scholarly journals MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS REMODELING VESSELS HEMOMICROCIRCULATORY BED OF JEJUNUM AT RESECTIONS OF LIVER

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
M.S. Hnatjuk ◽  
L.V. Tatarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Lateral Part ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Bed Expansion ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
Sexually Mature

Liver resection is widely used in modern surgical departments. Removal of large volumes of the liver leads to postresection portal hypertension, which is complicated by bleeding from varicose veins of the esophagus, stomach, rectum, ascites, splenomegaly with secondary hypersplenism, parenchymal jaundice and portosystemic encephalopathy. The widespread prevalence of this pathology, high mortality from its complications indicates that it is an important medical and social problem. The aim of the study is quantitative morphological study of the features of remodeling the vessels of the hemomicrocirculatory bad of the jejunum at resection of different volumes of the liver. The studies were conducted on 45 sexually mature male rats, which were divided into 3 groups. The first group consisted of 15 intact virtually animals, 2-15 rats after resection of the left lateral part – 31.5% of the parenchyma of the liver, 3-15 animals after resection of the right and left lateral parts of the liver (58.1%). Euthanasia of experimental animals was carried out by bloodletting in conditions of thiopental anesthesia 1 month after the beginning of the experiment. The hemomicrocirculatory bad of the jejunum was studied by injection of its vessels into the carcass-gelatinous mixture, which was injected through the abdominal aorta. From the jejunum, lightened and histologic preparates were prepared and morphometrically studied the vessels of the microhemocirculatory bed. Quantitative indicators were processed statistically, the difference between the comparative values was determined by the Student's criterion. It was established that the severity of structural transformation of the vessels of the microhemocirculatory bad of the jejunum depends on the volume of the removed parenchyma of the liver. The analysis of the obtained results revealed that one month after resection of 31.5% of liver parenchyma, the morphometric parameters of the vessels of the haemomicrocirculatory bad of the jejunum were insignificantly altered. It was determined that resection of 58.1% of liver parenchyma caused postresection portal hypertension and marked remodeling of blood vessels of the hemomicrocirculatory bad of the jejunum, which was characterized by narrowing of arterioles by 23.4%, precapillary arterioles by 22.8%, hemocapillaries by 22.9%%, decrease in the density of microvessels – by 22.4%, the expansion of the capillary venules – by 35.5% and venules – by 28.7%, venous plethora, hypoxia, dystrophy, necrobiosis of cells and tissues, infiltrative processes and sclerosis. Resection of 58.1% of liver parenchyma leads to postresection portal hypertension, pronounced narrowing of lumen of the vessels of the adnexa and exchange units hemomicrocirculatory bed, expansion of the postcapillary venules and venules, venous plethora, hypoxia, dystrophy and necrobiosis of cells and tissues, infiltrative and sclerotic processes in wall of the jejunum.

scholarly journals ПОРУШЕННЯ ВСМОКТУВАЛЬНОЇ ФУНКЦІЇ ТОНКОЇ КИШКИ ПРИ ПОСТРЕЗЕКЦІЙНІЙ ПОРТАЛЬНІЙ ГІПЕРТЕНЗІЇ

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Hnatiuk ◽  
L. V. Tatarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Morphometric Parameter ◽  
Lateral Part ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Absorption Function

The liver resection is widely used in modern surgical clinics. Removal of large volumes of liver leads to postresection portal hypertension, which is complicated by bleeding from varicose veins of the esophagus, stomach, rectum, ascites, splenomegaly, secondary hypersplenism, parenchymal jaundice, and portosystemic encephalopathy. The widespread prevalence of this pathology, high mortality from its complications indicates that it is an important medical and social problem.The aim of the study – to learn the features of the suction function of the small intestine at postresection portal hypertension.Materials and Methods. The research was conducted on 45 laboratory-sexually mature white male rats, which were divided into 3 groups. The 1 group consisted of 15 intact virtually healthy animals, 2–15 rats after resection of the left lateral part – 31.5 % of liver parenchyma, 3–15 animals after removal of the right and left lateral parts of the liver (58.1 %). One month after the start of the experiment, the suction function of the small intestine was investigated for the D-xylose test. It is specified chemical agent is an inert carbohydrate which is absorbed by passive diffusion. D-xylose is not metabolized in the human body and animals, is excreted in the urine, fully and adequately reflects the suction function of the small intestine. From the small intestine made histological micropreparations. Morphometrically determined the height of the epitheliocytes of the mucousa of the intestine, the diameter of their nuclei, nuclearcytoplasmic relations in them, the relative volume of their damage. Quantitative indicators were processed statistically.Results and Discussion. It was found that one month after resection of 31.5 % of liver parenchyma, the content of D-xylose in urine decreased by only 5.1 %, indicating a slight disruption of the absorption function of the small intestine, and resection 58.1 % of the liver decreased of D-xylose in urine by 28.6 %. The latter figure testified to a marked violation of the suction function of the small intestine. One month after resection, 58.1 % of liver parenchyma decreased the height of epithelial cells by 19.4 % compared with the same control quantitative morphological parameters, and the diameter of their nuclei – only by 2.3 %. Non-uniform disproportionate changes in spatial characteristics of the nucleus and cytoplasm of the epithelial cells resulted in marked violations of nuclear-cytoplasmic relations in these cells. At the same time, the indicated morphometric parameter is statistically significantly (p <0.001) increased by 47.9 %, which indicated an alteration of structural cellular homeostasis. Relative volume of damaged endothelial cells a month after removal of 58.1 % of liver parenchyma increased 21.3 times. Significant correlation between the concentration of D-xylose in urine, nuclear-cytoplasmic ratios in epitheliocytes and the relative volume of damaged epithelial cells was found, which allowed to confirm the close relationship between structural changes in mucosa of the intestine and violation of the suction function in the simulated experimental conditions. Consequently, significant resection of the liver parenchyma leads to posresection portal hypertension, severe lesions of the mucosa of the intestine, which significantly impairs the suction function of the small intestine.Conclusions. Resection of 58.1 % of liver parenchyma leads to postresection portal hypertension and severe structural rearrangement of the epitheliocytes of the mucosa of the small intestine, which is confirmed by a disturbance in their cellular structural homeostasis and a significant increase in the relative volume of their damage, which was complicated by a significant violation of the suction function of the small intestine.

scholarly journals THE PECULIARITIES LOCAL IMMUNE REACTIONS IN ILEUM AT POSTRESECTION PORTAL HYPERTENSION

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
L. V. Tatarchuk ◽  
M. S. Hnatyuk
Keyword(s):  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
White Male ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Immune Homeostasis ◽  
Immune Reactions

In the experiment, in laboratory white male rats, local immune reactions were investigated in the ileum in conditions of postresection portal hypertension, which was modeled by removing 58.1% of liver parenchyma. It has been established that postresection portal hypertension leads to pronounced changes in local immune reactions in the ileum, characterized by a 29.6% reduction in secretory IgA, a plasmoncytes with IgA on 1 mm² on the mucosa by 32.5%, an uneven, disproportional increase in the number of plasmatic cells with IgM. IgG, IgE, respectively, by 77.0%, 4.1 and 5.1 times. The cell density of the infiltrate in the mucosa of the investigated organ increased by 37.0%, and the number of mast cells by 35.8%. The results obtained indicate that postresection portal hypertension leads to weakening, tension and instability of the local immune homeostasis of the ileum mucosa and marked structural changes in the wall of the investigated organ.

scholarly journals REMODELING PECULIARITIES OF ATRIAL ARTERY IN CONDITIONS OF POSTRESECTION PORTAL HYPERTENSION

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
М. S. Hnatjuk ◽  
N. M. Gdanska ◽  
L. V. Tatarchuk ◽  
Т. І. Gargula ◽  
О. В. Jasinovsky
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Right

It is known that structural and functional changes in the heart can be caused by various changes in hemodynamics, which include post resection portal hypertension. It should be noted that the structure of the atrial arteries in postresection portal hypertension has not been studied enough. The purpose of the study is to investigate the peculiarities of atrial artery remodeling in the conditions of post resection portal hypertension. Material and methods. The arteries of the atria of 34 male rats, which were divided into 2 groups, were studied by a complex of morphological methods. The group 1 consisted of 15 experimental intact animals; group 2 included 19 rats with post resection portal hypertension, which was simulated by removal of the left and right lateral lobes of the liver. Euthanasia of rats was performed by bloodletting under conditions of thiopental anesthesia one month after the start of the experiment. The outer and inner diameters of the atrial arteries of medium and small calibers, the thickness of the media and adventitial membrane, Wagenworth and Kernogan indices, the height of endothelial cells, the diameters of their nuclei, nuclear-cytoplasmic ratios in the studied endothelial cells, and relative volumes of damaged endotheliocytes were measured. Quantitative indicators were processed statistically. Results. It was established that in the conditions of post resection portal hypertension the arteries of small caliber of the atria changed more markedly. The outer diameter of these vessels of the left atrium increased by 4.2 %, the right - by 3.3 % (p <0.05), the thickness of the media and the adventitial membrane increased by 12.58 % and 45.7 % and respectively 11.8 % and 33.7 % (p <0.001, their lumen decreased by 13.5 % and 10.7 %, respectively) (p <0.001). The Wagenworth index of small caliber arteries increased markedly, and the Kernogan index decreased. Nuclear-cytoplasmic ratios in endotheliocytes of small arteries of the left atrium were changed by 7.6 %, and in the right - by 6.1 % (p<0.01), the relative volumes of damaged endotheliocytes respectively increased by 7.6 and 5, 2 times (p <0.001). Damage to a significant number of endothelial cells led to their dysfunction, blockade of NO synthase, decreased NO synthesis, activation of its degradation, which exacerbated spasm, narrowing of vessels and significantly impaired blood supply to the body and complicated by hypoxia.Histologically at post resection portal hypertension, there were pronounced vascular disorders, plethora, dilation of mainly venous vessels, perivasal edema and stroma edema, foci of dystrophic, necrobiotic, apoptotically altered endotheliocytes, stromal structures and cardiomyocytes. There was also swelling of endothelial cells, their dystrophy, necrobiosis, desquamation and proliferation. Conclusion. Post resection portal hypertension leads to severe remodeling of mainly small atrial arteries, which is characterized by thickening of their wall, narrowing of the lumen, changes in the Kernogan and Vaughanworth indices, endothelial cell damage, endothelial dysfunction, decreasing of organ blood supply, hypoxia, trophic disorders, dystrophic and necrobiolic changes of tissues and cells, infiltration, sclerosis.

scholarly journals Стан антиоксидантної системи експериментальних тварин при пошкодженні дванадцятипалої кишки за умов пострезекційної портальної гіпертензії

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Hnatjuk ◽  
L. V. Tatarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
The State ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Smooth Myocytes

Introduction. The resections of large volumes of the liver leads to postresection portal hypertension that results in structural-functional changes in the organs of portal vena system. The features of remodeling structures of duodenum and state of the antioxidant system of organism in the conditions of postresection portal hypertension are not studied yet. The aim of the study – to learn the state of the antioxidant system for experimental animals at the structural-functional changes of duodenum in the conditions of postresection portal hypertension. Research Methods. The studies were performed on 39 white male rats, which were divided into 3 groups. The first group consisted of 15 intact experimental animals (control), 2nd – 12 animals, which eliminated 42 % of liver parenchyma, 3rd – 12 rats after resection of 58.1 % of liver parenchyma. One month after the beginning of the experiment, euthanasia of rats was performed by bloodletting under conditions of thiopental anesthesia. In the blood of experimental animals, indicators characterizing the state of oxidative protection were determined – the activity of superoxidedismutase, catalase and ceruloplasmin. Sections of the duodenum were fixed in a 10 % neutral formalin solution and, after passing through the ethyl alcohol of increasing concentration, were placed in paraffin. Histologic sections 5–7 мm thick after deparaffinization were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, for van Gizon, Mallory, Weigert, and toluidine blue. Gistostereometrically determined the relative volumes of damaged endothelial cells, epithelial cells, smooth myocytes. A correlation analysis was carried out between biochemical and histogeometric indices with the definition of the coefficient (r) of correlation. Quantitative values were processed statistically. Results and Discussion. It is set that in the conditions of the modelled experiment activity of superoxidedismutase at the resection of 42 % parenchyma of liver statistically for certain (р<0.001) diminished on 15.5 % and at removal of 58.1 % parenchima of liver – on 25 %; activity of catalase – accordingly on 22.2 and 38.8 % and activity of ceruloplasmin – on 15.3 and 21.3 %. Received and the analyzed indexes testify that at resection of considerable volumes (42; 58.1 %) parenchyma of liver antioxidant defence of organism gets worse substantially and depends on removal at volumes of liver. A relative volume of the damaged endotheliocytes is in 2 to the group of supervisions with high authenticity (р<0.001) grew in 8.4 times, epithelial cells – in 18.9 times, and smooth myocytes – in 12 times. After the resection of 58.1 % parenchyma of liver the investigated morphometric parameters increased accordingly in 15.8; 31.4 and 18.1 times. Correlation connections between the indexes of antioxidant defence and relative at volumes of the damaged endotheliocytes, epithelial cells and smooth myocytes in duodenum at resection 42 % parenchima of liver were opposite moderate and significance (r=–0.48ч–0.56) at resection 58.1 % of liver – significance (r=–0.72÷-0.83). Conclusions. The obtained results indicate that antioxidant protection of the organism plays an important role in the adaptive-compensatory processes of the duodenum after resection of different volumes of liver parenchyma. The degree of antioxidant defense of the organism depends on the removed volume of liver parenchyma and the number of damaged structures of the duodenum.

scholarly journals Competitive activity of elite female tennis players on courts with different cover types

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Anna Skorodumova ◽  
Igor Baranov ◽  
Aliya Tarpischeva ◽  
Snegana Semenova ◽  
Filipp Tarpishchev
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Process Plans ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Competitive Activity ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Quantitative Indicators

The purpose is to identify and compare the indicators of external parameters of load experienced by elite fe- male tennis players during competitive matches on courts with various covers. Methods and organization of the research. We used the following methods of research: 1) educational observa- tion using stenographic record of each shot and timing of each point; 2) methods of mathematical statistics. The recording of competitive matches was held at Grand Slam tournaments and at other major international competitions played on courts with "slow" and "fast" cover. We recorded and analyzed 53 matches. It was im- portant to solve two problems – to get quantitative indicators of external parameters of load experienced by elite female athletes during matches on courts with various covers and to compare them. In order to have the right to compare, it was necessary to make sure that there was no difference in the excellence level of female tennis players who took part in the competition. For this purpose, we calculated the rating of pairs and the difference of player ratings in each pair. We selected the pairs with no significant excellence difference who took part in the same tournaments with various court covers. We selected 20 matches on each cover type. Research results. Comparative analysis of obtained data resulted in identification of significant difference of all indicators of external parameters of load experienced during matches on "fast" and "slow" courts. Conclusion. The authors come to the conclusion that the study results can be used in adjustment of training process plans for athletes during preparation for tournaments on "fast" and "slow" covers at the stages of sport perfection and sport excellence, in lectures for sport university students and coaches at advanced training courses, and in writing qualification papers.

Legal Update: North Dakota Supreme Court: Third Edition of Guides is “Most Current”

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
James J. Mangraviti
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Hip Motion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Hip Rotation ◽  
Hip Extension

Abstract The accurate measurement of hip motion is critical when one rates impairments of this joint, makes an initial diagnosis, assesses progression over time, and evaluates treatment outcome. The hip permits all motions typical of a ball-and-socket joint. The hip sacrifices some motion but gains stability and strength. Figures 52 to 54 in AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fourth Edition, illustrate techniques for measuring hip flexion, loss of extension, abduction, adduction, and external and internal rotation. Figure 53 in the AMA Guides, Fourth Edition, illustrates neutral, abducted, and adducted positions of the hip and proper alignment of the goniometer arms, and Figure 52 illustrates use of a goniometer to measure flexion of the right hip. In terms of impairment rating, hip extension (at least any beyond neutral) is irrelevant, and the AMA Guides contains no figures describing its measurement. Figure 54, Measuring Internal and External Hip Rotation, demonstrates proper positioning and measurement techniques for rotary movements of this joint. The difference between measured and actual hip rotation probably is minimal and is irrelevant for impairment rating. The normal internal rotation varies from 30° to 40°, and the external rotation ranges from 40° to 60°.

Implementasi Sistem Informasi Monitoring Pengolahan Data Inventory Gudang Pada PT.Talaga Mulya Indah

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-197
Author(s):  
Nurlaila Suci Rahayu Rais ◽  
Dedeh Apriyani ◽  
Gito Gardjito
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

Monitoring of warehouse inventory data processing is an important thing for companies. PT Talaga mulya indah is still manual using paper media, causing problems that have an effect on existing information, namely: problems with data processing of incoming and outgoing goods. And the difference between data on the amount of stock of goods available with physical data, often occurs inputting data more than once for the same item, searching for available data, and making reports so that it impedes companies in monitoring inventory of existing stock of goods. Which aims to create a system that can provide updated information to facilitate the warehouse admin in making inventory reports, and reduce errors in input by means of integrated control. In this study, the authors used the data collection method used in this analysis using the method of observation, interviews, and literature review (literature study). For analysis using the PIECES analysis method. Furthermore, the system design used is UML (Unified Modeling Language). The results of this study are expected to produce the right data in the process of monitoring inventory data processing, also can provide the right information and make it easier to control the overall availability of goods.

METABOLISM AND MODE OF ACTION OF ANDROGENS IN TARGET TISSUES OF MALE RATS

1972 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Schmidt ◽  
I. Noack ◽  
K. D. Voigt
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
Sites Of Action ◽  
Peripheral Metabolism

ABSTRACT The effect of testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone on protein and nucleic acid content as well as on the activities of some enzymes has been studied in the ventral prostate and the seminal vesicles of immature castrated rats. Both androgens were given intraperitoneally in doses of 1 mg daily for one or three days the rats were sacrificed one day after the last injection. In the prostate it was found that 5α-dihydrotestosterone had a greater effect on DNA increase, i. e. cell proliferation than testosterone, whereas cell metabolism was stimulated by the two androgens to nearly the same extent. In the seminal vesicles a single dose led to the same results as had been obtained in the prostate, i. e. a greater cell proliferative action of 5α-dihydrotestosterone and an equal stimulation of cell metabolism by testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone was also observed. When three doses of the two androgens were given, cell proliferation as well as cell metabolism in the seminal vesicles were significantly more increased after 5α-dihydrotestosterone than after testosterone. The difference of action after systemic administration of the two androgens is explained by their different accumulation and by their different peripheral metabolism in the target tissues. From the partly independent effects of various androgens on cell proliferation and cell metabolism the conclusion may be drawn that there exist at least two intracellular sites of action.

Konsep Pemerintahan Religius dan Demokrasi Menurut Abdul Karim Soroush dan Ayatullah Khomeini

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 438-473
Author(s):  
M. Heri Fadoil
Keyword(s):  
Religious System ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Ayatollah Khomeini ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

Abstract: Abdul Karim Soroush judges that religious rule is incorrect assessment of the application of Islamic jurisprudence. In a religious society, Islamic jurisprudence obtains the right to govern. It is, of course, necessary to establish a kind of Islamic jurisprudence-based religious rule. Soroush firmly rejects it because such interpretation is too narrow. As for democracy, Soroush argues that the system used is not necessarily equal to that of the Western. On the contrary, Ayatollah Khomeini’s thoughts on religious rule are reflected in the so called wilayat al-faqih. It is a religious scholar-based government. Democracy, according to him, is the values of Islam itself, which is able to represent the level of a system to bring to the country’s progress. Principally, there are some similarities between the ideas of Ayatollah Khomeini and those of Abdul Karim Soroush in term of religiosity. They assume that it is able to sustain the religious system of government. The difference between both lies on the application of religiosity itself. Ayatollah Khomeini applies the concept of a religious scholar-based government, while Abdul Karim Soroush rejects the institutionalization of religion in the government or state.Keywords: Governance, democracy, Abdul Karim Soroush, Ayatollah Khomeini

Our Bodies, Whose Property?

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Human Organs ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

No one wants to be treated like an object, regarded as an item of property, or put up for sale. Yet many people frame personal autonomy in terms of self-ownership, representing themselves as property owners with the right to do as they wish with their bodies. Others do not use the language of property, but are similarly insistent on the rights of free individuals to decide for themselves whether to engage in commercial transactions for sex, reproduction, or organ sales. Drawing on analyses of rape, surrogacy, and markets in human organs, this book challenges notions of freedom based on ownership of our bodies and argues against the normalization of markets in bodily services and parts. The book explores the risks associated with metaphors of property and the reasons why the commodification of the body remains problematic. The book asks what is wrong with thinking of oneself as the owner of one's body? What is wrong with making our bodies available for rent or sale? What, if anything, is the difference between markets in sex, reproduction, or human body parts, and the other markets we commonly applaud? The book contends that body markets occupy the outer edges of a continuum that is, in some way, a feature of all labor markets. But it also emphasizes that we all have bodies, and considers the implications of this otherwise banal fact for equality. Bodies remind us of shared vulnerability, alerting us to the common experience of living as embodied beings in the same world. Examining the complex issue of body exceptionalism, the book demonstrates that treating the body as property makes human equality harder to comprehend.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document