scholarly journals THE ROLE OF GUT MICROBIOTA IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF OBESITY

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
V.A. Volovnikova ◽  
A.D. Kotrova ◽  
K.A. Ivanova ◽  
E.I. Ermolenko ◽  
A.N. Shishkin
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Normal Composition ◽  
Medicine Today ◽  
And Function

Obesity is a global epidemic of modern times and has serious health consequences, as it is a major risk factor for the development of chronic diseases such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis and its complications. The study of risk factors, pathogenetic mechanisms, as well as the search for new methods of treatment and prevention of this pathology is an important task of modern medicine. Today it is known that the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota play a certain role in the development of obesity and a number of metabolic disorders. One of the areas of prevention of early onset and development of these diseases may be the maintenance of a normal composition and correction of disorders of the intestinal ecosystem. In this review, the currently known interrelationships of changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota and obesity are reviewed, and studies have been analyzed to assess the composition of the adult intestinal microbiota in obesity. The presently available data on the correction of overweight and obesity by exposing the composition of the intestinal microbiota are presented.

Children have type 2 diabetes too: an historical perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather J. Dean ◽  
Elizabeth A.C. Sellers
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
End Stage

Prior to 1985, type 2 diabetes was a disease of adults. Simultaneously with the global epidemic of childhood obesity, type 2 diabetes has increased in children. Initially, the presentation of small case series of type 2 diabetes in children was met with skepticism. As the number and size of the case series grew and the first long-term outcomes of end-stage complications in young adults appeared in the literature, the international community took notice with guarded interest. Type 2 diabetes disproportionately affects the children of specific ethnic groups and from disadvantaged socioeconomic environments, especially Indigenous populations. The past decade has seen unprecedented intense global interest in the etiology, treatment, and prevention of type 2 diabetes in children.

scholarly journals A Triple Threat? The Role of Diet, Nutrition, and the Microbiota in T1D Pathogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma E. Hamilton-Williams ◽  
Graciela L. Lorca ◽  
Jill M. Norris ◽  
Jessica L. Dunne
Keyword(s):  
Beta Cell ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Islet Autoimmunity ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
And Function

In recent years the role of the intestinal microbiota in health and disease has come to the forefront of medical research. Alterations in the intestinal microbiota and several of its features have been linked to numerous diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D). To date, studies in animal models of T1D, as well as studies in human subjects, have linked several intestinal microbiota alterations with T1D pathogenesis. Features that are most often linked with T1D pathogenesis include decreased microbial diversity, the relative abundance of specific strains of individual microbes, and altered metabolite production. Alterations in these features as well as others have provided insight into T1D pathogenesis and shed light on the potential mechanism by which the microbiota plays a role in T1D pathogenesis, yet the underlying factors leading to these alterations remains unknown. One potential mechanism for alteration of the microbiota is through diet and nutrition. Previous studies have shown associations of diet with islet autoimmunity, but a direct contributing factor has yet to be identified. Diet, through introduction of antigens and alteration of the composition and function of the microbiota, may elicit the immune system to produce autoreactive responses that result in the destruction of the beta cells. Here, we review the evidence associating diet induced changes in the intestinal microbiota and their contribution to T1D pathogenesis. We further provide a roadmap for determining the effect of diet and other modifiable factors on the entire microbiota ecosystem, including its impact on both immune and beta cell function, as it relates to T1D. A greater understanding of the complex interactions between the intestinal microbiota and several interacting systems in the body (immune, intestinal integrity and function, metabolism, beta cell function, etc.) may provide scientifically rational approaches to prevent development of T1D and other childhood immune and allergic diseases and biomarkers to evaluate the efficacy of interventions.

scholarly journals Role of swasthavritta in preventing lifestyle disorders with reference to obesity.

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saiprasad Rathod
Keyword(s):  
Life Style ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Curative Effect ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
The World ◽  
Diet Pattern ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Day By Day

life style disorders are defined as the disorders linked with the way of people live their life. this is commonly caused by alcohol, drugs and smoking as well as lack of physical activity and unhealthy eating. Diseases that mostly have an effect on our lifestyle are the heart disease, stroke, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. overweight and obesity are the fifth leading risk of global death, worldwide obesity has more than doubled since 1980. In 2014, more than 1.9 million adult, 18 yrs. and older, were overweight, of these over 600 million men and women were obese. Due to faulty lifestyle and diet pattern the incidence of obesity is increasing day by day all over the world. according to Ayurveda obesity also known as sthoulya or medoroga. according to Ayurveda obesity can lead to many life style disorders. Ayurveda has a great importance to reduce risk of lifestyle disorders. There are so many concepts which will reduce the risk of life style disorders. Acc. To swasthavritta there are so many pathya aahar kalpna, various type of aasanas and yoga described thus, above factors has wonderful preventive and curative effect on obesity.

scholarly journals Inflammation in Obesity-Related Complications in Children: The Protective Effect of Diet and Its Potential Role as a Therapeutic Agent

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1324
Author(s):  
Valeria Calcaterra ◽  
Corrado Regalbuto ◽  
Debora Porri ◽  
Gloria Pelizzo ◽  
Emanuela Mazzon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Nutrition And Diet ◽  
Pediatric Overweight ◽  
Healthy Growth ◽  
The Impact

Obesity is a growing health problem in both children and adults, impairing physical and mental state and impacting health care system costs in both developed and developing countries. It is well-known that individuals with excessive weight gain frequently develop obesity-related complications, which are mainly known as Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and many other risk factors proven to be associated with chronic inflammation, causing disability and reduced life expectancy. This review aims to present and discuss complications related to inflammation in pediatric obesity, the critical role of nutrition and diet in obesity-comorbidity prevention and treatment, and the impact of lifestyle. Appropriate early dietary intervention for the management of pediatric overweight and obesity is recommended for overall healthy growth and prevention of comorbidities in adulthood.

Obesity: the modern view of a problem

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-338
Author(s):  
Evgenii E. Achkasov ◽  
S. I. Rapoport ◽  
S. D. Runenko ◽  
A. O. Razina
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Interdisciplinary Programs ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Quality Of Food ◽  
And Control

The article is a review of recent epidemiological observations concerning the prevalence of overweight and obesity in different countries among people of different gender, age. social and ethnic groups. It also presents and analyses health risks and comorbidities leading to disability and death as reported by domestic and foreign researchers. It was found that obesity has multifactorial pathogenesis directly related to energy balance, consumed and expended calories. The need of a multidisciplinary approach to the treatment and prevention of the disease is emphasized taking into consideration the influence of the environment and increasing urbanization on the development of the pathology as well as the role of government efforts to stimulate physical activity of the population in the framework of integral interdisciplinary programs and control over the quality of food. The priority areas for the correction of overweight include optimization of motor activity and diet correction.

scholarly journals Plasticizers and Cardiovascular Health: Role of Adipose Tissue Dysfunction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikyla A. Callaghan ◽  
Samuel Alatorre-Hinojosa ◽  
Liam T. Connors ◽  
Radha D. Singh ◽  
Jennifer A. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
And Function

Since the 1950s, the production of plastics has increased 200-fold, reaching 360 million tonnes in 2019. Plasticizers, additives that modify the flexibility and rigidity of the product, are ingested as they migrate into food and beverages. Human exposure is continuous and widespread; between 75 and 97% of urine samples contain detectable levels of bisphenols and phthalates, the most common plasticizers. Concern over the toxicity of plasticizers arose in the late 1990s, largely focused around adverse developmental and reproductive effects. More recently, many studies have demonstrated that exposure to plasticizers increases the risk for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In the 2000s, many governments including Canada, the United States and European countries restricted the use of certain plasticizers in products targeted towards infants and children. Resultant consumer pressure motivated manufacturers to substitute plasticizers with analogues, which have been marketed as safe. However, data on the effects of these new substitutes are limited and data available to-date suggest that many exhibit similar properties to the chemicals they replaced. The adverse effects of plasticizers have largely been attributed to their endocrine disrupting properties, which modulate hormone signaling. Adipose tissue has been well-documented to be a target of the disrupting effects of both bisphenols and phthalates. Since adipose tissue function is a key determinant of cardiovascular health, adverse effects of plasticizers on adipocyte signaling and function may underlie their link to cardiovascular disease. Herein, we discuss the current evidence linking bisphenols and phthalates to obesity and CVD and consider how documented impacts of these plasticizers on adipocyte function may contribute to the development of CVD.

scholarly journals Mindfulness Meditation in Diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kalra
Keyword(s):  
Mindfulness Meditation ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Expert Interview ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
The Cost

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing worldwide, and the cost of managing this global epidemic is considerable, particularly in developing countries with poorer health care systems.1 There is, therefore, a need for a more holistic approach to diabetes management, which focuses on all aspects of diabetes, from managing blood glucose to addressing the emotional and social aspects of living with diabetes. In an expert interview, Sanjay Kalra of the Bharti Hospital, Karnal, India, discusses the role of mindfulness meditation (MM), which is the practice of working with concentrated awareness to live each moment fully, in the management of diabetes.

scholarly journals Intestinal microbiota during early life – impact on health and disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotta Nylund ◽  
Reetta Satokari ◽  
Seppo Salminen ◽  
Willem M. de Vos
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Life Impact ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

In the first years after birth, the intestinal microbiota develops rapidly both in diversity and complexity while being relatively stable in healthy adults. Different life-style-related factors as well as medical practices have an influence on the early-life intestinal colonisation. We address the impact of some of these factors on the consecutive microbiota development and later health. An overview is presented of the microbial colonisation steps and the role of the host in that process. Moreover, new early biomarkers are discussed with examples that include the association of microbiota and atopic diseases, the correlation of colic and early development and the impact of the use of antibiotics in early life. Our understanding of the development and function of the intestinal microbiota is constantly improving but the long-term influence of early-life microbiota on later life health deserves careful clinical studies.

scholarly journals Is Autism a Member of a Family of Diseases Resulting from Genetic/Cultural Mismatches? Implications for Treatment and Prevention

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Staci D. Bilbo ◽  
John P. Jones ◽  
William Parker
Keyword(s):  
Large Family ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Entire Family ◽  
Postindustrial Society ◽  
Typical Member ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Several lines of evidence support the view that autism is a typical member of a large family of immune-related, noninfectious, chronic diseases associated with postindustrial society. This family of diseases includes a wide range of inflammatory, allergic, and autoimmune diseases and results from consequences of genetic/culture mismatches which profoundly destabilize the immune system. Principle among these consequences is depletion of important components, particularly helminths, from the ecosystem of the human body, the human biome. Autism shares a wide range of features in common with this family of diseases, including the contribution of genetics/epigenetics, the identification of disease-inducing triggers, the apparent role of immunity in pathogenesis, high prevalence, complex etiologies and manifestations, and potentially some aspects of epidemiology. Fortunately, using available resources and technology, modern medicine has the potential to effectively reconstitute the human biome, thus treating or even avoiding altogether the consequences of genetic/cultural mismatches which underpin this entire family of disease. Thus, if indeed autism is an epidemic of postindustrial society associated with immune hypersensitivity, we can expect that the disease is readily preventable.

scholarly journals 既「儒」且「醫」：論「儒醫」融合儒學與中國醫學的角色

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (33) ◽  
pp. 061-108
Author(s):  
鄭中堅 鄭中堅
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Moral Cultivation ◽  
Role Integration ◽  
Yin And Yang ◽  
Common Principle ◽  
The Common ◽  
Medicine Today

<p>「儒醫」同時擁有儒學與醫學的素養是具儒家特質的醫學群體，惟儒學是修身治國的學問，中國醫學則是養生治病的醫術，兩者屬性不同，「儒醫」如何加以融合？本文論證兼具「儒」與「醫」角色的「儒醫」如何在思想層面上融合儒學與中國醫學，首先析論「儒醫」的特質有助於融合儒學與中國醫學，再分別就角色綜合與思想會通的觀點加以論述，認為「儒醫」係透過「仁學」思想融合儒者與醫者的角色；並以「和」作為核心概念，聯結儒學的「中和思想」與中國醫學的「陰陽調和」思維，提出「儒醫」的醫學觀是儒學修養論與中國醫學調養論的相互交融。結論除總結各段，並從「儒醫」視角批判現代醫學發展「醫療商業化」（medical commercialization）與「過度醫療」（excessive medical treatment）的現象。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>The Confucian physician at once embodies the common principle of self-cultivation shared by both the Confucian and medical communities. Both traditions are different; Confucianism being the only kind of political philosophy that emphasizes moral cultivation while Chinese medicine focuses on healing sickness, how may the Confucian physician integrate the two? </p> <p>This paper sets out to prove the critical role of the Confucian physician in philosophically integrating the two traditions.</p> <p>It will first analyze how the characteristics of the Confucian physician make the fusion of Confucianism and Chinese medicine possible, before distinguishing between the two processes of role integration as well as the synthesis of philosophical concepts and thus demonstrating that Confucian physicians call upon &ldquo;theories of benevolence&rdquo; to integrate Confucianism and medicine. With the concept of &ldquo;cohesive harmony&rdquo; at it&rsquo;s core, and by linking Confucianism&rsquo;s concept of &ldquo;Harmonization&rdquo; and Chinese medicine&rsquo;s &quot;Balancing of Yin and Yang&quot;, the Confucian physician&rsquo;s approach to medicine creates synergy between Confucianism&rsquo;s self-cultivation and Chinese Medicine&rsquo;s therapeutic nurturing.</p> <p>The summary will not only provide an overview of the argument, but will also apply the lens of the Confucian physician to critique the joint phenomena of commercialization and excessive treatment found in modern medicine today.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document