scholarly journals The role of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in cellular senescene

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Filda Vionita Irene De Lime ◽  
Novi Silvia Hardiany
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Suppression ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Secretory Phenotype ◽  
Main Components

Cellular senescence is one of the defense mechanisms of cells against oncogenic signals by permanently stopping the proliferation of the cell. Senescence cells show a similar characteristic, one of them is senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). SASPs secrete various components, divided according to the type of molecule secreted and based on their mechanism of action against target cells. The main components of SASP are pro-inflammatory mediators. SASP performs dual and contradictory roles, which concurrently provides beneficial effects such as tumor suppression due to the termination of proliferation, recruitment of immune cells, and tissue repair. On the other hand, SASP produces detrimental effects on cells undergoing the senescence process as well as cells in the surrounding environment by increasing tumorigenesis. This review article explains the various components of the SASP, the role of SASP in the inflammatory process, tumor suppression, and tumorigenesis.

scholarly journals Impact of Micronutrients on Hypertension: Evidence from Clinical Trials with a Special Focus on Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 588
Author(s):  
Hui-Fang Chiu ◽  
Kamesh Venkatakrishnan ◽  
Oksana Golovinskaia ◽  
Chin-Kun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Recommended Daily Allowance ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Daily Allowance ◽  
Regulation Of Blood Pressure ◽  
Morbid Conditions

Hypertension (HT) is one of the pivotal risk factors for various detrimental diseases like cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cerebrovascular disease, and renal dysfunction. Currently, many researchers are paying immense attention to various diet formula (dietary approach) with a special focus on micro and macronutrients along with modified lifestyle and standard anti-hypertensive drugs. Micronutrients (minerals/vitamins) play a central role in the regulation of blood pressure (BP) as they aid the function of macronutrients and also improve the anti-hypertensive functions of some anti-hypertensive agents. Even though several studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of micronutrients on controlling BP, still some ambiguity exists among the nutritionists/doctors, which combination or individual mineral (dietary approach) contributes to better BP regulation. Therefore, this critical review article was attempted to delineate the underlying role of micronutrients (minerals and vitamins) for the management and prevention or delaying of HT and their related complications with strong affirmation from clinical trials as well as its mechanism of controlling BP. Moreover, the major source and recommended daily allowance (RDA) of various micronutrients are included in this review for guiding common readers (especially HT subjects) and dieticians to choose/recommend a better micronutrient and their combinations (other nutrients and standard anti-hypertensive drugs) for lowering the risk of HT and its related co-morbid conditions like CVDs.

scholarly journals C-Kit, a Double-Edged Sword in Liver Regeneration and Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weina Wang ◽  
Liyan Shui ◽  
Yanning Liu ◽  
Min Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Liver Regeneration ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Oval Cells ◽  
Transduction Pathway ◽  
Stromal Tumors

Previous studies have reported an important role of c-kit in embryogenesis and adulthood. Activation of the SCF/KIT signal transduction pathway is customarily linked to cell proliferation, migration and survival thus influence hematopoiesis, pigmentation, and spermatogenesis. The role of c-kit in the liver is controversial, it is however argued that it is a double-edged sword in liver regeneration and diseases. First, liver c-kit+ cells, including oval cells, bile epithelial cells, and part of hepatocytes, participate in liver tissue repair by regenerating target cells according to the type of liver injury. At the same time, c-kit+ mast cells, act as immature progenitors in circulation, playing a critical role in liver fibrosis. Furthermore, c-kit is also a proto-oncogene. Notably, c-kit overexpression regulates gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Various studies have explored on c-kit and hepatocellular carcinoma, nevertheless, the intricate roles of c-kit in the liver are largely understudied. Herein, we extensively summarize previous studies geared toward providing hints for future clinical and basic research.

scholarly journals Role of Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators in Modifying Host Defense and Decreasing Bacterial Virulence

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 6970
Author(s):  
Julianne M. Thornton ◽  
Kingsley Yin
Keyword(s):  
Host Defense ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Neutrophil Migration ◽  
Bacterial Virulence ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Bioactive Fatty Acids ◽  
Insight Into

Bacterial infection activates the innate immune system as part of the host’s defense against invading pathogens. Host response to bacterial pathogens includes leukocyte activation, inflammatory mediator release, phagocytosis, and killing of bacteria. An appropriate host response requires resolution. The resolution phase involves attenuation of neutrophil migration, neutrophil apoptosis, macrophage recruitment, increased phagocytosis, efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils, and tissue repair. Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators (SPMs) are bioactive fatty acids that were shown to be highly effective in promoting resolution of infectious inflammation and survival in several models of infection. In this review, we provide insight into the role of SPMs in active host defense mechanisms for bacterial clearance including a new mechanism of action in which an SPM acts directly to reduce bacterial virulence.

scholarly journals The Role of the VEGF Family in Coronary Heart Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Xueping Zhu ◽  
Hanming Cui ◽  
Jingjing Shi ◽  
Guozhen Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Cardiac Recovery ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family, the regulator of blood and lymphatic vessels, is mostly investigated in the tumor and ophthalmic field. However, the functions it enjoys can also interfere with the development of atherosclerosis (AS) and further diseases like coronary heart disease (CHD). The source, regulating mechanisms including upregulation and downregulation, target cells/tissues, and known functions about VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D are covered in the review. VEGF-A can regulate angiogenesis, vascular permeability, and inflammation by binding with VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2. VEGF-B can regulate angiogenesis, redox, and apoptosis by binding with VEGFR-1. VEGF-C can regulate inflammation, lymphangiogenesis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and fibrogenesis by binding with VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3. VEGF-D can regulate lymphangiogenesis, angiogenesis, fibrogenesis, and apoptosis by binding with VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3. These functions present great potential of applying the VEGF family for treating CHD. For instance, angiogenesis can compensate for hypoxia and ischemia by growing novel blood vessels. Lymphangiogenesis can degrade inflammation by providing exits for accumulated inflammatory cytokines. Anti-apoptosis can protect myocardium from impairment after myocardial infarction (MI). Fibrogenesis can promote myocardial fibrosis after MI to benefit cardiac recovery. In addition, all these factors have been confirmed to keep a link with lipid metabolism, the research about which is still in the early stage and exact mechanisms are relatively obscure. Because few reviews have been published about the summarized role of the VEGF family for treating CHD, the aim of this review article is to present an overview of the available evidence supporting it and give hints for further research.

Oxyprenylated Secondary Metabolites as Modulators of Lipid and Sugar Metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Fiorito ◽  
Francesco Epifano ◽  
Lorenzo Marchetti ◽  
Lucia Palumbo ◽  
Ilkay Erdogan Orhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Related Compounds

: O-Prenylcoumarins (3,3-dimethylallyl, geranyl-, farnesyl- and related biosynthetic derivatives) represent a class of rarely occurring natural compounds. The most part of these secondary metabolites have been obtained from plant species belonging to the Rutaceae, Apiaceae, andFabaceae families, and from fungi, and bacteria. In the last two decades prenyloxycoumarinshave been found to possess a great potential in terms of pharmacological activities. The aim of this comprehensive review is to make a survey of the in so far reported literature citations about these valuable phytochemicals and structurally related compounds about their modulatory properties of lipid and sugar metabolism. Literature data have been acquired from the main Internet database. Several oxyprenylated secondary metabolites have been surveyed. Among these prenyloxycoumarins represented the main group exerting displayed valuable effects as modulators of lipid and sugar metabolism. The title phytochemicals have been found in common edible and fruits vegetables already known to have beneficial effects to this concern, thus enforcing the nutraceutical role of these food plants. All compounds outlined in the present review article have a great potential for the next future for the prevention and management of acute and chronic metabolic disorders

Autophagy Regulates the Effects of Adipose-derived Stem Cells Exosomes on Lipopolysaccharide-induced Pulmonary Microvascular Barrier Damage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chichi Li ◽  
Liqun Li ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Wangjia Wang ◽  
Yuping Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Pretreatment Effects ◽  
Autophagy Inhibition

Abstract Background: Exosomes have been recognized as being more effective than direct stem cell differentiation into functional target cells for protecting against tissue injury and promoting tissue repair. Our previous study demonstrated the protective effect of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury and the effect of autophagy on ADSC functions, but the role of ADSC-derived exosomes (ADSC-Exos) and autophagy-mediated regulation of ADSC-Exos in LPS-induced pulmonary microvascular barrier damage remain unclear. Methods: LPS-induced pulmonary microvascular barrier injury was detected after ADSC-Exos pretreatment. Effects of autophagy on the function and bioactive miRNAs components of ADSC-Exos were assessed after inhibiting the cells autophagy in advance. Results: ADSC-Exo culture resulted in significant alleviation of LPS-induced microvascular barrier injury. The inhibition of autophagy markedly weakened the therapeutic effect of ADSC-Exos. In addition, autophagy inhibition changed the expression levels of the five specific miRNAs in exosomes; interleukin-1β（IL-1β）preconditioning promoted the expression of miR(miRNA)-21a but lowered the expressions of let-7-a-1, miR-143 and miR-145a, and did not affect the expression of miR-451a. Autophagy inhibition, however, has prohibited the expressions of all these miRNAs under IL-1β preconditioning. Conclusion: Our results indicate that ADSC-Exos protect against LPS-induced pulmonary microvascular barrier damage. Autophagy is a positive mediator of exosome function at least partly through controlling the expression of bioactive miRNAs in exosomes.

scholarly journals Bee Products: A Representation of Biodiversity, Sustainability, and Health

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 970
Author(s):  
Alessandra Durazzo ◽  
Massimo Lucarini ◽  
Manuela Plutino ◽  
Luigi Lucini ◽  
Rita Aromolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Forest Lake ◽  
Main Components

Biodiversity strengthens the productivity of any ecosystem (agricultural land, forest, lake, etc.). The loss of biodiversity contributes to food and energy insecurity; increases vulnerability to natural disasters, such as floods or tropical storms; and decreases the quality of both life and health. Wild and managed bees play a key role in maintaining the biodiversity and in the recovery and restoration of degraded habitats. The novelty character of this perspective is to give an updated representation of bee products’ biodiversity, sustainability, and health relationship. The role of bees as bioindicators, their importance in the conservation of biodiversity, their ecosystem services, and the variety of the bee products are described herein. An overview of the main components of bee products, their biological potentials, and health is highlighted and detailed as follows: (i) nutritional value of bee products, (ii) bioactive profile of bee products and the related beneficial properties; (iii) focus on honey and health through a literature quantitative analysis, and (iv) bee products explored through databases. Moreover, as an example of the interconnection between health, biodiversity, and sustainability, a case study, namely the “Cellulose Park”, realized in Rome (Italy), is presented here. This case study highlights how bee activities can be used to assess and track changes in the quality of agricultural ecosystems—hive products could be valid indicators of the quality and health of the surrounding environment, as well as the changes induced by the biotic and abiotic factors that impact the sustainability of agricultural production and biodiversity conservation in peri-urban areas.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Regulate the Mitochondrial Metabolism via Transfer of miRNAs

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Loussouarn ◽  
Yves-Marie Pers ◽  
Claire Bony ◽  
Christian Jorgensen ◽  
Danièle Noël
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cell ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Stromal Cell ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are the most commonly tested adult progenitor cells in regenerative medicine. They stimulate tissue repair primarily through the secretion of immune-regulatory and pro-regenerative factors. There is increasing evidence that most of these factors are carried on extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are released by MSCs, either spontaneously or after activation. Exosomes and microvesicles are the most investigated types of EVs that act through uptake by target cells and cargo release inside the cytoplasm or through interactions with receptors expressed on target cells to stimulate downstream intracellular pathways. They convey different types of molecules, including proteins, lipids and acid nucleics among which, miRNAs are the most widely studied. The cargo of EVs can be impacted by the culture or environmental conditions that MSCs encounter and by changes in the energy metabolism that regulate the functional properties of MSCs. On the other hand, MSC-derived EVs are also reported to impact the metabolism of target cells. In the present review, we discuss the role of MSC-EVs in the regulation of the energy metabolism and oxidative stress of target cells and tissues with a focus on the role of miRNAs.

scholarly journals PHYSICAL ACTIVITY DURING PREGNANCY AND AFTER DELIVERY

2019 ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Dragan Đurđević ◽  
Sanja Mazić ◽  
Goran Janković ◽  
Aleksandra Isaković
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Special Period ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Exercise During Pregnancy

It is well known that physical activity and proper diet can have beneficial effects on health improvement, as a prevention and as a therapy of chronic non-communicable diseases. Pregnancy is a special period in the life of every woman. Therefore, you often ask yourself whether it is advisable to exercise during pregnancy, when and how much? This review article, by analyzing the available literature data, has tried to explain what form of physical activity is recommended during pregnancy, depending on the period of pregnancy, under what conditions pregnant women should exercise, what forms of physical activity they should avoid and when they should not to practice it. In addition, we analyzed the role of physical activity in the prevention of gestational diabetes, the most common metabolic disorder that occurs during pregnancy. Following the recommendations of the FITT principle outlined in this paper, controlled exercise conditions with a specialized trainer and nutritionist, regular moderate physical activity adapted to different periods of pregnancy, undoubtedly contributes to the maintenance and improvement of the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular system of the pregnant woman, better control of her body weight and improvement of her psychological state.

scholarly journals Maggot Therapy: The Science and Implication for CAM Part I—History and Bacterial Resistance

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamni Nigam ◽  
Alyson Bexfield ◽  
Stephen Thomas ◽  
Norman Arthur Ratcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Wound Debridement ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Infected Wounds ◽  
Green Bottle ◽  
The Common ◽  
Maggot Therapy

It is now a universally acknowledged fact that maggot therapy can be used successfully to treat chronic, long-standing, infected wounds, which have previously failed to respond to conventional treatment. Such wounds are typically characterized by the presence of necrotic tissue, underlying infection and poor healing. Maggot therapy employs the use of freshly emerged, sterile larvae of the common green-bottle fly,Phaenicia(Lucilia)sericata, and is a form of artificially induced myiasis in a controlled clinical situation. In this review article, we will discuss the role of maggots and their preparation for clinical use. Maggot therapy has the following three core beneficial effects on a wound: debridement, disinfection and enhanced healing. In part I we explore our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying these effects.

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