scholarly journals The t-test, resource pooling, and psi: why the minimum sample size counts towards theoretical progress in behavioral science

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich H. Witte ◽  
Frank Zenker
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
T Test ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Theoretical Construct ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Resource Pooling ◽  
Collection Cost

A theoretical construct that subsumes an empirical phenomenon should rest on statistically significant test-results with high replication probably. To statistically establish such test-results, behavioral science publications typically rely on a t-test, and researchers typically operate under limited data collection resources. To publish more test-results, or to publish an individual result sooner, questionable strategies are commonly used to reduce data collection cost. One strategy is to increase the β-error rate from 0.05 to 0.20; a second strategy is to treat the control group as a constant, collapsing a two sample t-test into a one sample t-test. Both strategies happen to underlie Bem’s (2011) rightly controversial results on human precognition (“psi hypothesis” [Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 3, 407-425]). Since both strategies undermine theoretical research in behavioral science, their ubiquity partially explains the rarity of well-corroborated theoretical constructs there. We advocate collaboration between individual labs as a viable route to enabling theoretical research by collecting a large enough sample jointly.

scholarly journals Intravesical prostaglandin e2 effectiveness in the prevention of urinary retention after transvaginal reconstruction of the pubo-cervical fascia and short arm sling according to Lahodny: a prospective randomized clinical trial

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. QUADRI ◽  
N. NATALE ◽  
C. SPREAFICO ◽  
C. BELLONI ◽  
D. BARISANI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Urinary Retention ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Intravesical prostaglandin E2 is effective in the recovery of spontaneous voiding after transvaginal reconstruction of the pubocervical fascia and short arm sling according to Lahodny. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of intravesical prostaglandin E2 in the prevention of urinary retention after transvaginal reconstruction of the pubocervical fascia and short arm sling according to Lahodny. STUDY DESIGN: From November 1996 to June 1999 fifty women underwent the Lahodny procedure for moderate/severe cystocele and stress urinary incontinence. Women were randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 study groups: intravesical prostaglandin E2 versus controls. Data obtained were analyzed with the Student t test and the Fisher exact test. RESULTS: Two patients of the treatment group had to be excluded from the study, one because of the wrong measurement of the post-voidal residual volume and another due to a fastidious burning sensation which appeared immediately after prostaglandin instillation and required the suspension of the treatment. No other side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or hyperthermia were observed. Patients who underwent the prostaglandin E2 treatment showed a recovery of spontaneous voiding after 7.9±6.7 days, whereas this interval was significantly longer in the control group, being 12.9±9.7 days (p=0.04, Two tailed Unpaired Student's T test). CONCLUSION: The effectiveness and the low associated morbidity mark the treatment with intravesical prostaglandin E2 useful in the recovery of normal voiding after transvaginal pubocervical fascia reconstruction and short arm sling with the procedure according to Lahodny.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PELATIHAN THREE CORNER DRILL TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KELINCAHAN DAN POWER

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Gede Agunk Teddy Pratama ◽  
Made Budiawan ◽  
I Nyoman Sudarmada
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
T Test ◽  
Training Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan three corner drill terhadap kelincahan dan power otot tungkai. Jenis penelitian adalah quasi experimental dengan rancangan the non-randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Subjek penelitian yang digunakan siswa putra peserta ektrakurikuler sepak bola SMPN 2 Pekutatan. Data post-test kelincahan dan power otot tungkai pada kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol dianalisis dengan uji-t independent pada taraf signifikansi (α) 0,05 dengan bantuan program SPSS 16.0. Berdasarkan hasil uji-t independent didapatkan hasil : (1) untuk variabel kelincahan, hasil perbandingan kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol didapatkan nilai thitung = -2,948 , dengan nilai signifikansi 0,009, (2) untuk variabel power, hasil perbandingan kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol didapatkan nilai thitung = 3,176, dengan nilai signifikansi 0,005. Nilai signifikansi hitung lebih kecil dari nilai α (Sig < 0,05), dengan demikian hipotesis penelitian “pelatihan three corner drill berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kelincahan dan power otot tungkai pada siswa putra peserta ektrakurikuler sepak bola SMPN 2 Pekutatan” diterima. Dari hasil analisis data dan pembahasan disimpulkan bahwa : (1) Pelatihan three corner drill berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kelincahan pada siswa putra peserta ektrakurikuler sepak bola SMP Negeri 2 Pekutatan (2) Pelatihan three corner drill berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan power otot tungkai pada siswa putra peserta ektrakurikuler sepak bola SMP Negeri 2 Pekutatan. Kata Kunci : kelincahan, daya ledak, three corner drill The purpose of this research was to find out the effect of three corner drill training toward the increased agility and power muscle of legs. The type of research was a quasi-experimental and the design of research was the non-randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The subjects were man’s student football extracurricular participants of SMPN 2 Pekutatan. Agility and muscle power of legs posttest to the treatment group and the control group were analyzed by independent t-test at significance 0,05 with SPSS 16.0. Based on independent t-test results were showed : (1) to the agility variable, the comparison of the treatment and the control group values obtained t = -2,948, with a significance value of 0,009, (2) to muscle power of legs variable, the comparison of the treatment and the control group values obtained t = 3,176, with a significance value of 0,005. Calculated significance value smaller than the value of 0,05 (Sig < 0.05), thus the research hypothesis "three corner drill training affect the increased agility and muscle power of legs in football extracurricular participants of SMPN 2 Pekutatan " was received. From the analyzed and discussion were concluded that : (1) three corner drill training effect the increased agility in football extracurricular participants of SMPN 2 Pekutatan, (2) three corner drill training effect the increased muscle power of legs in football extracurricular participants of SMPN 2 Pekutatan. keyword : Agility, power, three corner drill

scholarly journals Efektivitas Metode Imla’ Manzur dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menulis Bahasa Arab Siswa Madrasah Tsanawiyah

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Susanti Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Significant Difference

The lack of use the writing skills method raises several obstacles experienced by students, including weaknesses in understanding the basics of Arabic writing and difficulty in answering Arabic questions. Therefore, it is necessary to improve learning as an effort to improve writing skills by applying the imla’ manzur method. This research is an experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design model, aimed at finding out the effectiveness of the imla’ manzur method. Data collection techniques in this study used observation, tests, questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. Then the validity of the data is tested using the independent sample t-test. The results obtained were that in the experimental class the mastery of Arabic writing skills of students after applying the imla’ manzur method had increased the average value from 52.08 to 78.57. Then, the results of the independent sample t-test showed a significant difference in the mastery of Arabic writing skills in the experimental class and the control class 0.000 < 0.05 after treatment, so that the conclusion of this study based on the data obtained showed that the application of the imla’ manzur method was effective in improving students Arabic writing skills. Evidenced by a significant increase in learning outcomes, student enthusiasm when taking turns to write vocabulary and sentences in Arabic on the board, as well as growing sensitivity of student analysis of Arabic writing skills.

scholarly journals PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA LEMBAGA “BUMI DAMAI“ DESA KUWIRAN KECAMATAN KARE KABUPATEN MADIUN

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninik Srijani
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Regression Tests

<p>The purpose of this study was to influence of leadership style on employee performance in institution Bumi Damai Madiun. The sample in this study all existing employees in the institution Bumi Damai Madiun, totaling 34 people. Data collection using questionnaires. In analyzing the data used statistical methods to test the product moment correlation is valid whether or not the instruments used and the method of regression tests for testing the hypothesis put forward in this study. </p>The results showed that leadership style has relationships and a positive influence on the performance of employees at the Institute Bumi Damai Madiun. It is obtained from the correlation test that shows the value of rhitung is rtabel 0.339 0.740 whereas, on the other hand is 0.000 while the magnitude Sighit Sigprob 0.05. This means that the value rhitung ≥ rtabel (0.740 ≥ 0.339) or ≤ Sighit Sigprob (0.000 ≤ 0.05) meaning a rejection of H0 to show that leadership style has a relationship with employee performance on Institute <br /> Bumi Damai Madiun.  Further test results were also obtained Fisher, Fhitung value is 38.843 while the F table at 4.149, on the other hand is 0.000 while the magnitude Sighit Sigprob 0.05. This means that the value Fcount Ftabel ≥ (≥ 38.843 4.149) or ≤ Sighit Sigprob (0.000 ≤ 0.05) meaning a rejection of H0 which indicates that there is the influence of leadership style on the performance of employees at the Institute Bumi Damai Madiun. Besides t test results obtained, is 6.232 whereas tcount ttabel of 2.037, on the other hand is 0.000 while the value Sighit Sigprob 0.05. This means that tcount ≥ TTable (6.232 ≥ 1.694) or ≤ Sighit Sigprob (0.000 ≤ 0.05) meaning a rejection of H0 which shows that there are different leadership style influence on the performance of employees at the Institute Bumi Damai Madiun. R 2 of 0.548 results showed that 54.8% of employees affected by the performance variable leadership style, while the remaining 45.2% is influenced by other factors.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KETERAMPILAN TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA KARYAWAN PADA KONVEKSI ISTANA MODE MADIUN

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiwin Wiranti
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
Employee Productivity ◽  
Test Results ◽  
F Test

<p>This  study aims to determine  tbe Employee   Skills in the Konveksi  Istana  Mode Madiun,  to determine  Employee  Productivity  in the Konveksi  Istana Mode Madiun,  as well as  to  determine   the  presence   or  absence   of  Vocational   Effect   on  Productivity   Among Employees   at the Konveksi  Istana  Mode  Madiun.  The  samples  in this  study  is purposive sampling   technique   that  all  employees   at  the  Konveksi   Istana   Mode   Madiun   part  of convection,   amounting  to 30 people.  Data  collection  using  questionnaires,   documentation and interviews.In    analyzing  the data using statistical  methods  Product  Moment,  To test this hypothesis   using the r test, F test and t test. The results  of the regression  analysis  ofY  = a +bX, the result Y = 11,737 + 0,757X,  to test that rcount  &gt; r liable  (0.784  &gt; 0.361),  or may be rejected  HO means  that there  is a skills  significant  relationship   with  work  productivity   of employee  at the Konveksi  Istana  Mode  Madiun.  Furthermore,   also obtained  results  which indicate that the F test ofF count &gt;F table (44,5752::4.196)  or ::;;Sighit Sigprob  (0,000 ::;;0.05). Thus HO is rejected,  it means  there is an overall  effect of skills on labor productivity   at the Konveksi  Istana  Mode  Madiun.  In addition,  the t-test results  obtained  thit&gt;  ttab  (6.676  &gt; 2.048) or Sig hit &lt; Sig prob (0.000 &lt; 0.025) this situation  can be said to be no different  from the effect of employee  skills on work productivity  of employee  at the Konveksi  Istana Mode Madiun.</p>

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Skimming and Scanning Techniques in Improving Student’s Reading Comprehension of Grade Eleven Students of SMA Negeri 1 Tana Toraja

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Yanti Mambua
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Random Assignment ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
And Control

This research aims at proving that the use of using Skimming and Scanning techniques are effective in improving reading comprehension of grade-eleven students of SMA Negeri 1 Tana Toraja. The method used in this research was true-experimental design random assignment pretest-posttest control group. The samples of this research were selected from the population of grade-eleven students of SMA Negeri 1 Tana Toraja by using random sampling technique. The instruments of data collection were observation checklist, questionnaire items and tests. The data were analyzed by using t-test statistical and descriptive methods. Based on the analysis, the result score of experimental class is 80.27 and control class is 67.02. By applying level of significance 0.05 and degree of freedom (df) 48, the t-counted value (4.3) is greater than t-table value (2013). Furthermore, based on the result of effectiveness indicators showed the score is 83% it means that the techniques are effective. In other words, applying skimming and scanning techniques are effective in improving students reading comprehension of the grade eleven students of SMA Negeri 1 Tana Toraja. Keywords: Reading Comprehension Skimming and Scanning

scholarly journals Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning dengan Metode Eksperimen Terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA Fisika Siswa Kelas VII SMP Negeri 19 Mataram Tahun Pelajaran 2014/2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurqomariah Nurqomariah ◽  
Gunawan Gunawan ◽  
Sutrio Sutrio
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Experimental Group

This research is a quasi-experimental aims to find the impact of problem based learning model with experimental methods on the learning outcomes physics science of grade VII SMPN 19 Mataram in academic year 2014/2015. The population of this research is students of grade VII SMPN 19 Mataram with 144 students, while the sampling of this research is grade as VIIA as experimental group and VIIB as the control group. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The research design used is untreated control group design with pretest and posttest. Pre-test results obtained by the average value of experimental group is 25.36 while the control group is 28.54. Post-test results for experimental group is 75.13, while for the control group is 65.41. Research hypotheses were analyzed by t-test two tail using formulas polled variance t-test given the result that thint is greater than ttable, In addition, an increase on learning outcomes analyzed using N-gain test given the result that experimental group has increased higher than the control group.so that can be concluded that the model of problem-based learning with experimental method given positive impact on learning outcomes physics science of grade VII SMPN 19 Mataram in academic year 2014/2015.

scholarly journals OPTIMALISASI POSISI JANIN MELALUI PRENATAL YOGA TERHADAP OUTPUT PERSALINAN DI PUSKESMAS WILAYAH KOTA CIREBON

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 396
Author(s):  
Nurasih Nurasih ◽  
Endang Nurrochmi
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Group ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Control

In Indonesia, Yoga is currently one of the most popular sports, not only for the general public but also for pregnant women. Many benefits can be obtained from prenatal yoga including the mother feeling comfortable and relaxed throughout pregnancy and during childbirth, training the pelvic floor muscles and perineum, keeping the body's muscles relaxed, balanced during childbirth, reducing stress, increasing and improving oxygen circulation to the body and fetus. . This study aims to determine the effect of prenatal yoga on optimizing fetal position on third trimester Primigravida maternal delivery output at Puskesmas Cirebon City. This research is a quasi-experimental research pre post control group design and only post control group design with T test and Chi Square test. Paired T Test results of the intervention group (mean difference = 3.111, P value = 0.000, control group (mean difference = 0.833, P value = 0.318). Independent T Test results obtained (average difference = -1.944, P value = 0.024), Chi Square test obtained a value of P = 0.73. There is a difference in the average anxiety before and after the intervention in the intervention group, there is no difference in average anxiety before and after the intervention in the control group. There is a difference in the average anxiety between the intervention and control groups. There is a difference in mean Long I stage between the intervention and control groups There was no effect of prenatal yoga on the type of labor.

scholarly journals ANALISIS INVESTASI EMAS DAN SAHAM SEBAGAI BENTUK KEPUTUSAN INVESTASI (STUDI KASUS KARYAWAN BANK MANDIRI CABANG PADANG)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nova Begawati
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
T Test ◽  
Research Library ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Stock Investment ◽  
Collection Methods

This study aims to influence the investment of gold on investment decisions on the employees of Bank Mandiri branch of Padang, To determine the effect of stock investment on investment decisions on employees of Bank Mandiri branch Padang, To determine the effect of gold and stock investment on investment decisions on employees of Bank Mandiri branch Padang and For knowing which investment decisions are most preferred by employees of Bank Mandiri branch Padang. Data collection methods used in this research is by using research lapanga and research library. Methods of data analysis in this study using multiple regression. The results of this study indicate that: 1) The test results t t Investment Gold Investment Decision obtained t value of 2.152 is greater than t table of 2.002 and the value of sig of 0.000 smaller than 0.05 so that Gold Investment variables significantly influence the Investment Decision ,2) The result of t test of Investment Tests on Investment Decision found t value equal to 13,498 bigger than t table equal to 2,002 and value of sig equal to 0,001 less than 0,05 so variable of Investment of Saham has significant effect to Investment Decision 3) Result of F test test Gold Investment and Stock Investment to Investment Decision found the value of F arithmetic equal to 123,233 bigger than F table equal to 4,00 and sig value equal to 0.000 less than 0,05 so that variable of Gold Investment and Investment of Stock have significant effect to Investment Decision 4) Based on the answers given by employees quizoner of PT. Bank Mandiri branch of Padang is known type of investment is the most other selected by 25 respondents, gold by 20 respondents and shares of 15 respondents. (YG)

scholarly journals Pengaruh Modal Sendiri, Jumlah Anggota Terhadap Pertumbuhan Koperasi Di Kota Pematangsiantar

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Supitriyani Supitriyani ◽  
Khairul Azwar ◽  
Elly Susanti ◽  
Astuti Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
F Test ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Simultaneous Testing

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of own capital and the number of members partially and simultaneous on the growth of cooperatives (SHU) in Pematangsiantar City Cooperative in 2017-2019 periods. Data collection in this study is conducted by interview, observation and documentation methods. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. The number of samples in this study were 17 cooperatives with the 2017-2019 periods with population of 86. The analysis techniques have been carried outusing simple and multiple linear regression, with the program SPSS 21. The partial test results of the t test show that own capital has a positive and significant effect on SHU while the number of members has a negative and significant effect on SHU. Meanwhile the results simultaneous testing hrough the F test shows that the own capital and the number of members have a positive and significant effect on SHU. The results of the determinant test have an adjusted R square (R2) value of 0.227 which means that the effect of own capital and the number of members on SHU is 22.7% and the remaining 77.3% is explained by variables or other factors not examined in this study, such as loan capital, total deposits, business volume and total assets. Keywords : Own Capital, Number of Members, SHU

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