplement or no more than another piece of the source text.  

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF TRANSLATION OF GERMAN SPECIAL VOCABULARY OF SHIPBUILDING AND SEAFARING

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (86) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Kaplinska ◽  
◽  
Iryna Baklan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Communication ◽  
Target Language ◽  
German Language ◽  
Lexical Borrowing ◽  
Subject Knowledge ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Correct Translation

The article is devoted to the terminological aspects of translation, which cause difficulties in reproducing the German professional vocabulary of the shipbuilding and seafaring in the Ukrainian language. The authors consider a special vocabulary, which includes professional vocabulary, jargon and nomenclature. And since these days international communication plays a crucial role in the formation of the country on the world stage, the focus is precisely on terminology, the correct translation of which will allow experts in any industry to understand each other. The case study revealed that the Ukrainian terminology of shipbuilding and seafaring is non-uniform and non-standard, which significantly complicates the translation. The main obstacle to adequate translation is the phenomenon of synonymy. Maritime terminology has a rich tradition in the German language, which is associated with the presence of realities that should be reproduced by means of the Ukrainian language. In this case, the approach of lexical borrowing is useful, which provides target text economy; although in some cases, it can complicate the perception of exotic vocabulary in the target language. In order to avoid these difficulties, it is appropriate to use descriptive translation or analogue choice in particular cases. Many terms of shipbuilding and seafaring are part of the phraseological units, which creates additional difficulties in translating the latter. The main research presents the ways of rendering of German terms in the field of shipbuilding and seafaring in the Ukrainian language within the lexical and semantic approaches of translation, represented by the techniques of transcription, loan translation and descriptive translation. Loan translation and transcription (in particular, practical transcription) were identified as the main translation techniques. As the result of researched vocabulary analysis, it was revealed that the main difficulties during translation are caused by etymology of lexems and collocations. For adequate translation of special vocabulary of shipbuilding and seafaring, it is necessary to use the relevant subject knowledge and thoroughly explore the semantics of paticular terminological units.

scholarly journals The Changing Face of the Arabic Bible: Translation Techniques in Early Renditions of Ezekiel

Open Theology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam L. Hjälm
Keyword(s):  
Target Language ◽  
Biblical Narrative ◽  
Bible Translation ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Structural Affinity

AbstractThis article presents a study of Ezekiel 1 in five unpublished Christian Arabic manuscripts dated from the ninth to the fourteenth centuries. We will demonstrate that the manuscripts, in principal, represent two different versions. Both versions are based on the Syriac Peshiṭṭa but various degrees of influence from the Septuagint are evident. Our main aim is to examine the approach to translation exhibited in the manuscripts. In general, the earliest witness represents a literal translation which pays attention to structural affinity but allows for minor deviations, mainly omissions for the sake of the target language. In the younger manuscripts, an increasing number of additions are introduced as a means of commenting, clarifying and ornamenting the biblical narrative. It appears that texts in the traditional liturgical languages were still in use, which explains their non-literal and target-oriented character.

Issues in translating English and Arabic plurals

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 7-27
Author(s):  
Reima AL-JARF
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Plural Form ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Common Strategy ◽  
Image Processors

This study explores undergraduate students’ difficulties in translating English and Arabic plurals. The results of an English and Arabic plural translation test exhibited cases where Arabic plurals matching those in English were translated correctly. However, the students had difficulty translating the following: (i) Arabic plurals with a singular English equivalent, e.g., مجوهرات /mujawharaat/ jewellery; (ii) Arabic duals with two different singular stems, e.g., الرافدان the Tigris and Euphrates; (iii) multiple Arabic plurals, i.e. plurals of paucity and multiplicity, e.g., دجاج /dajaaj/ chicken, دجاجات /dajaajaat/ a number of hens; (iv) stems with two plurals and different usages, e.g., economics اقتصاديات /iqtiṣadiyyaat/, economies اقتصادات /iqtiṣadaat/; (v) compound plurals, e.g., image processors معالجات الصور /muʕaalijaat aṣṣuwar/; (vi) English nouns ending in -ies that have the same singular and plural form, e.g., series, species; (vii) singular and plural forms of the same base when the base could assume two parts of speech, e.g., rich and riches; wood and woods; (viii) foreign/Latin singular and plural forms, e.g. ,indices, larvae, tempi, oases; and (ix) names of tools and articles of dress consisting of two parts ending in -s, e.g., scissors مقص /miqaṣ/, مقصات /miqaṣaat/, scales ميزان /mīzaan/ and موازين /mawazīn/ and more. Error data analysis showed that the subjects made more errors in translating Arabic plurals into English than in translating English plurals into Arabic, made more interlanguage than interlanguage errors, had more morphological than semantic difficulties on the Arabic-English plural translation test, and had more semantic difficulties on the English-Arabic plural translation test. They tended to translate imitatively rather than discriminately, and literal translation was the most common strategy. When they could not access the meaning of a noun on the test, they provided an equivalent that was phonologically close, or offered a paraphrase, an explanation, or an extraneous equivalent. In translating English and Arabic plurals, transfers were bidirectional, i.e., students transferred a noun’s morphological features from the source to the target language, regardless of whether the source language was Arabic (L1) or English (L2). Recommendations for plural translation instruction are provided.

scholarly journals Translation techniques used by English Department students of Universitas Negeri Padang in translating a narrative text

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ika Wellya Rahesa Rm ◽  
Rusdi Noor Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Narrative Text ◽  
Target Language ◽  
English Department ◽  
The Third ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Snow White ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

Translation is an activity that plays a very important role in acquiring information that comes from a foreign language. In translating a text, every translator will certainly encounter several problems such as vocabulary, grammar, and culture in the target language (TL). One of the ways to solve such problem is using translation techniques, and different problems need different techniques. this study is aimed at: finding out the techniques used by the third year English Department students in translating a narrative text from English into bahasa Indonesia. Based on the results of data analysis, it was found that the translation of narrative text entitled “Snow White” from English into bahasa Indonesia done by the third year students of English Department of Universitas Negeri Padang uses nine translation techniques. They are literal translation, established equivalent, discursive creation, amplification, generalization, adaptation, borrowing, modulation, and linguistic compression.

scholarly journals THE USE OF TRANSLATION IDEOLOGY AND TECHNIQUES IN INDONESIAN VERSION OF AGATHA CHRISTIE’S ENDLESS NIGHT NOVEL

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-250
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zaki Pahrul Hadi ◽  
Erwin Suhendra ◽  
Titik Ceriyani Miswaty
Keyword(s):  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Product ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

  Abstract Translation is a process of transfering source text into the target text viewed from the equivalent of meaning, with equvalencies, the message in the translation text will be the same as the target text. Hence, translating is not just the process of tranfering text from the source language into the target language. However, instead of ideas, translation enters compilation, he processes a translation product. The use of appropriate translation techniques also affects the quality of the translation results. This study aims to describe the ideology of translation in Indonesian Version of Agatha Christie’s Endless Night Novel. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data of this study are qualitative based on types of words, phrases and sentences containing translation techniques and ideology taken from the translated novel of Indonesian Version of Agatha Christie’s Endless Night Novel. Based on the analysis of translation techniques and the ideology of translation used in the text, the ideology used in the translation text is foreignization. Based on the analysis, the results of the study show that of the 18 translation techniques, 12 translation techniques were found consisting of; Literal translation (53%), Amplification (11%), Variation (8%), Particularization (6%), Borrowing (6%), Transposition (5%), Reduction (4%), Calque (2%), Compensation (2%). Meanwhile Description, Linguistic Compression, and Established Equivalent occur only in (1%). The result of the study shows that the most dominant technique used in Indonesian version of Agatha Christie’s endless night novel is Literal translation with 82 occurrences frequency or 53%.    

scholarly journals Comparison of Translation Techniques by Google Translate and U-Dictionary: How Differently Does Both Machine Translation Tools Perform in Translating?

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-245
Author(s):  
Kammer Tuahman Sipayung ◽  
Novdin Manoktong Sianturi ◽  
I Made Dwipa Arta ◽  
Yeti Rohayati ◽  
Diani Indah
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Expository Text ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Translation Tools ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Total Data ◽  
Translation Machine

Better translation produced by computation linguistics should be evaluated through linguistics theory. This research aims to describe translation techniques between Google Translate and U-Dictionary. The study used a qualitative research method with a descriptive design. This design was used to describe the occurrences of translation techniques in both translation machine, with the researchers serving as an instrument to compare translation techniques which is produced on machine. The data are from expository text entitled “Importance of Good Manners in Every Day Life”. The total data are 122 words/phrases which are pairs of translations, English as source language and Indonesia as target language. The result shows that Google Translate apply five of Molina & Albir’s (2002) eighteen translation techniques, while U-dictionary apply seven techniques. Google Translate dominantly apply literal translation techniques (86,8%) followed by reduction translation techniques (4,9%). U-dictionary also dominantly apply literal translation techniques (75,4%), but follows with the variation translation techniques (13,1%). This study showed that both machines produced different target texts for the same source language due to different applications of techniques, with U-dictionary proven to apply more variety of translation techniques than Google Translate. The researcher hopes this study can be used as an evaluation for improving the performance of machine translations.

scholarly journals Teknik dan Metode Penerjemahan Kalimat Imperatif dalam Novel Girls in The Dark oleh Andry Setiawan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Nadya Rizkiana Madjid ◽  
Ni Made Andry Anita Dewi ◽  
Ngurah Indra Pradhana
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Method ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Free Translation ◽  
Translation Methods ◽  
Two Stages

This study discusses the translation of imperative sentences contained in a literary work in the form of a novel. In general, the use of imperative sentences is characterized by the meaning of orders and prohibitions. However, there are differences between the imperative sentences of one language and another. Methods of data analysis are using translational equivalent method and glossing technique. The data were analyzed in two stages. First, categorizing the translation techniques used based on the theory of translation techniques according to Molina and Albir (20002), and second, determining the translation method using the theory of the translation method according to Newmark (1988). Based on the analysis, there were eight types of translation techniques found, namely 1) adaptation techniques; 2) amplification techniques; 3) established equivalent techniques; 4) generalization techniques; 5) linguistic compression techniques; 6) literal translation techniques; 7) modulation techniques; and 8) reduction techniques. Furthermore, translation method classified based on the orientation of the source language and target language is found. The translation method which is oriented to the source language consists of two translation methods, namely the semantic translation method and the literal translation method. Meanwhile, the translation method which is oriented towards the target language consists of three translation methods, namely the free translation method, the idiomatic translation method, and the communicative translation method. The results of this study indicate the translation method that is most widely used in this research is free translation method so that the translation of the imperative sentences applied in translating the novel Girls in the Dark by Andry Setiawan tends to be oriented towards the target language.

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