scholarly journals The interrelation between the structural, electronic and energy parameters of nitrogen inversion in ammonia derivatives

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-141
Author(s):  
Y.A. Chertykhina ◽  
◽  
O.S. Lebed ◽  
N.V. Kutsik-Savchenko ◽  
A.S. Lib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Atom ◽  
Transition States ◽  
Energy Parameters ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nitrogen Inversion ◽  
Lone Pairs ◽  
Relative Stabilization ◽  
Electronic Parameters ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Conformational Energies

The structural, electronic and energy parameters in the ground and transition states of inversion of the amines H2NXHn (XHn=CH3, NH2, OH, F, SiH3, PH2, SH, and Cl) have been calculated by using DFT (PBE96/def2-tzvpp) method. It was established that the increase of electronegativity of the substituents (the X atoms within the same period) leads to stabilization of the ground and transition states of the molecules. The increase in the inversion barriers is due to relative stabilization of the ground states, but not due to relative destabilization of the transition states. The inversion barriers rise with a decrease in conformational energies of the substituents, sums of valence angles at the nitrogen atoms, negative charges on them, energies of the nitrogen lone pairs and with an increase in s-character and population of the nitrogen lone pairs and difference between the energies of the nitrogen lone pairs in the ground and transition states. The main parameters that allow predicting the change of the nitrogen inversion barriers, independently of the type or volume of the XHn substituent, are s-character of the nitrogen lone pairs and difference between the energies of the nitrogen lone pairs. In all other cases, the correlations were found only for the amines containing the elements of the same period at the nitrogen atom. All structural and electronic parameters of amines containing the Х atoms from the second period are more sensitive to the changes of the ХНn substituents than the parameters of amines containing the Х atoms from the third period.

Pengaruh Pemberian Moringa oleifera Terhadap Kuantitas dan Kualitas Semen Sapi Peranakan Ongole

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Lukman Affandhy ◽  
Muchamad Luthfi ◽  
Dian Ratnawati ◽  
Frediansyah Firdaus
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
The Third ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Second Period

ABSTRAK  Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian bubuk daun Moringa oleifera (MO) terhadap kuantitas dan kualitas semen sapi peranakan ongole (PO). Metode penelitian menggunakan percobaan lapang dengan rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga perlakuan pemberian MO sebesar 0 kg/ekor/hari (P1); 0,05 kg/ekor/hari (P2) dan 0,1 kg/ekor/hari (P3). Analsis data menggunakan one way analysis of variance. Masing-masing perlakuan terdiri atas empat ekor dengan tiga periode pengamatan sebagai ulangan, yaitu periode pertama dan ketiga tanpa MO, dan periode kedua diberikan MO pada P2 dan P3. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa volume dan pH semen perlakuan P1, P2 dan P3 tidak berbeda semua periode pengamatan. Motilitas massa spermatozoa P2 dan P3 periode kedua dan ketiga menunjukan nilai +++ berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dibandingkan dengan P1 (++); motilitas individu  perlakuan P1 menunjukkan nilai terendah 60,56±2,94 % (P<0,05) dibandingkan P2 dan P3 pada periode kedua dan ketiga (75,50±2,29 dan 72,50±2,34%). Konsentrasi spermatozoa P2 dan P3 periode kedua dan ketiga menunjukkan rata-rata  >1.350 juta/ml berbeda nyata (P<0,05) daripada P1 (876±152juta/ml), sedangkan total spermatozoa motil menunjukkan nilai tertinggi 5.647±829 juta/ml pada P3 periode kedua.Viabilitas spermatozoa P2 dan P3 menunjukkan nilai >88-89 % beda nyata (P<0,05) daripada P1 (<84 %) pada periode kedua dan ketiga, sedangkan nilai abnormalitas spermatozoa yang terbaik adalah P2 sebesar 4,30% pada periode kedua dan P3 sebesar 5,33% pada periode ketiga. Disimpulkan pemberian bubuk daun MO dengan dosis 0,1 kg/ekor/hari dapat memperbaiki kuantitas dan kualitas semen (viabilitas dan total spermatozoa motil) sapi pejantan PO.Kata kunci:  kuantitas dan kualitas semen, Moringa oleifera, sapi pejantan ABSTRACTThe research aimed to determine the effect of Moringa oleifera (MO) leaf powder on the quantity and quality of semen of ongole crossbreed. The research method used was a field experiment with a completely randomized design with three treatments giving MO of 0 kg/head/day (P1); 0.05 kg/head/day (P2) and 0.1 kg/head/day (P3). Each treatment consisted of four heads with three periods of observation as replications, namely the first and third periods without MO, and the second period was given MO on P2 and P3. Data analysis used a one-way analysis of variance. The results showed that the volume and pH of semen treated P1, P2, and P3 didn’t different in all observation periods. The second and third period spermatozoa mass motility of P2 and P3 showed that the value of +++ was significantly different (P<0.05) compared to P1 (++); Individual motility of P1 treatment showed the lowest value 60,56±2,94 % (P<0.05) compared to P2 and P3 in the second and third periods (75,50±2,29 and 72,50±2,34%). The second and third periods of P2 and P3 spermatozoa concentrations showed an average of >1,350 million/cc significantly different (P<0.05) than P1 (876±152 million/cc), while the total motile spermatozoa showed the highest value of 5,647±829 million/cc in the second period P3. The spermatozoa viability of P2 and P3 showed values >88-89% significantly different (P<0.05) than P1 (<84%) in the second and third periods, while the best spermatozoa abnormalities were P2 at 4.30% in the second period and P3 at 5.33% in the third period. It was concluded that the giving of MO leaf powder at a dose of 0,1 kg/head/day could improve the quantity and quality of semen (viability and total motile spermatozoa) of Ongole Crossbreed bulls. Keywords: bulls, Moringa oleifera, quantity and quality of semen

scholarly journals Iran’s Oil and Gas Legal Framework: from Exploration to Revolution

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Fard Kardel
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
The Third ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Petroleum Oil

The main purpose of this article is to examine Iran’s legal and contractual framework for their petroleum, oil and gas industry. Basically, the legal and contractual framework of the Iranian oil and gas industry has been classified into three periods. The first period is from the exploration and discovery of oil in Iran to nationalisation (1901-1951), the second period is from nationalisation to revolution (1951-1979), and the third period is from revolution to the present day (1979-20016).Because each period has its own features and importance two articles will examine this topic. The first period (from exploration to nationalisation, 1901-1951), and second period (from nationalisation to revolution, 1951-1979), has been examined in this article with legal and comparative analysis, and the third period (1979-2016) will be covered in a later article.It should be mentioned that each contractual framework was a turning point regarding to opportunities and circumstances that they have been in that time and also each of those petroleum contractual regimes were a step toward to contractual framework evolution in Iran.

scholarly journals The pattern, sources, and growth of remittances to Pakistan: The kinked exponential approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Syed Rashid Ali
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
The Third ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
Positive Growth ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Negative Growth

This paper examines the pattern, sources and growth of remittances to Pakistan. It analyses the growing trend of remittances and share of remittances to GDP over the period 1972-2014. We use the kinked exponential model (Boyce, 1986, 1987) to estimates the growing trend of remittances in Pakistan. The results show that remittances received by Pakistan have three distinct growth phases over the study period – Phase I (1973 – 1983), Phase II (1984 – 2000) and Phase III (2001 – 2014). The remittances received by Pakistan have positive growth during the first and the third period while the second period shows negative growth. Before globalization, the UK was the major source of remittances to Pakistan but after globalization, the sources of remittances to Pakistan have been cantered on Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and other Gulf countries.

scholarly journals APLIKASI RADAR CUACA UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI FLUKTUASI KONDISI CUACA EKSTRIM (STUDI KASUS: BANJIR DI KOTA MEDAN TANGGAL 5 OKTOBER 2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Budi Prasetyo ◽  
Nikita Pusparini ◽  
Irwandi Irwandi ◽  
Welly Fitria
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Region I ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Graphic Environment

Intisari Data Radar cuaca Enterprise Electronics Corporation (EEC) selama 24 jam pada tanggal 5 Oktober 2018 mulai pukul 07.00 WIB hingga 07.00 WIB tanggal 6 Oktober 2018 digunakan pada penelitian ini. Data ini diperoleh dari Balai Besar Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika Wilayah I dalam format volumetric (.vol) dan memiliki selang waktu per 10 menit. Metode yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif hasil produk turunan Radar yang diolah menggunakan perangkat lunak yang berasal dari produsen radar yaitu Enterprise Doppler Graphic Environment (EDGE) berupa Coloumn Maximum (CMAX), momen intensitas horizontal, momen rata-rata curah hujan, dan Vertical Integrated Reflectivity (VIR), serta grafik curah hujan (RHG). Penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa fluktuasi kondisi cuaca yang terjadi pada tanggal 5 Oktober 2018 sangat tinggi. Secara umum, curah hujan intensitas tinggi yang terjadi di Kota Medan pada tanggal 5 Oktober 2018 umumnya terbagi menjadi tiga periode, yaitu hujan pada siang hingga sore (pukul 14.00 – 15.50 WIB), hujan pada petang (pukul 18.20 – 19.40 WIB), dan hujan pada malam hari (21.10 – 23.40 WIB). Fluktuasi tertinggi terjadi pada periode pertama dengan kenaikan curah hujan tertinggi terjadi di Kecamatan Medan Helvetia dengan kenaikan curah hujan sebanyak 32 mm dalam 10 menit yang terjadi pada pukul 14.50 WIB, pada periode kedua terjadi di Kecamatan Medan Kota dengan kenaikan 24 mm pada pukul 18.20 WIB, dan periode ketiga terjadi di Kecamatan Medan Johor dengan kenaikan 17 mm pada pukul 21.20 WIB. Abstract Enterprise Electronics Corporation (EEC) Data Radar for 24 hours on October 5th, 2018, starting at 7:00 LT until 07.00 LT on October 6th, 2018, were used in this research. These data were obtained from the Center for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics in Region I in the form of volumetric (.vol) and has an interval of 10 minutes. The method used were descriptive analysis of Radar products processed by software from Radar manufacture, namely Enterprise Doppler Graphic Environment (EDGE) software which in the form of Column Maximum (CMAX) moments of horizontal intensity and moments of average rainfall, Vertical Integrated Reflectivity (VIR), and rainfall graph (RHG). We found that there were high fluctuations in weather conditions that occurred on October 5th, 2018. In general, the high-intensity rainfall occurred in Medan city on October 5th, 2018 was generally divided into three periods, namely rain in the afternoon until evening (at 14:00 - 15:50 LT), rain at dusk (18:20 - 19:40 LT), rain at night (21.10 - 23.40 LT). The highest fluctuation occurred in the first period with the highest increase of rainfall occurred in Medan Helvetia Subdistrict with an increase of 32 mm rainfall in 10 minutes which occurred at 14.50 LT; the second period occurred in Medan Kota District with a 24 mm increase at 18.20 LT, and the third period occurred in Medan Johor District with a 17 mm increase at 21.20 LT.

scholarly journals On research of Estonian school students’ physical development in diploma theses of the Department of Zoology at Tartu State University, 1958–1970

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Tiiu Kasmel ◽  
Jaan Kasmel
Keyword(s):  
Physical Development ◽  
State University ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Third ◽  
Administrative Division ◽  
The World ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
The University ◽  
Second Period

The article provides an overview of ten diploma theses written under the supervision of Professor of Zoology Juhan Aul at the University of Tartu from 1958–1970. The theses deal with physical development of Estonian school students in two Estonian towns (Tartu and Pärnu) and nine districts (Tartu, Elva, Põlva, Räpina, Rapla, Keila, Pärnu, Võru, Harju) according to the then existing administrative division. The theses are based on the anthropological material collected from 1956–1966.The first part of the article briefly describes the period of nearly 202 years during which the scholars related to the University of Tartu have conducted various physical anthropological studies on Estonians. These years can conditionally be divided as follows: the first period, 1814–1927 – the period from Baer to Aul, the second period, 1927–1993 – the Aul period, the third period, from 1993 to the present – the period of the Centre for Physical Anthropology.The article describes some of the options the students had for participating in anthropological research. An overview is given of the beginning of anthropological research of children and school students in Estonia and in the world. The article acquaints the reader with the whole of the so-called Aul period and the diploma theses on Estonian school students’ physical development supervised by him.The second part gives an overview of the diploma theses.

The Stereochemistry of Chloro-bis(N-morpholino)phenylsilane

1999 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Huber ◽  
Annette Schier ◽  
Hubert Schmidbaur
Keyword(s):  
Time Scale ◽  
Title Compound ◽  
Halogen Atom ◽  
Benzene Solution ◽  
Mirror Plane ◽  
Free Rotation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nitrogen Inversion ◽  
Sterical Hindrance ◽  
Independent Molecules

Treatment of phenyltrichlorosilane with an excess of morpholine and N-lithium-morpholide in pentane/toluene affords only the disubstitution product Cl(Ph)Si(Mor)2 with Mor = O(CH2CH2)2N-. The third halogen atom is not replaced owing to sterical hindrance. The title compound crystallizes with two independent molecules in the unit cell. These two molecules can be classified as enantiomers, because a disrotatory twist of the two morpholino ligands away from the potential mirror plane induces a chiral conformation. In benzene solution there is racemization owing to completely free rotation, chair/boat interconversion, and nitrogen inversion of the morpholino groups on the NMR time scale, but all CH2 protons remain anisochronous (diastereotopic).

Enhancing national solidarity through the deployment of verbal categories

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-225
Author(s):  
Victor A. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
The Third ◽  
News Sources ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
Political Narratives ◽  
The World ◽  
Nato Bombing ◽  
Second Period ◽  
National Solidarity

The deployment of the Albanian admirative as well as the evidential particles kinse ‘allegedly’ and gjoja ‘supposedly’ in Kosovar electronic news sources to render either dubitative or neutral reports — depending on both the source and the timing — contributed to the project of an independent Kosovo. The usages can be divided into three periods: 1994–1997, 1998–1999, and post-1999. During the first period, usage was exclusively dubitative and deployed for Serbian news sources. During the second period, which corresponded to the intensification of the armed uprising, usage shifted to neutrality, and during the third period, after the NATO bombing campaign, it returned somewhat to dubitativity, this time aimed at UN and NATO sources. The discussion demonstrates how pragmatics and grammatical categories contribute to the construction of political narratives and argues that a socially informed linguistic analysis is crucial to understanding how politics is performed in the world.

Europe’s Discourse of Britain

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
European System ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Second Period

The chapter proposes three moments in Europe’s discourse of Britain. The first, from the mid-eighteenth century up to 1793, coincided with a liberal and cosmopolitan wave of anglophilia which helped foster Romanticism in Germany. The second period, roughly until 1820, was divided between the radical republicans who viewed Britain as an enemy of democracy, the moderate liberal camp who appreciated Britain as perfectly balanced between tradition and modernity, and the conservatives who embraced Edmund Burke’s ideal of Britain as a stabilizing force within a reactionary European system. The third period may be identified with Britain’s post-Vienna renewed advocacy of liberty and progress, triggering a second wave of anglophilia that contributed to the development of liberal forms of Romanticism in France and across the continent. The chapter ends with Marxism, the rise of a far more radical European discourser.

The constituents of Cryptocarya pleurosperma White & Francis. I. Pleurospermine: A new alkaloid of the leaves

1959 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Gellert
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Atom ◽  
Oxygen Atom ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Veratric Acid ◽  
The Third ◽  
Tertiary Nitrogen Atom ◽  
Group A ◽  
Francis I ◽  
Alcoholic Hydroxyl ◽  
Tertiary Nitrogen

A new alkaloid pleurospermine, C14Hl9O3N, has been isolated from the leaves of Cryptocarya pleurosperma. Pleurospermine contains a methoxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, and a tertiary nitrogen atom. The third oxygen atom is possibly present as an alcoholic hydroxyl group. On heating with palladium-charcoal the alkaloid yields 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyacetophenone (I), while methylation followed by oxidation gives veratric acid.

scholarly journals Morphological Characteristics Of Lungs In The Dynamics Of Development Of A New Experimental Model Of Surgical Sepsis

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yorkin Azizov ◽  
Alisher Ohunov
Keyword(s):  
Necrotizing Fasciitis ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Septic Complication ◽  
Vascular Response ◽  
The Third ◽  
Second Period

This is an experimental study of lung morphology in modeling sepsis on a background of severe purulent-inflammatory disease of soft tissues (necrotizing fasciitis) by original authors’ method. The study showed that early stages of sepsis (1-3 days) were characterized by manifestations of changes in lung tissue as vascular response, in the second period (the 7th day) by appearance and growth of non-obstructive microatelectases, whereas the third period (the 14th day) was characterized by progression of purulent-necrotic processes in soft tissues, development of surgical sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome. These changes in morphological structure of lung tissue are specific for generalized septic process and consequences of necrotizing fasciitis with its septic complication.

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