Understanding the phenomenon of suicide

2021 ◽  
pp. 1
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Dissociation Process ◽  
Healthy Adolescent ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
New Information ◽  
Suicidal Person ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Individual

Background and objective: Suicidality and suicidal behavior have long been studied extensively, as they are considered the main cause of premature death throughout the world. Death by suicide seems to have always been part of human behavior. The earliest known report of a suicide was written 4000 years ago on papyrus. Still, despite the rich literature on the topic, prevention or prediction of suicide are still hard and sometimes impossible. To date, there is still no theoretical model that encompasses all possibilities of the phenomenon. Material and methods: This study aim was to present studies of Professor Israel Orbach who was one of the pioneers in the research of suicide and a leading theoretician in the field of suicide. Results: Studies point to numerous variables involved in suicidal behavior and in the suicidal act that the interaction between those variables promotes a destructive process that leads the individual to act in a self-harming manner. The research of mental pain and the inability to moderate it are the main contributions to the field of suicide, alongside with dissociation process which by its presence, increases the probability of suicidal behavior. Conclusion: Numerous theories and models attempt to describe the process leading to the act of suicide, but the unknown is still larger. The fact that in most cultures suicide and suicidal behavior are still considered taboo, something to hide and be ashamed of, is a tragedy for the suicidal individual as well as his or her family, and other close people, as it impedes identification, treatment and prevention. It may be even more of a tragedy and harder to comprehend and accept, when the suicidal person is an otherwise healthy adolescent who has his whole life ahead of him or her. Therefore, any bit of new information and knowledge added to the field of suicidality is another layer in the understanding of the process, mechanism and dynamics of this subject and contributes to the improvement of prevention, treatment, and to assistance to those in distress and maybe help in stopping suicide from becoming a pandemic.

THE ROLE OF PHAGE THERAPY IN THE FORMATION OF THE INTESTINAL MICROECOSYSTEM

2020 ◽  
pp. 183-191
Author(s):  
Gladkov S.F. ◽  
Perevoshchikova N.K. ◽  
Chernykh N.S. ◽  
Pichugina Yu.S. ◽  
Surkova M.A.
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Selective Decontamination ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
The Individual

The current adverse situation associated with the presence of a pandemic of allergic diseases is due to the lack of a scientifically based concept of treatment and prevention. The increased interest of researchers from different countries in the formation of immunological tolerance by modeling the intestinal microbiota is of high importance. Methods of influence on the microbial communities of the child's intestine should be as delicate as possible, taking into account the individual genetic characteristics of the microecosystem and the possibility of anaphylaxis. Until now, probiotic drugs have been widely used to correct dysbiosis, but data is gradually accumulating that there is no convincing evidence base for their use for the treatment and prevention of atopy. The use of bacteriophages is very relevant and one of the promising, actively studied areas of correction of intestinal biocenosis today, which are an alternative to antibiotic and probiotic medications. Selective decontamination of representatives of opportunistic flora, as the main factor in the implementation of the atopic phenotype, makes it possible to preserve and accelerate the formation of a unique and individual composition of the intestinal microbiota of the child, which can form an immunoregulatory balance. More than a century of experience in the use of bacteriophages indicates the safety of their use. Today, bacteriophages are actively used in various fields of practical medicine − obstetrics-gynecology, perinatology, urology, pediatric otorhinolaryngology, in the treatment of purulent-septic and intestinal infections. In some cases, bacteriophages are very effective against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. The active personalized use of bacteriophages in real clinical practice will make it possible to solve a number of serious, long-standing health problems in the Russian Federation and to win a world priority in this direction.

Foundations and Introduction of Islamic Economics: Role and Trends

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-138
Author(s):  
Dr. Bilal Ahmad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Islamic Philosophy ◽  
Moral Training ◽  
Human Ability ◽  
The Status ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Specific Concept ◽  
The Individual

Islamic economics based on specific concept of universe and the creation of man is contradictory to the concept adopted and accepted by modern science. Islamic economics postulates although ability and expertise is required for progress and growth but distribution of resources completely dependent on it would be cruel, inhuman and bereft of kindness, and lead to oppression. Islamic economics does not favor making human ability and expertise the fulcrum of resource distribution. It should be kind, considerate and based on justice and fairness. This is because according to Islamic philosophy, ownership is considered to be a trust from Allah which has been bestowed on the rich so that they may utilize it correctly. In Islamic economics the role of the individual, has inclinations and his aims and objectives occupy a central position and are vitally important. He is definitely a rational being but his level of rationality is not confined to the calculations of cost and profit. An individual does not want merely to obtain monetary profit and physical pleasure and leisure but he also wants and aims for something beyond what the material world has to offer. The main aim of the study is to find out the relationship between Islam and economics. In Islamic economics the comprehensive moral training of the individual, his technical and educational ability, his aims and his priorities are of primary importance. According to Islamic economics the means of acquiring wealth has the same importance as wealth itself. Dishonesty, abuse of trust and earning of wealth through fraudulent ways and means may perhaps increase the status of an individual but the society suffers because of it on the whole. This leads to an unjust and oppressive economic system.

scholarly journals Testing the Role of Emotion Dysregulation as a Predictor of Juvenile Recidivism

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-95
Author(s):  
Kalin Z. Salinas ◽  
Amanda Venta
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Factor ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Individual

The current study proposed to determine whether adolescent emotion regulation is predictive of the amount and type of crime committed by adolescent juvenile offenders. Despite evidence in the literature linking emotion regulation to behaviour problems and aggression across the lifespan, there is no prior longitudinal research examining the predictive role of emotion regulation on adolescent recidivism, nor data regarding how emotion regulation relates to the occurrence of specific types of crimes. Our primary hypothesis was that poor emotion regulation would positively and significantly predict re-offending among adolescents. We tested our hypothesis within a binary logistic framework utilizing the Pathways to Desistance longitudinal data. Exploratory bivariate analyses were conducted regarding emotion regulation and type of crime in the service of future hypothesis generation. Though the findings did not indicate a statistically significant relation between emotion regulation and reoffending, exploratory findings suggest that some types of crime may be more linked to emotion regulation than others. In sum, the present study aimed to examine a hypothesized relation between emotion regulation and juvenile delinquency by identifying how the individual factor of dysregulated emotion regulation may have played a role. This study’s findings did not provide evidence that emotion regulation was a significant predictor of recidivism over time but did suggest that emotion regulation is related to participation in certain types of crime one year later. Directions for future research that build upon the current study were described. Indeed, identifying emotion regulation as a predictor of adolescent crime has the potential to enhance current crime prevention efforts and clinical treatments for juvenile offenders; this is based on the large amount of treatment literature, which documents that emotion regulation is malleable through treatment and prevention programming.

A Turkish-German Critic of the ‘Parallel Society’: Necla Kelek

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-439
Author(s):  
Justin Stagl
Keyword(s):  
Personal Freedom ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Migrant Community ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Turkish German

A Turkish girl in Germany emancipated herself from her family in a long, bitter, almost deadly struggle. She fought for her education and gained it. Indignation at the disregard of personal freedom in her migrant community turned her into a writer and her success was amazing. However, it earned her the suspicion of all those who prefer the integrity of the group to the dignity of the individual. Told in this reduced manner, the story of Necla Kelek resembles one of Scheherazade’s tales. I will therefore try to tell it again in a more specific way.

scholarly journals Information Guided Exploration of Scalar Values and Isocontours in Ensemble Datasets

Entropy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhashis Hazarika ◽  
Ayan Biswas ◽  
Soumya Dutta ◽  
Han-Wei Shen
Keyword(s):  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Conditional Entropy ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Information Measures ◽  
New Information ◽  
Real World Datasets ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Information Theoretic Approach

Uncertainty of scalar values in an ensemble dataset is often represented by the collection of their corresponding isocontours. Various techniques such as contour-boxplot, contour variability plot, glyphs and probabilistic marching-cubes have been proposed to analyze and visualize ensemble isocontours. All these techniques assume that a scalar value of interest is already known to the user. Not much work has been done in guiding users to select the scalar values for such uncertainty analysis. Moreover, analyzing and visualizing a large collection of ensemble isocontours for a selected scalar value has its own challenges. Interpreting the visualizations of such large collections of isocontours is also a difficult task. In this work, we propose a new information-theoretic approach towards addressing these issues. Using specific information measures that estimate the predictability and surprise of specific scalar values, we evaluate the overall uncertainty associated with all the scalar values in an ensemble system. This helps the scientist to understand the effects of uncertainty on different data features. To understand in finer details the contribution of individual members towards the uncertainty of the ensemble isocontours of a selected scalar value, we propose a conditional entropy based algorithm to quantify the individual contributions. This can help simplify analysis and visualization for systems with more members by identifying the members contributing the most towards overall uncertainty. We demonstrate the efficacy of our method by applying it on real-world datasets from material sciences, weather forecasting and ocean simulation experiments.

scholarly journals Coronavirus disease-19 Pandemic-Induced Panic Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (T3) ◽  
pp. 237-239
Author(s):  
Muhammad Surya Husada ◽  
Mustafa M. Amin ◽  
Munawir Saragih
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Panic Attack ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Psychosocial Burden ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
The Individual

Background: COVID-19 is a newly emerging infectious disease which is found to be caused by SARS-2. COVID-19 pandemic has spread worldwide causing a rapidly increasing number of mental disorders cases, primarily anxiety disorder. Since majority of panic disorder patients are present with great anxiety in response to their physical or respiratory symptoms, support and encouragement from psychiatrist or therapist are fundamental to alleviate the severity of the symptoms. Case Report: We reported a case of COVID-19 induced panic disorder in a woman, 52 years old, batak tribe who started to experience multiple panic attacks since one of her family members was confirmed to be Covid-10 positive. Conclusion: In general, panic disorder is a common diagnosis, but this case appeared to be interesting as it is induced by COVID-19 pandemic. As in this case, the individual who experienced multiple panic attack is not even a COVID-19 patient but has one of her family member affected by the virus. A wide body of evidence has shown that this pandemic massively contributes to worsening of psychosocial burden in nationwide.

scholarly journals Biochemical study of hepatoprotective collection of plant origin

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 134-141
Author(s):  
Anatoly A. Lapin ◽  
◽  
Irek G. Garifullin ◽  
Valery N. Zelenkov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Total Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Metabolic Regulators

The article presents the results of biochemical studies of the total antioxidant activity of the hepatoprotective collection of plant origin and its individual components, which show that it consists of birch leaves (Betulae folia), tansy flowers (Tanaceti flores), phytohepatol No. 2 (choleretic collection No. 2) and individual its components have pronounced antioxidant activity. More antioxidant activity founded in tansy and true hepatoprotective collection. Comparative tests of the flowers of meadowsweet, with the highest antioxidant activity, showed the promise of their use in the collections of medicinal plants as effective natural metabolic regulators. The total antioxidant activity of the water extract collection at 13.56% rel. exceeded the calculated value obtained by summing the activities of the individual components of the collection, which indicates the presence of synergism in their action, which may be of value for use in the treatment and prevention of liver diseases. When all components of the drug collection are finished, the indicator increases by 11-24 % rel., which indicates the thermal stability of the antioxidant substances that make up their composition. In the oxidation of aqueous extracts of the components of hepatoprotective collection with hydrogen peroxide, the most stable were antioxidants of birch leaves. It was found that collection only at a ratio of 7.7 g per liter of water shows synergism (15 % rel.), and the rest of all the samples we tested are antagonistic. The detected increase in the antioxidant activity of the new collection compared with the effects of its individual components allows us to consider it as a promising dosage form for use in the treatment and prevention of liver diseases.

scholarly journals Commercial Appropriation of a Person's Image: Wells V Atoll Media (Pty) Ltd (Unreported 11961/2006) 2009 ZAWCHC 173 (9 November 2009)

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Steve Cornelius
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Commercial Exploitation ◽  
Business People ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

Our modern society has become transfixed with celebrity. Business people and marketers also endeavour to cash in on the popularity enjoyed by the stars and realise the value of associating merchandise or trademarks with the rich and famous. This leads to difficulties when the attributes of a person are apparently used without consent, which poses new questions to the law: should the law protect the individual against the unlawful use of his or her image? If so, to what extent should such protection be granted? These were some of the questions which the court had to answer in Wells v Atoll Media (Pty). The judgment in Wellshas redefined the right to identity and provided some clarity on what the infringement of that right would amount to. When the attributes of a person are used without consent, the right to identity can be violated in one of four ways. A person's right to identity can be infringed upon if the attributes of that person are used without permission in a way which cannot be reconciled with the true image of the individual concerned, if the use amounts to the commercial exploitation of the individual, if it cannot be reconciled with generally accepted norms of decency, or if it violates the privacy of that person.

scholarly journals KONSEP HAK MILIK DALAM EKONOMI ISLAM

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-207
Author(s):  
AN Ras Try Astuti ◽  
Andi Faisal
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Economic System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Private Ownership ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
Joint Ownership ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Individual

Capitalism as an economic system that is implemented by most countries in the world today, in fact it gave birth to injustice and social inequalityare increasingly out of control. Social and economic inequalities are felt both between countries (developed and developing countries) as well as insociety itself (the rich minority and the poor majority). The condition is born from the practice of departing from faulty assumptions about the man. In capitalism the individual to own property released uncontrollably, causing a social imbalance. On the other hand, Islam never given a state model that guarantees fair distribution of ownership for all members of society, ie at the time of the Prophet Muhammad established the Islamic government in Medina. In Islam, the private ownership of property was also recognized but not absolute like capitalism. Islam also recognizes the forms of joint ownership for the benefit of society and acknowledges the ownership of the state that aims to create a balance and social justice.

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