A combination of melatonin and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise improves pancreatic beta-cell function and glycemic homeostasis in type 2 diabetic model of animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-494
Author(s):  
Eduardo Almeida Leite ◽  
Patricia Rodrigues Lourenço Gomes ◽  
Eloisa Aparecida Vilas-Boas ◽  
Ana Cláudia Munhoz ◽  
Lívia Clemente Motta-Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Gk Rats

Nocturnal melatonin secretion is important for preservation of ß-cell mass and function. Knowing that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia caused by the elevated resistance of peripheral tissues to insulin, reduction in pineal melatonin and disturbances of insulin secretion by pancreatic ß-cells.  In this context, exercise is considered one of the most valuable non-pharmacological approaches for treatment of T2DM. Considering the beneficial role of melatonin on glycemic metabolism in physical exercise, we investigated the effects of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise plus melatonin on glycemic homeostasis, the morphology and architecture of pancreas in spontaneous T2DM animals [Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats]. The results confirmed that melatonin alone reduced the mass of epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT); however, only the combination of melatonin and physical exercise significantly reduced caloric intake, body weight, WAT and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in T2DM rats. This combination also reduced apoptosis of cells in pancreatic islets. We observed either melatonin or the combination was able to reduce insulinemia. However, only the combination improved the morphology of the pancreatic islets. Thus, we conclude that in GK rats, melatonin plays a crucial role in the functionality of the pancreas to improve insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues and, consequently, to maintain the glucose homeostasis. In addition, the combination is more efficiency to improve glucose tolerance and integrity of pancreatic islets in GK rats than melatonin alone.

scholarly journals Effects of Resveratrol in Goto-Kakizaki Rat, a Model of Type 2 Diabetes

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Szkudelska ◽  
Marzanna Deniziak ◽  
Iwona Hertig ◽  
Tatiana Wojciechowicz ◽  
Marianna Tyczewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Gk Rats ◽  
New Findings

Resveratrol exhibits a pleiotropic, favorable action under various pathological conditions, including type 2 diabetes. However, its anti-diabetic effects in animal models and human trials have not been fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to determine whether resveratrol is capable of inducing beneficial changes in the Goto-Kakizaki rat, a spontaneous model of diabetes, which in several aspects is similar to type 2 diabetes in humans. Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats and control Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were treated intragastrically with resveratrol (20 mg/kg b.w./day) for 10 weeks. Then, a glucose tolerance test was performed and levels of some adipokines in blood were measured. Moreover, lipid contents in skeletal muscle and liver tissues, along with the expression and phosphorylation of pivotal enzymes (AMP—activated protein kinase—AMPK, acetyl-CoA carboxylase—ACC, protein kinase B—Akt) in these tissues were determined. Histology of pancreatic islets was also compared. GK rats non-treated with resveratrol displayed a marked glucose intolerance and had increased lipid accumulation in the skeletal muscle. Moreover, upregulation of the expression and phosphorylation of AMPK, ACC and Akt was shown in the muscle tissue of GK rats. Those rats also had an abnormal structure of pancreatic islets compared with control animals. However, treatment with resveratrol improved glucose tolerance and prevented lipid accumulation in the skeletal muscle of GK rats. This effect was associated with a substantial normalization of expression and phosphorylation of ACC and Akt. In GK rats subjected to resveratrol therapy, the structure of pancreatic islets was also clearly improved. Moreover, blood adiponectin and leptin levels were partially normalized by resveratrol in GK rats. It was revealed that resveratrol ameliorates key symptoms of diabetes in GK rats. This compound improved glucose tolerance, which was largely linked to beneficial changes in skeletal muscle. Resveratrol also positively affected pancreatic islets. Our new findings show that resveratrol has therapeutic potential in GK rats.

970-P: Comparative Assessment of the Effect of Vildagliptin and Metformin on Pancreatic Beta-Cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity in Newly Diagnosed Asian Indians with Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 970-P
Author(s):  
KRISHNAMOORTHY SATHEESH ◽  
CHAMUKUTTAN SNEHALATHA ◽  
ARUN NANDITHA ◽  
ARUN RAGHAVAN ◽  
RAMACHANDRAN VINITHA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Asian Indians ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell Function

Association of plasma acylcarnitines with insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and prediabetes in a biracial cohort

2021 ◽  
pp. 153537022110094
Author(s):  
Ibiye Owei ◽  
Nkiru Umekwe ◽  
Frankie Stentz ◽  
Jim Wan ◽  
Sam Dagogo-Jack
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Intravenous Glucose

The ability to predict prediabetes, which affects ∼90 million adults in the US and ∼400 million adults worldwide, would be valuable to public health. Acylcarnitines, fatty acid metabolites, have been associated with type 2 diabetes risk in cross-sectional studies of mostly Caucasian subjects, but prospective studies on their link to prediabetes in diverse populations are lacking. Here, we determined the association of plasma acylcarnitines with incident prediabetes in African Americans and European Americans enrolled in a prospective study. We analyzed 45 acylcarnitines in baseline plasma samples from 70 adults (35 African-American, 35 European-American) with incident prediabetes (progressors) and 70 matched controls (non-progressors) during 5.5-year (mean 2.6 years) follow-up in the Pathobiology of Prediabetes in a Biracial Cohort (POP-ABC) study. Incident prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose/impaired glucose tolerance) was confirmed with OGTT. We measured acylcarnitines using tandem mass spectrometry, insulin sensitivity by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, and insulin secretion using intravenous glucose tolerance test. The results showed that progressors and non-progressors during POP-ABC study follow-up were concordant for 36 acylcarnitines and discordant for nine others. In logistic regression models, beta-hydroxy butyryl carnitine (C4-OH), 3-hydroxy-isovaleryl carnitine/malonyl carnitine (C5-OH/C3-DC), and octenoyl carnitine (C8:1) were the only significant predictors of incident prediabetes. The combined cut-off plasma levels of <0.03 micromol/L for C4-OH, <0.03 micromol/L for C5-OH/C3-DC, and >0.25 micromol/L for C8:1 acylcarnitines predicted incident prediabetes with 81.9% sensitivity and 65.2% specificity. Thus, circulating levels of one medium-chain and two short-chain acylcarnitines may be sensitive biomarkers for the risk of incident prediabetes among initially normoglycemic individuals with parental history of type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals The effect of physical exercise and caloric restriction on the components of metabolic syndrome

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Leonardo Torres-Leal ◽  
Mariana Dutilh de Capitani ◽  
Julio Tirapegui
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Mass Reduction ◽  
Current State ◽  
Regular Physical Exercise

Recent studies of the effects of physical exercise and caloric restriction have found several benefits on the metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors related to metabolic syndrome (MS). This review examines the current state of knowledge of the effects of physical exercise on the main pathologies associated with MS: obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), dyslipidemias and hypertension. Although there are only a few randomized and controlled studies that evaluated the prevention and treatment of MS, strong evidence from controlled studies indicates that lifestyle changes that include regular physical exercise and caloric restriction are effective in preventing and treating DM2 in overweight individuals with reduced glucose tolerance. Likewise, epidemiologic studies suggest that regular physical exercise prevents the development of DM2 and cardiovascular disease. Based on current recommendations, it is important to increase the level of physical exercise at a moderate intensity to achieve good cardiorespiratory and muscular conditions and to promote fat mass reduction, with consequent reductions of risk of developing metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals The Metabolic Syndrome in Overweight Hispanic Youth and the Role of Insulin Sensitivity

2004 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha L. Cruz ◽  
Marc J. Weigensberg ◽  
Terry T.-K. Huang ◽  
Geoff Ball ◽  
Gabriel Q. Shaibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Family History ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Hispanic Youth ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is highest among Hispanic adults. However, studies exploring the metabolic syndrome in overweight Hispanic youth are lacking. Subjects were 126 overweight children (8–13 yr of age) with a family history for type 2 diabetes. The metabolic syndrome was defined as having at least three of the following: abdominal obesity, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, and/or impaired glucose tolerance. Insulin sensitivity was determined by the frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance test and minimal modeling. The prevalence of abdominal obesity, low HDL cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, systolic and diastolic hypertension, and impaired glucose tolerance was 62, 67, 26, 22, 4, and 27%, respectively. The presence of zero, one, two, or three or more features of the metabolic syndrome was 9, 22, 38, and 30%, respectively. After controlling for body composition, insulin sensitivity was positively related to HDL cholesterol (P &lt; 0.01) and negatively related to triglycerides (P &lt; 0.001) and systolic (P &lt; 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (P &lt; 0.05). Insulin sensitivity significantly decreased (P &lt; 0.001) as the number of features of the metabolic syndrome increased. In conclusion, overweight Hispanic youth with a family history for type 2 diabetes are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, and this appears to be due to decreased insulin sensitivity. Improving insulin resistance may be crucial for the prevention of chronic disease in this at-risk population.

scholarly journals High-intensity exercise to promote accelerated improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (HI-PACE): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua E. McGee ◽  
Savanna G. Barefoot ◽  
Nicole R. Gniewek ◽  
Patricia M. Brophy ◽  
Angela Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Moderate Intensity

Abstract Background African Americans have a disproportionate prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes compared to Caucasians. Recent evidence indicates low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) level, an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes, is also more prevalent in African Americans than Caucasians. Numerous studies in Caucasian populations suggest vigorous exercise intensity may promote greater improvements in CRF and other type 2 diabetes risk factors (e.g. reduction of glucose/insulin levels, pulse wave velocity, body fat, etc.) than moderate intensity. However, current evidence comparing health benefits of different aerobic exercise intensities on type 2 diabetes risk factors in African Americans is negligible. This is clinically important as African Americans have a greater risk for type 2 diabetes and are less likely to meet public health recommendations for physical activity than Caucasians. The purpose of the High-Intensity exercise to Promote Accelerated improvements in CardiorEspiratory fitness (HI-PACE) study is to evaluate whether high-intensity aerobic exercise elicits greater improvements in CRF, insulin action, and arterial stiffness than moderate-intensity exercise in African Americans. Methods/Design­ A randomized controlled trial will be performed on overweight and obese (body mass index: 25-45 kg/m2) African Americans (35-65 years) (n=60). Participants will be randomized to moderate-intensity (MOD-INT) or high-intensity (HIGH-INT) aerobic exercise training, or a non-exercise control group (CON) for 24 weeks. Supervised exercise will be performed at a heart rate associated with 45-55% and 70-80% of VO2 max in the MOD-INT and the HIGH-INT groups, respectively, for an exercise dose of 600 MET-minutes/week (consistent with public health recommendations). The primary outcome is change in CRF. Secondary outcomes include change in insulin sensitivity (measured via an intravenous glucose tolerance test), skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity (via near infrared spectroscopy), skeletal muscle measurements (i.e. citrate synthase, COX IV, GLUT-4, CPT-1, PGC1-α), arterial stiffness (via carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity), body fat, C-reactive protein, and psychological outcomes (quality of life/exercise enjoyment). Discussion The anticipated results of the HI-PACE study will provide vital information on the health effects of high-intensity exercise in African Americans. This study will advance health disparity research and has the potential to influence future public health guidelines for physical activity. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02892331. Registered on 8 September 2016, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02892331

scholarly journals Aerobic physical exercise and prolactin levels in blood during breastfeeding in woman with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: A case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-228
Author(s):  
Ksenija Bubnjevic ◽  
Dusan Ugarkovic ◽  
Jelena Kovacevic
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
World Health ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy

Introduction. The World Health Organization (WHO) exclusively recommends breastfeeding for the first six months of the newborn life. Many factors affect milk production. Physical exercise can significantly affect prolactin secretion in the blood. Case report. A respondent in this study was a primipara (33 years old) diagnosed with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and a singleton pregnancy. During pregnancy and after the childbirth, she continued with light to moderate physical exercise. During the first six months after the childbirth, the light to moderate intensity aerobic exercise had no negative impact on the blood level of prolactin and growth and development of the child. Conclusion. In this case study, light to moderate intensity aerobic exercise had no negative impact on the level of prolactin in the blood during the first six months after the childbirth in a woman with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

PENGARUH LATIHAN FISIK AEROBIK DENGAN INTENSITAS SEDANG TERHADAP KONDISI MAKROSKOPIK DAN GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI MIOKARD MENCIT BALB/C

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Niswan Helja Batubara ◽  
Nova Sylviana ◽  
Hasrayati Agustina ◽  
Hadaral Hudanul Qolbi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intensity Increase ◽  
Pathological Features ◽  
Histopathologic Features

Cardiovascular diseases is one of the non-communicable diseases that has been the leading cause of death compared to other causes. Actually, cardiovascular diseases can be prevented with avoiding the risk factors and lifestyle improvements such as doing physical exercise. Useful physical exercise according to according to The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) is a moderate intensity aerobic exercise conducted 30 minutes in time for 5 days a week. This research aims to study the effects of moderate intensity aerobic exercise on macroscopic conditions, histopathologic features of the myocardium of mice. This research using 35 male balb/c mice devided to 3 groups (control, physical activity, exercise). Variables in this research included duration of physical activity and exercise, macroscopic conditions, histopathologic features of the myocardium of balb/c mice. After 10 and 28 days of exposure, the heart were harvested. The macroscopic conditions, histopathologic features of the myocardium were examined. The weight of heart in physical activity group was greater than control group (p=0.009). Similarly, the weight of heart exercise group was also greater compared to control group (p=0.013). The histopathologic features in physical activity and physical exercise groups showed pathological features of myocardial infarction (p=0.242). While in the control group did not show pathological features. Aerobic physical activity moderate intensity increase the risk of pathological condition of heart in the form of myocardial infarct through the macroscopic conditions and histological features of myocardium. Meanwhile, exercise with moderate intensity affect the physiological hypertrophy of the myocardium.

scholarly journals Acid Hydrolyzed Silk Peptide Consumption Improves Anti-Diabetic Symptoms by Potentiating Insulin Secretion and Preventing Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in Non-Obese Type 2 Diabetic Animals

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunmin Park ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Jing Yi Qiu ◽  
Xuangao Wu ◽  
Jeong-Yong Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Insulin Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion

Silk fibroin hydrolysates have been reported to reduce hyperglycemia, but the mechanism has not been determined in Asian type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We hypothesized that the consumption of acid hydrolyzed silk peptides (SPs) alleviates hyperglycemia by improving insulin sensitivity and subsequently normalizing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in T2DM. We investigated this hypothesis in a partial pancreatectomized (Px) rat model. Px rats was assigned randomly to the following six groups and fed assigned diet for 8 weeks: the Px-control (0.5 g/kg/day dextrin), the SP-L (0.05 g/kg/day), the SP-M (0.1 g/kg/day), the SP-H (0.5 g/kg/day), the positive-control (40 mg/kg/day metformin), or the normal-control (sham-operated rats; 0.5 g/kg/day dextrin). SPs contained high levels of glycine, alanine, and serine. We found SPs dose-dependently increased food efficiency and body weight gain in Px rats. Animals in the Px-control group rats exhibited lower glucose metabolism, as evidenced by impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion coupled with impaired insulin sensitivity, and reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and lean body mass (LBM), compared to the normal-control. SPs and metformin similarly partially protected against Px-induced BMD loss in the lumbar spine and femur. Px-induced decreases in LBM were dose-dependently prevented by SPs, and muscle forces in the SP-M and SP-H groups were maintained at the normal-control level. Glucose tolerance was dose-dependently improved by SPs as determined by oral glucose tolerance and oral maltose tolerance tests, and glucose tolerances were similar in the SP-H and positive-control groups. Insulin tolerance, an index of insulin sensitivity, was dose-dependently enhanced by SPs, and the SP-H group exhibited better insulin tolerance than the positive-control group as determined by intraperitoneal insulin sensitivity testing. Insulin secretory capacity assessed using a hyperglycemic clamp improved in the following order: Px-control <SA-L <SA-M <positive-control <SA-H <normal-control. SP-M prevented gut microbiota dysbiosis. In conclusion, SPs administered at 0.1–0.5 g/kg/day improved glucose regulation by potentiating both insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in non-obese T2DM rats.

scholarly journals Adipocyte PU.1 knockout promotes insulin sensitivity in HFD-fed obese mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise E. Lackey ◽  
Felipe C. G. Reis ◽  
Roi Isaac ◽  
Rizaldy C. Zapata ◽  
Dalila El Ouarrat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Tissue Macrophage

Abstract Insulin resistance is a key feature of obesity and type 2 diabetes. PU.1 is a master transcription factor predominantly expressed in macrophages but after HFD feeding PU.1 expression is also significantly increased in adipocytes. We generated adipocyte specific PU.1 knockout mice using adiponectin cre to investigate the role of PU.1 in adipocyte biology, insulin and glucose homeostasis. In HFD-fed obese mice systemic glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were improved in PU.1 AKO mice and clamp studies indicated improvements in both adipose and liver insulin sensitivity. At the level of adipose tissue, macrophage infiltration and inflammation was decreased and glucose uptake was increased in PU.1 AKO mice compared with controls. While PU.1 deletion in adipocytes did not affect the gene expression of PPARg itself, we observed increased expression of PPARg target genes in eWAT from HFD fed PU.1 AKO mice compared with controls. Furthermore, we observed decreased phosphorylation at serine 273 in PU.1 AKO mice compared with fl/fl controls, indicating that PPARg is more active when PU.1 expression is reduced in adipocytes. Therefore, in obesity the increased expression of PU.1 in adipocytes modifies the adipocyte PPARg cistrome resulting in impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity.

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