Gifted Students' Motivation and its Impact on the Development of their Giftedness

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein SALEM MUBARAK BARABWD ◽  
Mohammad YUSOFF BIN MOHD NOR ◽  
Noriah Mohd Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Gifted Students ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phenomenological Method ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Verbal Praise ◽  
Intrinsic Motivations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Intrinsic And Extrinsic Motivations

The aim of the current study is to examine the intrinsic and extrinsic motivations of the gifted students from Hadhramout Gifted Center HGC in Yemen, and to investigate the impact of these intrinsic and extrinsic motivations on their giftedness development. A qualitative approach was adopted; data has been collected through an open- ended questionnaire that was prepared by the researcher and distributed among a sample of gifted students who were chosen purposively from HGC. The interpretative phenomenological method has been used to analyze the data using, Atlas ti. The results indicate that the majority of the participants consider it interesting to explore new things, and experience curiosity and desire to achieve their goals as their intrinsic motivations. Whereas, the minority consider preference to serve the community, competition preference and self-confidence as their intrinsic motivations. On the other hand, half of the participants consider rewards as their extrinsic motivation, whereas 40 % of them consider exams scores, verbal praise, parents and environment as their extrinsic motivations. Regarding the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations on the development of giftedness, the majority of the participants believe that intrinsic and extrinsic motivations affect positively the development of their giftedness development. Finally, based on the findings, some recommendations were provided. 

scholarly journals PRAKTIK BANK THITHIL DAN IMPLIKASINYA MENURUT PANDANGAN MASYARAKAT MUSLIM WILAYAH PERKAMPUNGAN BETHEK KOTA MALANG

IQTISHODUNA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnanda Aji Saputra ◽  
Multifiah Multifiah
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Phenomenological Method ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
Financial Organization ◽  
Urban Village ◽  
People’S Perception ◽  
Cultural Leaders ◽  
The Impact

The present study aimed at finding out various practices of Bank Thithil at Bethek Urban Village, Malang, along with the people’s perception and the impact of such practices towards the people’s welfare. Employing qualitative approach, this study focuses on the people’s perception, particularly those belonging to debtors trapped in Bank Thithil, such bank’s creditors, and some local cultural leaders, who lived at Bethek Urban Village, Malang. Data collection was carried out by interviews, observation and documentation. In analyzing the data, Miles Huberman’s analysis was employed which consisted of the following action: collection, reduction, display, and conclusion drawing supported by a phenomenological method which tried to capture and understand the reality. The result showed that Bank Thithil at Bethek Urban Village belonged to an informal financial organization as it was not a legal entity. As a consequence, the creditors may set rules of loan and sanctions without any reference to the legal law of financial organizations in Indonesia. The people’s perception towards Bank Thithil was various; some people felt fine with its practices because they need it and some another people strongly disagreed for some reasons, one is the prohibition on Islamic law.

scholarly journals AN INVESTIGATION ON CREATIVITY PERFORMANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF LEADERSHIP STYLES AND INDIVIDUAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 2980-2999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fikret SÖZBİLİR
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Charismatic Leadership ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Creative Performance ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Composite Reliability

Entrepreneurs are similar to leaders in terms of individual characteristics. At the same time, entrepreneurs who have high creative performance are considered as successful. This study aims to determine the impact of leadership styles (LS); democratic, managerial, and charismatic leadership on individual entrepreneurship perception’s (IEP) dimensions; planning, self-confidence, communication, motivation, and self-discipline, and impact of IEP’s dimensions on creativity performance (CP). In this empirical study, the data were collected from 286 entrepreneurs in Turkey. Data were analyzed using SmartPLS software and presented in tables. Internal consistency, composite reliability and convergent validity analyses results are sufficient. The findings showed that most of the LS’s dimensions have positive and significant impact on IEP’s dimensions. However, LS-Managerial hasn’t got a significant impact on Self-discipline dimension of IEP. LS’s all dimensions, except Charismatic, also have impact on CP. The other hand IEP’s dimensions have positive and significant impact on CP except Self-discipline.

scholarly journals Analysis of development of gifted students in elementary school

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Aldo Redho Syam ◽  
Syarifan Nurjan ◽  
Lilis Sumaryanti
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Gifted Students ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Validity Test ◽  
Average Ability ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Data Validity

This study aims to analyze development of gifted student’s elementary school at MI Pesantren Anak Sholeh Baitul Qur’an Gontor Ponorogo. This research uses a descriptive, qualitative approach. Data collection techniques using observation and interview techniques. Interviews were conducted with principals, teachers, guardians of students, and students. The data analysis technique was performed using an interactive model (Miles and Huberman), while the data validity test used data triangulation. The results show that the development of giftedness of student’s elementary school has been in line with the concept of the three rings of Renzulli, where the characteristics of gifted students at MI Pesantren Anak Sholeh Baitul Qur’an Gontor, including showing above-average ability, show commitment to the task. as enthusiasm, and involvement with a particular problem or area, self-confidence and desire, showing high creativity as fluency, flexibility, and authenticity in thinking, openness to experience, curiosity, and the courage to take steps.

scholarly journals Transformasi Industri Kreatif Batik Dalam Rangka Peningkatan Ketahanan Kerajinan Kain Batik (Studi di Dusun Giriloyo, Desa Wukirsari, Kecamatan Imogiri, Kabupaten Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta)

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Darto Wahidin
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Creative Industry ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Interactive Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Special Region

ABSTRACT This study aimed to described the transformation of the batik creative industry and identified the impact of the transformation of the batik creative industry in order to increased the resilience of batik fabric crafts in Giriloyo Hamlet, Wukirsari Village, Imogiri District, Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta.This type of research used a qualitative approach, the research design used was phenomenology. The determination of the informants in this study was carried out by means of a purposive sampling that was chosen with specific considerations and objectives. Data obtained from various sources namely, observation, in-depth interviews, documentation, and online studies. Data analysis in this study refered to the interactive analysis model proposed by Miles and Huberman.The results of this study found that the transformation that occurred in Giriloyo batik could be seen from the development of Giriloyo batik before and now that caused the transformation in the Giriloyo batik fabric craft. Forms of transformation that occured in the grip, motives, colors, marketing, and economics. During this time entrepreneurs and craftsmen in transforming the craft of batik cloth were facing various kinds of challenges. The results of transformation could be seen in the development of Giriloyo batik motifs and colors that had experienced combinations. The impact of the Giriloyo batik motif transformation on the resilience of batik fabric crafts could be seen from the increased production of batik fabrics and a more secure welfare. However, on the other hand there was pollution caused by the waste of the batik industry and the plagiarism of batik cloth. The strategy in increasing the resilience of Giriloyo batik fabric craft was carried out to faced the onslaught of batik originating from abroad, so that Giriloyo batik fabric craft could survive and be competitive.ABSTRAK             Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan transformasi industri kreatif batik dan mengidentifikasi dampak transformasi industri kreatif batik dalam rangka peningkatan ketahanan kerajinan kain batik di Dusun Giriloyo, Desa Wukirsari, Kecamatan Imogiri, Kabupaten Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.            Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, desain penelitian yang digunakan fenomenologi. Penentuan informan dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara purposive sampling yang dipilih dengan pertimbangan dan tujuan tertentu. Data diperoleh dari berbagai sumber, yakni observasi, wawancara mendalam, dokumentasi, dan studi online. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini mengacu pada model analisis interatif yang dikemukakan oleh Miles dan Huberman.Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa transformasi yang terjadi pada batik Giriloyo dapat dilihat dari perkembangan batik Giriloyo dulu dan sekarang yang menyebabkan terjadinya transformasi pada kerajinan kain batik Giriloyo. Bentuk transformasi yang terjadi pada pakem, motif, warna, pemasaran, dan ekonomi. Selama ini pengusaha dan perajin dalam mentransformasi kerajinan kain batik tersebut menghadapi berbagai macam tantangan. Hasil transformasi bisa dilihat pada pengembangan motif dan warna batik Giriloyo yang telah mengalami kombinasi. Dampak dari adanya transformasi motif batik Giriloyo terhadap ketahanan kerajinan kain batik dapat dilihat dari adanya peningkatan produksi kain batik dan kesejahteraan yang lebih terjamin. Namun, di sisi lain terjadinya pencemaran akibat limbah industri batik dan adanya penjiplakan kain batik tulis. Strategi dalam peningkatan ketahanan kerajinan kain batik Giriloyo dilakukan untuk menghadapi gempuran batik yang berasal dari luar negeri, agar kerajinankain batik Giriloyo tetap bertahan dan dapat bersaing.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Advertising Marketing in Print Media during the Covid 19 Pandemic in the Mandailing Natal Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 879-886
Author(s):  
Al Bara ◽  
Faisal Affandi ◽  
Ahmad Salman Farid ◽  
Datuk Imam Marzuki
Keyword(s):  
Print Media ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Effective Advertising ◽  
The Impact

This study explains how effective advertising marketing is in three print media in Mandailing Natal. Several print media such as the Waspada Daily, representatives of the Mandailing Natal bureau and Mohganews, stated that the impact of the Covid 19 outbreak on the effectiveness of advertisements in the print media mentioned above. On the other hand, the print media Madina Post revealed that the Covid 19 pandemic had little impact on the advertisements served through the advertising column in its print media. This study uses the principles of a qualitative approach, using the SOR theory as an acronym for Stimulus-Organism-Response which has an impact on the Covid 19 pandemic outbreak. Namely, humans whose souls include components; attitudes, opinions, behavior, cognition and conation.

scholarly journals Editors Message and Referees Index

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Huseyin Uzunboylu ◽  
Cigdem Hursen
Keyword(s):  
Science Teachers ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Gifted Students ◽  
Metacognitive Awareness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Educational Sciences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

From the EditorsHuseyin Uzunboylu, Cigdem HursenIt is an honor for us to welcome you as Editors of Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences which has accepted publications indexed in qualified databases since 2006. We are ready to publish the new studies of Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences which has 5 full length articles written by authors from, Cyprus, Iran and Turkey.The aim of this issue is to give the researchers an opportunity to share their academic studies. First of all, I would like to thank all who have contributed to this issue. There are different focuses. For example, Cihat Demir, Burhan Sincar and Rıdvan Çelik explored to specify the matters encountered by science teachers during the teaching of physics and to provide them with solutions. The study group consisted of 50 science teachers who worked in Diyarbakır and Batman over the period of 2014 - 2015. This research is a descriptive study carried out by content analysis. According to the research findings, the top problems that the physics teachers encountered in physics lesson while processing the topics were laboratory problems. Some solutions have been introduced for science teachers in order to help them provide a better physics education.On the other hand, Parisa Abdolrezapour and Elahe Fallah explored the effect of reflective teaching on learner autonomy and the intrinsic motivation of Iranian upper-intermediate female learners. The subjects included 60 adult upper-intermediate EFL learners chosen out of ninety, based on the scores obtained through administration of the TOEFL exam. They were randomly assigned to two groups: a) the experimental group - taught by a reflective teacher - and b) the control group instructed by an unreflective teacher. The experimental group was then taught by the reflective teacher and the control group was taught by the unreflective teacher who adopted no tangible reflective actions. Finally, both groups sat for motivation and autonomy questionnaires. The results indicate that reflective teaching leads to the enhancement of both learners’ autonomy and the intrinsic motivation level.In addition to these, Nazım Kaşot and Serap Özbaş aimed in their study to assess the egoistic, altruistic and biospheric awareness of the consequence of high school students regarding the loss of bio-diversity, then comparing the results on the basis of some independent variables (gender, class and family income). According to the outcome of the research, students believed in biospheric, egoistic and altruistic results at the similar levels. While the impact of gender and family income on biospheric, altruistic and egoistic awareness of consequence is not so significant, the impact of class is significant on biospheric and altruistic awareness of consequence.Also Nazım Kaşot and Mete Özsezer studied historical environment subjects in elementary school social sciences textbooks.  They focused on the 4th and 5th Grades in the context of both content and visuals. The method of the study analysed has been organised in accordance with the qualitative research. The population was not indicated pursuant to qualitative research and so purposive sampling was implemented. The textbooks used were mainly selected from the afore-mentioned grades and classes. All the data collected were based on the textbooks used during the assessment process. The data was gathered in accordance with the document analysis technique and everything was analysed in detail. The categories used were generated after the authors performed analysis by utilising textbooks. To ensure the validity of the categories, literature scanning was undertaken and expert opinion was taken. The category definitions were written for public access. Finally, Hakan Sarıcam and Üzeyir Ogurlu carried out a study on gifted students. Authors examined the relationships between metacognitive awareness and maths anxiety in gifted students. The second aim was to compare with gifted and non-gifted students’ metacognitive awareness and maths anxiety levels. According to the findings; firstly, gifted students’ metacognitive awareness scores were higher than those of non-gifted students. On the other hand, non-gifted students’ maths anxiety levels were higher than those of gifted students. Secondly, there was negative correlation between metacognitive awareness and math anxiety.I would like to express my thanks to all authors preferring Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences to make their articles published, all reviewers working seriously in the process of publishing, and also quest editors supporting us in this process.Best regards,Prof. Dr. Huseyin Uzunboylu, Editor-in-ChiefAssist. Prof. Dr. Cigdem Hursen, Executive Editor 

scholarly journals The Impact of Motivation on the Academic Performance of University Students: أثر التحفيز على الأداء الأكاديمي لطلبة الجامعة

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 113-103
Author(s):  
Raihanah Ali Dokhykh Raihanah Ali Dokhykh
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
University Students ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Intrinsic And Extrinsic Motivations

This study evaluates how motivation influences the academic performances of university students. The sample includes 400 higher education students attending different universities in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire was the data gathering method that was chosen by the researcher to complete this study. The study reveals that both intrinsic and extrinsic motivations positively impact the academic performance of students. Academic performance increased by a percentage increase of between 23% and 34 %. Overall, the model showed a significant jump (p<0,05). The researcher found that the individual elements associated with extrinsic motivation -- rejection of alternative options: increase by 17%; career and qualifications: increase by 9%; social enjoyment: increase by 7%; social pressure: increase by 4%. The researcher also found that both intrinsic and extrinsic motivations are critical elements in the academic success of students and student's performances that tend to consistently fluctuate between good and average/poor. Their performance seems to be guided by the presence of an external reward. Further studies are needed to determine if intrinsically motivated students can be further motivated. 

scholarly journals ESTUDO SOBRE AS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DO HIPERTEXTO PARA PROMOÇÃO DO LETRAMENTO LITERÁRIO DE ALUNOS DO ENSINO TÉCNICO DE NÍVEL MÉDIO

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Kress
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Literary Reading ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Digital Edition ◽  
Collective Construction ◽  
The Impact

O artigo se inscreve no rol de investigações que privilegiam a abordagem qualitativa dos fenômenos educacionais. Nele, busca-se responder qual o impacto da utilização de estratégias de construção do hipertexto em ambiente virtual na formação de leitores competentes de textos literários canônicos por meio de uma pesquisa-ação, conforme Thiollent (1997). A concepção de leitura literária, segundo Santos (2009), serve para o entendimento de que o leitor não é um ser passivo na leitura da obra, trabalhando para significar o texto que ele tem em mãos, a partir de suas experiências de vida. Do outro lado, busca-se trabalhar com a acepção do hipertexto, conforme Ribeiro (2011), entre outros, e sua conexão a ideia de agência (Snyder, 2002). Os dados foram obtidos por meio de questionários aplicados a alunos do ensino técnico de nível médio oferecido pelo CEFET-MG no campus Varginha, quando da construção coletiva de uma edição digital da obra Triste Fim de Policarpo Quaresma, de Lima Barreto.Abstract:The article is part of a series of investigations that favor the qualitative approach of educational phenomena. In this paper, we attempt to answer the impact of the use of strategies of hypertext construction in virtual environments in order to form readers of canonical literary texts through an action research. The conception of literary reading is used to understand that the reader is not a passive being in the act of reading, and that he signifies the text he has at hand from his life experiences. On the other hand, we work with the conception of hypertext and its connection to the idea of agency. The data were obtained through questionnaires applied to secondary technical education students offered by CEFET-MG on the Varginha campus, during the collective construction of a digital edition of “Triste Fim de Policarpo Quaresma”, by Lima Barreto.

scholarly journals PERKEMBANGAN KECERDASAN INTRAPERSONAL ANAK USIA DINI KELOMPOK B TK NEGERI PEMBINA KOTO BARU KECAMATAN KUBUNG KABUPATEN SOLOK

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Nidia Angela ◽  
Edi Hendri Mulyana ◽  
Dadan Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Intrapersonal Intelligence ◽  
Group B ◽  
Intelligence Development ◽  
Descriptive Method

ABSTRACT Some professional studies show that intrapersonal intelligence is one  of the important intelligenceswhichto be owned and developed for the students besidethe other intelligences. Considering the importance of it, the education world should be aware about the importance of intrapersonal intelligence besides the other intelligences. The purpose of this study is to find out the intrapersonal intelligence development of children at  Group B Pembina state kinderkarten Koto Baru Kubung district Solok regency. And to know the intrapersonal intelligence  development of children in the self-discipline aspect, self-confidence, responsibility, expressing activities and capability to improve themselves. By using purposive sampling technique obtained data to be studied there are 15 child. The method of this research is descriptive method with qualitative approach. After analyzing the collected data, it shows that the intrapersonal intelligence development of children at  group B Pembina state kinderkarten Koto Baru Kubung district Solok Regency is very good development level (BSB), because, from 15 researched childrens there are 8 childrens who achieve very good development (BSB), 5 children who achieve according to the expectations development (BSH), and 2 children with achievement levels began to grow (MB). ABSTRAK Berbagai kajian para ahli menunjukkan bahwa kecerdasan intrapersonal merupakan suatu bentuk kecerdasan yang penting dimiliki dan dikembangkan pada diri peserta didik disamping kecerdasan lainnya. Mengingat pentingnya hal tersebut, dunia pendidikan ini harus menyadari akan pentingnya kecerdasan intrapersonal disamping kecerdasan yang lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perkembangan kecerasan intrapersonal anak kelompok B TK Negeri Pembina Koto Baru Kecamatan Kubung Kabupaten Solok. Dan untuk mengetahui perkembangan kecerdasan intrapersonal anak dalam aspek mandiri, disiplin, percaya diri, tanggungjawab, mangekspresikan kegiatan dan mampu memperbaiki diri.  Dengan menggunakan teknik puposive sampling didapatkan data yang akan diteliti ada 15 orang anak. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Setelah dilakukan analisis terhadap data yang terkumpul diketahui bahwa perkembangan kecerdasan intrapersonal anak kelompok B TK Negeri Pembina Koto Baru berada pada tingkat pencapaian berkembang sangat baik (BSB), kerena dari 15 orang anak yang diteliti terdapat 8 orang anak yang berada pada tingkat pencapaian berkembang sangat baik (BSB), 5 orang anak yang berada pada tingkat pencapaian berkembang sesuai harapan (BSH), dan 2 orang anak dengan tingkat pencapaian mulai berkembang (MB).

scholarly journals GOAL ORIENTATION ATLET DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 416
Author(s):  
Sitti Fathimah Herdarina Darsim ◽  
Retno Hanggarani Ninin
Keyword(s):  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Motivational Orientation ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Mastery Goal Orientation ◽  
Mastery Goal ◽  
Interview Technique ◽  
The Impact

Goal orientation is a motivational orientation that can affect the way individuals pursue their goals and competencies in achieving those goals. Goal orientation is one of the psychological aspects that can have an impact due to the current pandemic situation. Athletes must do independent training, even though they are in preparation for the championship. This study aims to know the athletes goal orientation during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study uses a qualitative approach. Participants have the following criteria: (1) Athletes who play an active role in one sport for at least 5 years and (2) are facing the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in the form of having to do independent training. Participants in this study amounted to 3 people with the details of 1 taekwondo athlete, 1 jujitsu athlete, and 1 fencing athlete. Data is collected by interview technique. The finding fact is divided into several categories and labeled with special terms. After that, the facts found were interpreted. The results showed that the goal orientation in three subjects is dominated by Mastery Goal Orientation (MGO). They try to develop skills and competencies to compete via the internet by their own initiative. Moreover, one of the athletes, Y showed Performance Approach Goal Orientation (PAPGO), an extrinsic motivation to get an appraisal or avoid punishment from the coach. Goal orientation merupakan orientasi motivasi yang dapat mempengaruhi cara individu dalam mengejar tujuan dan kompetensi mereka dalam mencapai tujuan tersebut. Goal orientation menjadi salah satu aspek psikologis yang dapat terdampak akibat situasi pandemi saat ini. Para atlet harus melakukan latihan mandiri, padahal mereka sedang dalam persiapan untuk menghadapi kejuaraan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran goal orientation atlet di masa pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Partisipan memiliki kriteria: (1) Atlet yang berperan aktif pada satu cabang olahraga selama minimal 5 tahun dan (2) sedang menghadapi dampak pandemi Covid-19 dalam bentuk keharusan melakukan latihan mandiri. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 3 orang dengan rincian 1 orang atlet taekwondo, 1 orang atlet jujitsu, dan 1 orang atlet anggar. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara. Fakta temuan dibagi ke dalam beberapa kategori dan dilabeli dengan istilah khusus. Setelah itu, fakta yang ditemukan dimaknai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa goal orientation pada ketiga subjek didominasi oleh Mastery Goal Orientation (MGO). Mereka berusaha mengembangkan keterampilan dan kompetensi untuk bertanding melalui melalui internet dengan inisiatif sendiri. Selain itu, ditemukan Performance Approach Goal Orientation (PAPGO) pada seorang subjek yang mengorientasikan latihannya untuk mendapatkan penilaian atau menghindari hukuman dari pelatih.

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