Effects of Copper Sulfate and Zinc Sulfate on Cell Adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus and Aeromonas hydrophila Stemming from Different Cell Growth Phases in Aquatic Microcosm

After cell adhesion processes in microcosm, the impact of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the detachment of Enterococcus faecalis from polythene fragments immersed in water under stationary and dynamic conditions was assessed. The abundance of planktonic cells was also evaluated. The density of E. faecalis adhered in absence of disinfectant fluctuated between 2 and 4 units (Log CFU/cm2). After living in disinfected water, the density of E. faecalis remained adhered to polythene sometimes reached 2 units (Log CFU/Cm2). This highest abundance of cells remained adhered was recorded with cells coming from the lag, exponential and stationary growth phases in water treated with 0.5‰ NaOCl. In H2O2 disinfected water, the highest value was recorded at all cells growth phases with 5‰ H2O2 concentration. Adhered E. faecalis cells have been sometimes completely or partially decimated respectively by NaOCl and H2O2 treated water. Considering separately each experimental condition, it was noted that increasing the concentration of disinfectant caused a significant decrease (P≤0.01) in abundance of cells stay adhered after living in water disinfected by the two disinfectants. Changes in disinfectant concentrations in different experimental conditions had an impact on the detachment of E. faecalis cells from the substrates.

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Penggunaan Limbah Logam Tembaga yang Didaur Ulang untuk Antibakteri dan Degradasi Metil Merah Secara Fotolisis

Jurnal Katalisator ◽

10.22216/jk.v4i1.3663 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Ariyetti Ariyetti ◽

Muhammad Nasir ◽

Safni Safni ◽

Syukri Darajat

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Silver Nitrate ◽

Copper Sulfate ◽

Bacterial Growth ◽

Methyl Red ◽

Copper Metal ◽

Sulfate Hydrate ◽

Red Dye ◽

And Staphylococcus Aureus

Metil merah merupakan salah satu zat warna golongan azo yang sering digunakan dalam industri dan laboratorium. Penggunaan metil merah dapat menimbulkan efek terhadap kesehatan dan lingkungan. Oleh sebab itu dilakukan metode fotodegradasi dengan menggunakan semikonduktor dan radiasi sinar tampak. Semikonduktor yang digunakan yaitu berbahan dasar tembaga sulfat hidrat dan perak nitrat. Prekusor tembaga sulfat hidrat dibuat dari pengolahan limbah logam tembaga hasil pemotongan tembaga yang ada di bengkel Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI) Bandung. Bahan semikonduktor juga memiliki kemampuan dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri. Hasil optimum yang didapatkan dalam proses fotodegradasi dan antibakteri merupakan gabungan antara kedua prekusor tembaga sulfat hidrat dan perak nitrat dengan bantuan penyinaran. Kemampuan dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri didapatkan persentase kematian 100 % untuk masing-masing bakteri, yaitu Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Aktifitas fotokatalitiknya dengan konsentrasi semikonduktor 10 ppm untuk mendegradasi zat warna metil merah 5 ppm, selama 23 jam, dimana persentase degradasi yang didapatkan dengan penyinaran lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan tanpa penyinaran. Pengaruh pH larutan terhadap degradasi metil merah yaitu optimum pada pH 12 (basa). Methyl red is one of the azo group dyes that is often used in industry and laboratories. The use of methyl red can have an effect on health and the environment. Therefore photodegradation method is done by using semiconductor and visible light radiation. The semiconductor used is based on copper sulfate hydrate and silver nitrate. The copper sulphate hydrate precursor is made from the processing of copper-cut copper metal waste in the workshop of the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) in Bandung. Semiconductor materials also have the ability to inhibit bacterial growth. The optimum results obtained in the photodegradation and antibacterial process are a combination of both copper sulfate hydrate precursor and silver nitrate with the help of irradiation. The ability to inhibit bacterial growth obtained 100% mortality for each bacterium, namely Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Photocatalytic activity with 10 ppm semiconductor concentration to degrade methyl red dye 5 ppm, for 23 hours, where the percentage of degradation obtained by irradiation is higher than without irradiation. The effect of pH of the solution on the degradation of methyl red is optimum at pH 12 (base).

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Formulation and Evaluation of Antibacterial Creams and Gels Containing Metal Ions for Topical Application

Journal of Pharmaceutics ◽

10.1155/2016/5754349 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Mei X. Chen ◽

Kenneth S. Alexander ◽

Gabriella Baki

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Copper Sulfate ◽

Zinc Sulfate ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Synergistic Activity ◽

Minimum Effective Concentration ◽

Organoleptic Characteristics

Background. Skin infections occur commonly and often present therapeutic challenges to practitioners due to the growing concerns regarding multidrug-resistant bacterial, viral, and fungal strains. The antimicrobial properties of zinc sulfate and copper sulfate are well known and have been investigated for many years. However, the synergistic activity between these two metal ions as antimicrobial ingredients has not been evaluated in topical formulations. Objective. The aims of the present study were to (1) formulate topical creams and gels containing zinc and copper alone or in combination and (2) evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of these metal ions in the formulations. Method. Formulation of the gels and creams was followed by evaluating their organoleptic characteristics, physicochemical properties, and in vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Results. Zinc sulfate and copper sulfate had a strong synergistic antibacterial activity in the creams and gels. The minimum effective concentration was found to be 3 w/w% for both active ingredients against the two tested microorganisms. Conclusions. This study evaluated and confirmed the synergistic in vitro antibacterial effect of copper sulfate and zinc sulfate in a cream and two gels.

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Staphylococcus aureus MazF Specifically Cleaves a Pentad Sequence, UACAU, Which Is Unusually Abundant in the mRNA for Pathogenic Adhesive Factor SraP

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.01815-08 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 191 (10) ◽

pp. 3248-3255 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Ling Zhu ◽

Koichi Inoue ◽

Satoshi Yoshizumi ◽

Hiroshi Kobayashi ◽

Yonglong Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Cell Growth ◽

Bioinformatics Analysis ◽

Human Tissues ◽

Regulatory Relationship ◽

E Coli ◽

Pathogenic Factors ◽

Inhibit Cell Growth ◽

Adhesive Factor

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli mRNA interferases, such as MazF and ChpBK, are sequence-specific endoribonucleases encoded by toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems present in its genome. A MazF homologue in Staphylococcus aureus (MazFSa) has been shown to inhibit cell growth when induced in E. coli. Here, we determined the cleavage site for MazFSa with the use of phage MS2 RNA as a substrate and CspA, an RNA chaperone, which prevents the formation of secondary structures in the RNA substrate. MazFSa specifically cleaves the RNA at a pentad sequence, U↓ACAU. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that this pentad sequence is significantly abundant in several genes, including the sraP gene in the S. aureus N315 strain. This gene encodes a serine-rich protein, which is known to play an important role in adhesion of the pathogen to human tissues and thus in endovascular infection. We demonstrated that the sraP mRNA became extremely unstable in comparison with the ompA mRNA only when MazFSa was induced in E. coli. Further bioinformatics analysis indicated that the pentad sequence is also significantly abundant in the mRNAs for all the pathogenic factors in S. aureus. This observation suggests a possible regulatory relationship between the MazEFSa TA module and the pathogenicity in S. aureus.

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Preparation of Sterile, Pyrogen-free, Bacteriostatic Solutions of Zinc Sulfate and Copper Sulfate

American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy ◽

10.1093/ajhp/36.9.1156a ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 36 (9) ◽

pp. 1156-1156

Author(s):

Robert Barger

Keyword(s):

Copper Sulfate ◽

Zinc Sulfate

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Silver Antibacterial Synergism Activities with Eight Other Metal(loid)-Based Antimicrobials against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics9120853 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 853

Author(s):

Ali Pormohammad ◽

Raymond J. Turner

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Silver Nitrate ◽

Zinc Sulfate ◽

Nickel Sulfate ◽

Luria Broth ◽

Potassium Tellurite ◽

Wound Fluid ◽

E Coli

The present study surveys potential antibacterial synergism effects of silver nitrate with eight other metal or metalloid-based antimicrobials (MBAs), including silver nitrate, copper (II) sulfate, gallium (III) nitrate, nickel sulfate, hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (III) trihydrate (gold), aluminum sulfate, sodium selenite, potassium tellurite, and zinc sulfate. Bacteriostatic and bactericidal susceptibility testing explored antibacterial synergism potency of 5760 combinations of MBAs against three bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus) in three different media. Silver nitrate in combination with potassium tellurite, zinc sulfate, and tetrachloroaurate trihydrate had remarkable bactericidal and bacteriostatic synergism effects. Synergism properties of MBAs decreased effective antibacterial concentrations remarkably and bacterial cell count decreased by 8.72 log10 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL in E. coli, 9.8 log10 CFU/mL in S. aureus, and 12.3 log10 CFU/mL in P. aeruginosa, compared to each MBA alone. Furthermore, most of the MBA combinations inhibited the recovery of bacteria; for instance, the combination of silver nitrate–tetrachloroaurate against P. aeruginosa inhibited the recovery of bacteria, while three-fold higher concentration of silver nitrate and two-fold higher concentration of tetrachloroaurate were required for inhibition of recovery when used individually. Overall, higher synergism was typically obtained in simulated wound fluid (SWF) rather than laboratory media. Unexpectedly, the combination of A silver nitrate–potassium tellurite had antagonistic bacteriostatic effects in Luria broth (LB) media for all three strains, while the combination of silver nitrate–potassium tellurite had the highest bacteriostatic and bactericidal synergism in SWF. Here, we identify the most effective antibacterial MBAs formulated against each of the Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogen indicator strains.

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Rapid Depletion of Free Vancomycin in Medium in the Presence of β-Lactam Antibiotics and Growth Restoration in Staphylococcus aureus Strains with β-Lactam-Induced Vancomycin Resistance

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00762-08 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 63-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Chie Yanagisawa ◽

Hideaki Hanaki ◽

Hidehito Matsui ◽

Shinsuke Ikeda ◽

Taiji Nakae ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Cell Growth ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Pcr Amplification ◽

Vancomycin Resistance ◽

Gene Encoding ◽

Vancomycin Concentration ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Lactam Antibiotic ◽

Absorption Level

ABSTRACT A class of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains shows vancomycin resistance in the presence of β-lactam antibiotics (β-lactam-induced VAN-resistant methicillin-resistant S. aureus [BIVR]). Two possible explanations may be offered: (i) vancomycin in culture medium is depleted, and (ii) the d-Ala-d-Ala terminal of the peptidoglycan network is replaced with d-Ala-d-lactate. We tested these hypotheses by quantifying free vancomycin in the medium through the course of cell growth and by PCR amplification of the van genes. Growth of the BIVR cells to an absorption level of ∼0.3 at 578 nm required about 24 h in the presence of vancomycin alone at the MIC (4.0 μg/ml). However, growth was achieved in only about 10 h when 1/1,000 to 1/2,000 the MIC of β-lactam antibiotic was added 2 h prior to the addition of vancomycin, suggesting that the β-lactams shortened the time to recovery from vancomycin-mediated growth inhibition. Free vancomycin in the culture medium decreased to 2.3 μg/ml in the first 8 h in the culture containing vancomycin alone, yet cell growth was undetectable. When the vancomycin concentration dropped below ∼1.5 μg/ml at 24 h, the cells began to grow. In the culture supplemented with the β-lactam 2 h prior to the addition of vancomycin, the drug concentration continuously dropped from 4 to 0.5 μg/ml in the first 8 h, and the cells began to grow at a vancomycin concentration of ∼1.7 μg/ml or at 4 h of incubation. The gene encoding the enzyme involved in d-Ala-d-lactate synthesis was undetectable. Based on these results, we concluded that BIVR is attributable mainly to a rapid depletion of vancomycin in the medium triggered or promoted by β-lactam antibiotics.

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Mice Devoid of Fer Protein-Tyrosine Kinase Activity Are Viable and Fertile but Display Reduced Cortactin Phosphorylation

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.21.2.603-613.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 603-613 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Andrew W. B. Craig ◽

Ralph Zirngibl ◽

Karen Williams ◽

Lesley-Ann Cole ◽

Peter A. Greer

Keyword(s):

Cell Adhesion ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Cell Growth ◽

Tyrosine Kinase ◽

Protein Tyrosine Kinase ◽

Kinase Activity ◽

Focal Adhesions ◽

Embryonic Fibroblasts ◽

Protein Tyrosine ◽

Phenotypic Differences

ABSTRACT The ubiquitous Fer protein-tyrosine kinase has been proposed to regulate diverse processes such as cell growth, cell adhesion, and neurite outgrowth. To gain insight into the biological function of Fer, we have targeted the fer locus with a kinase-inactivating missense mutation (ferD743R ). Mice homozygous for this mutation develop normally, have no overt phenotypic differences from wild-type mice, and are fertile. Since these mice lack both Fer and the testis-specific FerT kinase activities, these proteins are clearly not essential for development and survival. No differences were observed in overall cellularity of bone marrow, spleen, or thymus in the absence of Fer activity. While most platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced tyrosine phosphorylation was unchanged inferD743R homozygous embryonic fibroblasts, cortactin phosphorylation was reduced. However, Fer kinase activity was not required for PDGF-induced Stat3, p120ctn, or epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced β-catenin phosphorylation. Also, no defects were observed in changes to the actin cytoskeleton, adherens junctions, or focal adhesions in PDGF- or EGF-stimulatedferD743R homozygous embryonic fibroblasts. Therefore, Fer likely serves a redundant role in regulating cell growth, cell adhesion, retinal development, and spermatogenesis but is required for efficient phosphorylation of cortactin.

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Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts of the Lichen Xanthoparmelia pokornyi and its Gyrophoric and Stenosporic Acid Constituents

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2006-5-603 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 61 (5-6) ◽

pp. 319-323 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Mehmet Candan ◽

Meral Yılmaz ◽

Turgay Tay ◽

Merih Kıvança ◽

Hayrettin Türk

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽

Candida Glabrata ◽

Proteus Vulgaris ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Gyrophoric Acid

The antimicrobial activity of the diethyl ether, acetone, chloroform, petroleum ether, and ethanol extracts of the lichen Xanthoparmelia pokornyi and its gyrophoric acid and stenosporic acid constituents has been screened against some foodborne bacteria and fungi. Both the extracts and the acids showed antimicrobial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Yersinia enterocolitica, Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. The extracts were inactive against the tested filamentous fungi. The MIC values of the extracts and the acids for the bacteria have also been determined.

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T-Cell Profiling Shows Marked Differences in Gene Expression Between Tumour Infiltrating (TIL) and Peripheral Blood (PB) Antibody-Bead Selected T-Cells From Fresh Lymph Node and PB Samples in Follicular Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (FL): Possible implications for Immunomodulatory Therapy

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v120.21.683.683 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 120 (21) ◽

pp. 683-683

Author(s):

Saad M B Rassam ◽

Farooq Malik ◽

John Schofield ◽

Haytham Ali ◽

Ghulam J. Mufti

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

T Cells ◽

Cell Adhesion ◽

Lymph Node ◽

T Cell ◽

Cell Growth ◽

B Cell ◽

Cell Cytotoxicity ◽

And Migration ◽

Pooled Samples

Abstract Abstract 683 Introduction: FL is one of the commonest B-cell lymphomas accounting for 25–30% of all newcases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Median survival ranges from 6–10 years with a constant annual rate of relapse and death. The cellular immune system through T-cells and macrophages/monocytes (MMs) has an important role in the response to therapy and long term remissions. Evidence for this stemmed from increased incidence and the poor response rates and survival in patients with inherited or acquired T-cell defects, and the graft-versus-leukaemia effect of allogeneic stem cell transplants. The number of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and MMs appear to predict clinical response and outcome in FL. A recent National Cancer Institute study looked at the prediction of survival in FL based on the molecular features of TILs with positive findings. However, this study used frozen material which could have changed the signatures, T-cells were not positively selected and would have been mixed with other non B-cells, negatively selected cells were stimulated with CD3 which could have changed the gene expression profile, the study looked only at the predictive value in relation to prognosis and did not look at PB T-cell (PBT)profile. Aims and methods: In the first stage reported here, we looked at positively selected TILs, PBT and MMs gene expression profile signatures in fresh lymph node samples (LNs) of histologically confirmed grades 1–3 FL in 14 patients and compared the profile results with similar cells positively selected from PB samples taken at the same time. The analysis was controlled with 4 histologically proven reactive hyperplasia LNs. Tissue samples were digested with a cocktail of enzymes, ficol separated and then positively selected for CD2, CD19, CD14 in that order using Dynabeads (Dynall) initially then Microbeads (Miltenyl Biotech) subsequently. CD2 was used to avoid T-cell receptor stimulation and change of expression with CD3. Some isolated T-cells were initially expanded in culture for purity assessment only by flow cytometry. T-cells and MMs were liquid nitrogen frozen in trisol whilst B-cells were stored in DMSO. RNA was extracted at the same time and analysed using Affymetrix Microarray Chips. Statistical analysis used 3 parameters to define significant change in expression: fold change of >1.5, p value of > 1×10−3and FDR of >0.5. Samples were analysed as paired and pooled as some cases did not yield adequate paired samples. Results: T-cell paired (10) samples showed 97 over (41) or under (56) expressed genes in TILs compared to PBT whilst pooled samples (14) showed 778 over (380) or under (398) expressed genes. The top over expressed genes (10 fold plus) using both methods of analysis were CXCL13 a B-cell chemotactic gene, IGJ which helps in assembling IgG and IgM, CTLA4 a regulatory molecule, CD200 which delivers an inhibitory signal for the macrophage lineage and several heat shock protein (HSP) genes. The top under-expressed genes (10 fold plus) include genes that regulate T-cell adhesion, migration and direct and indirect cytotoxicity such as a number of FC receptor genes needed for antibody dependant cell cytotoxicity, killer cell lectin-like receptor genes, fractalkine genes involved in the adhesion and migration of leukocytes, and granzyme, granulosin, lysosyme and other genes involved in T-cell cytotoxocity. MMs: Only pooled samples were analysed as the extracted cell numbers were too small to have paired analysis. Many more (3239) genes were over (1494) or under (1745) expressed in LN MMs compared to PB MMs. The top over expressed genes include genes that support B cell growth such as IGJ, BLNK and C4orf7, the B cell chemotactic gene CXCL13, signal transduction inhibitors and HSPs. The top underexpressed genes include those that regulate cell adhesion and survival, cell proliferation and migration and extracellular matrix assembly. Others include FC receptor, IL-1 and compliment genes necessary for cell cytotoxicity, and thrombomodulin genes. Conclusion: We believe this is novel data suggesting that TILs and tissue MMs appear to support B-cell growth in FL whilst inheriting several defects in direct and indirect cell cytotoxicity. Downregulating the significantly overexpressed and upregulating the under expressed genes through targeted therapy may provide the basis of non-chemotherapy immunomodulatory treatment of B-cell lymphomas. Disclosures: Rassam: BMS: Honoraria; Johnson and Johnson: Unrestricted research grant Other; ROCHE: Honoraria. Mufti:Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding.

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