scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF VARIOUS METHODS FOR MANAGING THE CROP YIELD OF BAY MEADOWS IN THE KOMI REPUBLIC

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
A. Iu. Lobanov ◽  
A. G. Tulinov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Energy Coefficient ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Biological Situation

Natural hayfields in floodplain meadows are seen as a source of high quality forage for animal husbandry. Due to annual silt and plant seed load, these agrocenoses are able to support themselves and self-repair. However, intensive use depletes them. Thus, the average hay yield decreses from 3.5-4.0 to 1.2-1.5 t/ha. The return of some elements of mineral nutrition, as well as the use of various microfertilizers and growth stimulators should bring the yield of floodplain meadows back to the level of natural biological situation. Sysola and Vycheda vareties with application of mineral fertilizers (R45К45+N30 and R45К45), two types of microfertilizers (boron and molybdenum), three growth stimulators (Verva, Epin-extra, Gumat) and two specimens on the basis of pectin polysaccharides with stimulating effect (PAo and HSw) were developed at the Institute of Biotechnologies in Agriculture of Komi FIC NTs UD RAS (Komi Republic, Syktyvkar) and tested in floodplain meadows of the river. The authors explored various combinations of these options. The experiment was conducted at three pilot sites in 2008-2010; 2013-2015 and 2016-2018. As a result of the research, it was found out that floodplain meadows intensively used as hayfields are most in need of replenishment with phosphorus and potassium. Application of various microelements and growth stimulators in the pure form increased yields by 30-40 % with a comparable energy coefficient and lower energy intensity of feed. The most effective method was the variant with application of Verva specimen together with the full dose of mineral fertilizers. This method increased the yield by 2 times, provided the maximum yield of forage units - 1.5-2.3 thousand / ha. At the same time, the energy intensity of forage was 20% lower than in the control variant.

scholarly journals SEED PRODUCTION OF VARIETIES OF SPRING RAPE DEPENDING ON THE DOSES OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE MIDDLE URALS

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Алена Мокрушина ◽  
Alena Mokrushina ◽  
Анастасия Богатырева ◽  
Anastasiya Bogatyreva ◽  
Эльмарт Акманаев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Plant Safety ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Spring Rape

The article presents the results of two-factor field experience on the influence of mineral fertilizers on the seed productivity of spring rape varieties Ratnik and hybrid Smilla. The studies carried out in 2016-2018 on sod-mezopodzol loam soil training and research experimental fields of the Perm GATU. The positive effect of increasing doses of nitrogen fertilizers, as well as their complex application with phosphorus and potassium on the yield and elements of the yield structure was noted at both sites. Each subsequent increase in the dose of nitrogen in accordance with the scheme of experience led to a significant increase in productivity. The introduction of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers increased the yield of all options in comparison with similar options without their use. The highest yield is typical for the hybrid Smilla (2.95 t/ha), for Ratnik variety the maximum yield was 2.32 t/ha. Hybrid Smilla is more responsive to the use of high doses of mineral fertilizers, its use is preferable in a high culture of agriculture. The introduction of increasing doses of nitrogen fertilizers has led to increased plant safety during the growing season. The maximum number of plants to be harvested was observed when applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizers and nitrogen in doses of 60 kg/ha.the use of complex mineral nutrition led to an increase in the number of plants to be harvested than in similar variants with the introduction of only nitrogen. Leaf diagnostics revealed that the lack of nitrogen is typical for options without fertilizers. Nitrogen application of 120 kg/ha, as well as 90 kg/ha on the phosphorus-potassium background provided a sufficient amount of nitrogen. The maximum dose of N120P60K60 led to excessive accumulation of nitrates in the plant. According to the provision of plants with phosphorus and potassium, a similar pattern was observed: when making a phosphorus-potassium background, the need for these nutrients was absent, and without the use of these fertilizers, plants had a weak need for them. Mineral fertilizers had a positive effect on the number of pods and the weight of 1000 seeds. The maximum values of these indicators are noted when the largest doses of nitrogen and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are applied.

scholarly journals “Nanosilicon” and productivity of corn for grain under the conditions of the central zone of the Krasnodar region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Mnatsakanyan ◽  
◽  
G.V. Chuvarleeva ◽  
A.S. Volkova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Pure Silicon ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Krasnodar Region ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

This article describes the effect of various doses of mineral fertilizers with trace elements based on pure silicon – “Nanosilicon” on corn plants. It is important to point out that new and perfect varieties are created every year, although, without the use of fertilizers, they will not be able to give the maximum yield. The main nutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, often forgetting silicon, even though it also plays an important role in growth and development, as well as in the crop yield; in this research, we studied corn in the central zone of the Krasnodar Territory. Fertilizer “Nanosilicon” increased the height of corn plants by an average of 17 cm or 9.9 %; wet weight by 100.4 g/plant or 17.5 %; yield, as one of the main indicators, by 7.68 kg/ha or 15.4 %.

The strawberry yield and the contents of the main macronutrients in the soil of plantations with different fertilizer and drip irrigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
L. V. Pomyaksheva ◽  
S. N. Konovalov ◽  
A. V. Kelina
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The purpose of research was to determine the optimal method of applying mineral fertilizers with drip irrigation in strawberry plantations and the level of available forms of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in sod-podzolic mediumloam soil. The studies were carried out on strawberries of Honeyoe and Troitskaya varieties, the experiment was two-factor, the replicates were isolated. The determination of NPK in soil and pH were performed according to the generally accepted recommendations for sod-podzolic soils. Weather conditions during the years of research were sufficiently diverse and determined the irrigation rates of plantings. The results showed that the maximum yield of strawberries (13.3 t / ha) is possible with combined fertilization in reserve and with fertigation, but with fertigation, the yield is stable and varies least of all. The highest content of alkaline hydrolysable-nitrogen and plant-available potassium in the average over the years of research was observed in the variant with fertilization in reserve. It has been established that the most optimal way to fertilize strawberries with drip irrigation is a combined application. Drip irrigation accelerates the mineralization of organic nitrogen. Doses of mineral fertilizers should be increased with the age of plantings, while taking into account the level of basic macronutrients in the soil.

scholarly journals The effect of mineral fertilizers and liming on the properties of sod-podzolic soils and the productivity of legume-grass mixture in the conditions of the Komi Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-392
Author(s):  
N. T. Chebotaryov ◽  
O. V. Brovarova
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

The research was carried out in 1998-2018 in the conditions of the Komi Republic. Under study was the effectiveness of single application (1983) of lime doses (1.0; 2.0; 2.5 h. a.) and the systematic use of mineral fertilizers (N60P75K75) against the background of lime effect in the cultivation of perennial grass mixtures (meadow clover, meadow timothy and cocksfoot). High efficiency was shown by liming at doses of 2.0 and 2.5 h. a., the effect remained for 35 years since their introduction to the soil. Thus, in 2018, the exchange acidity was 4.5-4.8 pHKCl (the initial 4.1-4.2 pHKCl). A similar decrease was observed in the hydrolytic acidity and the content of exchangeable aluminum in the soil. The amount of humus by 2018 increased to 1.7-1.8 % (the initial 1.4-1.5 %). The average yield of perennial grasses during soil liming at doses of 2.0 and 2.5 h .a. was 24.0-25.1 t/ha of green mass (5.3-5.5 t/ha of good quality dry matter), which is 52.8-59.8 % higher than the variant without fertilizers (15.7 green mass and 3.7 t/ha of dry matter). In the variant with the systematic use of NPK, the exchange acid content of the soil and the humus content remained at the initial level, the amount of the mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium increased to 198 and 121 mg/kg of soil (the initial 42 and 62 mg/kg). The average annual yield of grasses was 25.3 t/ha of green mass (5.4 t/ha dry matter) and was 61.1 and 45.9 % higher than the control. Against the background of the aftereffect of lime flour, the effect of NPK on soil properties was similar to the effect of non-fertilizing cultivation, with the exception of a significant increase in the availability of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium – up to 254-288 and 148-166 mg/kg, respectively. A high yield of green mass of 28.1-30.7 t/ha (6.4-6.7 t/ha dry matter) was obtained, exceeding the control by 78.9-95.5 %. In these variants, grass mixture of high quality was obtained: the content of crude protein – 13.8-13.9 %; dry matter – 21.8-21.9 %; the content of total phosphorus – 0.92-0.94 %; potassium – 2.93-2.95 % and calcium – 0.79-0.81 %. The amount of nitrates in the feed did not exceed the MPC (147-149 mg/kg dry matter). Long-term studies on sod-podzolic poorly cultivated soil showed that the optimal method for the cultivation of long-term legume-cereal grass mixture was the use of lime flour (2.0 and 2.5 h .a.) and the annual use of N60P75K75.

PROSPECTS OF OBTAINING ALTERNATIVE FUEL FROM VARIOUS BIOMASS AND WASTE SPECIES IN AZERBAIJAN

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-41
Author(s):  
O. M. Salamov ◽  
F. F. Aliyev
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Gaseous Fuels

The paper discusses the possibility of obtaining liquid and gaseous fuels from different types of biomass (BM) and combustible solid waste (CSW) of various origins. The available world reserves of traditional types of fuel are analyzed and a number of environmental shortcomings that created during their use are indicated. The tables present the data on the conditional calorific value (CCV) of the main traditional and alternative types of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels which compared with CCV of various types of BM and CSW. Possible methods for utilization of BM and CSW are analyzed, as well as the methods for converting them into alternative types of fuel, especially into combustible gases.Reliable information is given on the available oil and gas reserves in Azerbaijan. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the currently available oil reserves of Azerbaijan can completely dry out after 33.5 years, and gas reserves–after 117 years, without taking into account the growth rates of the exported part of these fuels to European countries. In order to fix this situation, first of all it is necessary to use as much as possible alternative and renewable energy sources, especially wind power plants (WPP) and solar photovoltaic energy sources (SFES) in the energy sector of the republic. Azerbaijan has large reserves of solar and wind energy. In addition, all regions of the country have large reserves of BM, and in the big cities, especially in industrial ones, there are CSW from which through pyrolysis and gasification is possible to obtain a high-quality combustible gas mixture, comprising: H2 + CO + CH4, with the least amount of harmful waste. The remains of the reaction of thermochemical decomposition of BM and CSW to combustible gases can also be used as mineral fertilizers in agriculture. The available and projected resources of Azerbaijan for the BM and the CSW are given, as well as their assumed energy intensity in the energy sector of the republic.Given the high energy intensity of the pyrolysis and gasification of the BM and CSW, at the present time for carrying out these reactions, the high-temperature solar installations with limited power are used as energy sources, and further preference is given to the use of WPP and SFES on industrial scale.

Potato cultivation on soddy-podzolic soil of feeding crop rotation in the Komi Republic

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Н.Т. Чеботарев ◽  
Н.Н. Шергина
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Combined Use

Пахотные угодья Республики Коми в основном представлены дерново-подзолистыми почвами с низким естественным плодородием, которые без применения удобрений быстро подвергаются деградационным процессам, что резко снижает их продуктивность. Цель исследований: оценка эффективности долговременного применения органических и минеральных удобрений при выращивании картофеля в кормовом севообороте в условиях Республики Коми. Методической основой выполнения работ были комплексные исследования дерново-подзолистых почв, клубней картофеля на участках многолетнего полевого эксперимента, заложенного на землях Института агробиотехнологий ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН в соответствии с «Методическими указаниями географической сети опытов с удобрениями». Длительный период исследований (более 40 лет) характеризовался различными климатическими условиями, которые отразились на количестве урожая и качестве клубней картофеля. Было проведено 7 ротаций (14 лет) с выращиванием картофеля. Вносили органические удобрения – торфонавозный компост (ТНК) в дозах 40 и 80 т/га (1 и 2 фон, соответственно) под картофель и минеральные удобрения – NPК в дозах 1/3; 1/2 и 1 для восполнения выноса растениями элементов питания. Установлено положительное влияние комплексного применения органических и минеральных удобрений на урожайность и качество картофеля, а также на плодородие дерново-подзолистой легкосуглинистой среднеокультуренной почвы в кормовом севообороте в почвенно-климатических условиях Республики Коми. В результате применения шестипольного севооборота и комплексного внесения удобрений с 1978 года к 2019 году в почвах снизилась обменная и гидролитическая кислотность; повысилось содержание гумуса на 0,5% (в контроле); на 0,2–0,5% (с тремя дозами минеральных удобрений); на 0,3–1,1% (с ТНК); на 0,2–1,6% (при совместном применении органических и минеральных удобрений). Наибольшие урожаи картофеля получены при совместном применении органических (80 т/га) и минеральных удобрений (1 NPК) и составили 37,1 т/га клубней (8,5 тыс/га кормовых единиц). При таком соотношении удобрений показано высокое качество клубней картофеля: содержание крахмала 15,5%, витамина С – 19,4 мг%, сырого протеина – 14,1%. Количество нитратного азота не превышало ПДК (ПДК 250 мг.с.м.). Экономические расчеты показали, что при внесении ТНК 40 т/га + 1 NPК в дерново-подзолистые почвы с.-х. использования в среднетаежной зоне Республики Коми при выращивании картофеля, условный чистый доход составит 68,4 тыс. р. с 1 га, себестоимость 1 т картофеля – 2,8 тыс. р., рентабельность 188,7%. The arable land of the Republic of Komi is mainly represented by dern-sub-ground soils with low natural fertility, which without the use of fertilizers are quickly subjected to degradation processes, which dramatically reduces their productivity. The aim of the research is to evaluate the efficiency of long-term use of organic and mineral fertilizers in the growing of potatoes in feed crop rotation in the conditions of the Komi Republic. The methodological basis for carrying out the works was comprehensive studies of dern-subhead soils, potato tubers on the sites of a multi-year field experiment laid on the lands of the Institute of Agrobiotechnology of the FRC Komi SC UB RAS in accordance with the «Methodological Instructions of the Geographical Network of Experiments with Fertilizers». A long period of research (more than 40 years) was characterized by different climatic conditions, which affected the number of crops and the quality of potato tubers. There were 7 rotations (14 years) with potato cultivation. Organic fertilizers – peat-avous compost (TNK) in doses of 40 and 80 t/ha (1 and 2 background, respectively) for potatoes and mineral fertilizers – NPK in doses of 1/3; 1/2 and 1 to replenish the carry-out of food elements by plants. The positive effect of the integrated use of organic and mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of potatoes, as well as on the fertility of soddy-podzolic light loamy medium cultivated soil in fodder crop rotation in the soil and climatic conditions of the Komi Republic, has been established. As a result of the use of six-bed crop rotation and the integrated application of fertilizers, metabolic and hydrolytic acidity decreased in soils from 1978 to 2019; humus content increased by 0.5% (in control); 0.2–0.5% (with three doses of mineral fertilizers); 0.3–1.1% (with TNCs); 0.2–1.6% (with combined use of organic and mineral fertilizers). The largest potato yields were obtained from the combined use of organic (80 t/ha) and mineral fertilizers (1 NPK) and amounted to 37.1 t/ha tubers (8.5 thousand/ha feed units). The largest potato harvests were obtained with the combined use of organic (80 t/ha) and mineral fertilizers (1 NPK) and amounted to 37.1 t/ha of tubers (8.5 thousand/ha of feed units). With this ratio of fertilizers, the high quality of potato tubers was also determined: the starch content was 15.5%, vitamin C – 19.4 mg%, crude protein – 14.1%. The amount of nitrate nitrogen did not exceed the MPC (MPC 250 mg.s.m.). Economic calculations showed that if TNK is added 40 t/ha 1 NPK to the dern-sub-ground soils of agricultural use in the medium-sized zone of the Komi Republic when growing potatoes, the conditional net income will be 68.4 thousand rubles from 1 ha, the cost of 1 t of potatoes – 2.8 thousand rubles, profitability 188.7%.

TRANSFORMATION FEATURES OF THE DRAINED PEAT-PODZOL GLEY SOILS UNDER LONG-TERM AGRICULTURAL USE

1970 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
V. А. Shevchenko ◽  
A. V. Nefedov ◽  
A. V. Ilinskiy ◽  
А. Е. Morozov
Keyword(s):  
Humus Horizon ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Peat Layer ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mineralization Processes ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Plough Layer

Long-term observations of the drained soil of peat-podzolic-gley light loam on ancient alluvial sands state on the example of the meliorative object "Tinky-2" showed that under the influence of agricultural use in the soil, the organic matter mineralization processes are accelerated. During the drainage process, the soil evolutionarily suffered the following changes: the peat layer was compacted, humified and mineralized, which was a reason of the transformation them into the humus horizon. Based on the monitoring studies results it was established that during 21 intensive use years the peat layer thickness was decreased by 74.5% and amounted to 5.51 inch, which in the following 20 years was decreased to a layer of 1.18 inch, and for another 14 years it became a homogeneous humus horizon containing difficulty identifiable plant remains. For half a century, the bulk density increased by 6 times and the total moisture capacity of the soil decreased by 3.6 times. Other indicators were changed significantly. So, the ash content by 2016 increased from 11.2% to 52.7%. It was a reason of the plough-layer decreasing and it mixes with the mineral sand horizon during plowing. It should also be noted that the total nitrogen content in the soil decreased by 1.13%, and total carbon by 15.3% from 1982 to 2016. The dynamics of changes in the soil acidity, phosphorus and potassium content is associated with the introduction of calcareous, organic and mineral fertilizers in the 1980s. The unsystematic exploitation of such soils leads to decrease in the agricultural products productivity and increase in energy costs. When planning these soils usage in agricultural production, it is necessary to develop and implement modern melioration technologies and techniques aimed to increase soil fertility.

The effect of long-term fertilization on forage crop productivity and quality in the North

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.Т. Чеботарёв ◽  
Н.Н. Шергина
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
The Impact

В условиях Республики Коми в полевом стационарном опыте на дерново-подзолистой легкосуглинистой почве изучена эффективность различных доз органических и минеральных удобрений, а также совместного их применения. Исследования проводили в 1978–2019 годах на опытных полях Института агробиотехнологий ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН. Целью проводимых исследований было изучение влияния комплексного применения удобрений на продуктивность и качество кормовых культур в шестипольном севообороте. Кормовой севооборот имел следующее чередование культур: картофель, викоовсяная смесь с подсевом многолетних трав, многолетние травы 1 г.п., многолетние травы 2 г.п., викоовсяная смесь, картофель. В результате научных исследований (более 40 лет) установлено, что наиболее эффективной была органоминеральная система удобрений, особенно при внесении 80 т/га торфонавозного компоста (ТНК) и минеральных удобрений. Многолетние исследования показали, что наиболее значительные урожаи кормовых культур (в среднем за три ротации) получены при использовании 80 т/га ТНК и NPK: однолетних трав — 4,4 т/га; многолетних трав — 6,2 и картофеля — 7,1 т/га сухого вещества высокого качества. Содержание сухого вещества в клубнях картофеля в вариантах с NPK составило 18,0–18,8%, на органическом фоне — 18,4–18,9 и при комплексном применении удобрений — 17,1–17,7; в контроле — 19,6%. Количество крахмала в картофеле незначительно различалось по вариантам опыта и равнялось 12,6–13,1%. Содержание нитратов не превышало ПДК (250 мг/кг сырой массы). Количество сухого вещества в однолетних и многолетних травах изменялось незначительно и составляло 19,0–19,8 и 25,0–26,8% соответственно. Установлено, что удобрения способствовали повышению содержания сырого протеина в однолетних и многолетних травах до 13,1–15,0% (в контроле — 11,2%) и 8,8–10,6 % (в контроле — 8,1%) соответственно. The impact of various rates of organic and mineral fertilizers was analyzed in the Komi Republic on sod-podzolic soil with low loam content. The research took place at the Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology in 1978–2019. The goal was to test forage crop productivity and quality under fertilization and six-field crop rotation. Crop rotation happened as follows: potatoes, vetch-oat mixture overseeded by perennial grasses, first-year perennial grasses, second-year perennial grasses, vetch-oat mixture, potatoes. For 40 years the combination of mineral and organic fertilizers was the most effective. The highest yields for three rotations were observed under the application of 80 t ha-1 of peat-manure compost and NPK: annual grasses produced 4.4 t ha-1; perennial grasses — 6.2, and potatoes — 7.1 t ha-1 of high-quality dry matter (DM). Potato tubers accumulated 18.0–18.8% of DM under NPK application, 18.4–18.9 — under organic nutrition, 17.1–17.7 — when using complex fertilization, and 19.6% — in the control. Starch content varied within 12.6–13.1% in potatoes. Nitrate content did not exceed the maximum acceptable concentration (250 mg/kg of raw mass). DM concentrations amounted to 19.0–19.8 and 25.0–26.8% in annual and perennial grasses, respectively. Fertilization increased crude protein amount in annual and perennial grasses up to 13.1–15.0% (versus 11.2% in the control) and 8.8–10.6 % (versus 8.1%), respectively.

scholarly journals Impact of foliar fertilizing on the white mustard productivity in the northeastern Forest-Steppe of Ukaraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
A.V. Melnyk ◽  
S.V. Zherdetska ◽  
Shahid Ali ◽  
Gulam Shabir ◽  
S.O. Butenko
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Production Complex ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Training Research

The experimental studies were carried out on the fields of the Sumy NAU Training Research and Production Complex (TRPC) during 2016–2018.The soil of the experimental plot is typical deep-medium humus, large-dusty and medium-loam black soil on forest trees. The subject of the research was a white mustard variety of Oslava created at the Institute of Feed and Agriculture of the Podillya NAASU, entered in the Register of varieties suitable for cultivation in Ukraine in 2010. The aim of the research is to optimize the nutrition of the white mustard variety of Oslava through the complex application of mineral fertilizers and foliar fertilization under the conditions of the northeastern forest-steppe of Ukraine. The analysis of weather conditions, in particular the hydrothermal coefficient of Selyaninov (HTC), established that 2016 season was wet (HTC = 1.60), 2017 and 2018 were dry (HTC = 0.59 and 0.46). During the research, the cultivation technology was generally accepted in the experimental area, except for the elements studied. The results of the three-year study on the influence of foliar fertilizing under different mineral nutrition backgrounds on the yield of the white mustard variety Oslava are presented. It was found that the application of mineral fertilizers and complex fertilizers for the foliar feeding had a positive effect on the morphometric parameters of the white mustard, in particular, increased the plant height and the number of branches of the first order. The use of mineral fertilizers at the rate of N30P30K30 provided an increase in the yield by 0.34 t/ha, N60P60K60 – by 0.55 t/ha, N90P90K90 – by 0.61 t/ha on an average compared to the control. Therefore, for the maximum yield (2.14–2.21 t/ha) with a mass of 1000 seeds (5.39–5.54 g) of the white mustard under the conditions of the Northeastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, foliar fertilizing of Vuxal boron (3.0 l/ha) + Vuxal bioaminoplant 3.0 l/ha) and Spectrum B + Mo (2.0 l/ha) + Spectrum Ascorist (3.0 l/ha) should be applied on the background of N60-90P60-90K60-90, what provided an increase in the yield compared to the control of 0.58-0.65 t/ha.

scholarly journals Combined application of organomineral and mineral fertilizers in the fertilization system of winter wheat on the southern black soil of the Lower Don

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Artem Vladimirovich Ermilov ◽  
Roman Aleksandrovich Kamenev ◽  
Anatoly Petrovich Solodovnikov ◽  
Vladimir Nikolaevich Maksimchuk
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Fertilization System

The article presents an analysis of the determination of the effectiveness of mineral and organic fertilizers on the yield of winter wheat grain. The studies were carried out in 2017–2020 in the Rostov region on the southern chernozem. The object of research was the Doneko winter wheat variety. The predecessor is corn for grain. Ammonium nitrate, ANP fertilizer (16-16-16) and urea were used as mineral fertilizers, which were applied in the fertilization system of winter wheat and acted as a background option in the experimental scheme. ANP fertilizer (16-16-16) was introduced when sowing winter wheat, ammonium nitrate - scattered over thawed-frozen soil and carbamide in the heading phase by foliar method. Organomineral fertilizers were represented by the following types: Ruther, Leili 2000, Siamino Pro, Gumiful Pro, Soft Guard and Double Wine MKR (monocaliphosphate) produced by Biokepharm (Switzerland). The raw material for the production of organomineral fertilizers was the algae of the warm seas Laminaria. In the field experiment, the options for the joint application of foliar application and pre-sowing seed treatment with organomineral fertilizers were also studied. The control was the option without mineral fertilizers and the option with the background of the use of mineral fertilizers (farm fertilization system). It was found out that the use of organic fertilizers Ruter (0.5 or 0.25 l / t) and Leyli (0.25 l / t) for seed treatment before sowing, the use of Soft Guard (0.2 l / ha) and Gumiful Pro ( 0.2 l / ha) in the spring tillering phase and in the flag leaf phase against the background of sowing nitroammophoska at a dose of N32P32K32, random fertilizing on thawed-frozen soil with ammonium nitrate at a dose of N40 and the use of carbamide in the heading phase at a dose of N20 increased grain yield on average for 2018–2020 compared with the control (fertilization system of the farm) by 0.73 t / ha, or 23.0%. The maximum yield increase from the root-forming agent Ruther, used for pre-sowing seed treatment, reached 0.36 t / g, or 11.3%.  

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