scholarly journals Effects Of Virtual Reality (VR) On The Intention To Donate Money And Time: The Role Of Empathy, Guilt, Responsibility And Social Exclusion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kandaurova
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Presence ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Media Richness Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
Social Cause ◽  
Socially Excluded

Virtual Reality (VR) technology has reached the mainstream market and is in the early stages of being used for charitable purposes. The aim of this research is to investigate and explain the effects of VR on empathy, guilt, responsibility, and donation of time and money in the social marketing context. Supported by the media richness theory (MRT) and the social presence theory (SPT), the results of three experimental studies suggest that VR, when compared to traditional two-dimensional video media (VM), increases empathy, increases responsibility, and encourages higher intention to donate and volunteer towards a social cause. Furthermore, it was shown that VR counteracts the negative effects of social exclusion on prosocial behaviour. In socially excluded participants, VR enhanced the level of guilt and social responsibility, leading to a higher intention to volunteer. Surprisingly, VR was not effective in promoting higher intention of money donation in socially excluded participants.

scholarly journals Effects Of Virtual Reality (VR) On The Intention To Donate Money And Time: The Role Of Empathy, Guilt, Responsibility And Social Exclusion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kandaurova
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Presence ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Media Richness Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
Social Cause ◽  
Socially Excluded

Virtual Reality (VR) technology has reached the mainstream market and is in the early stages of being used for charitable purposes. The aim of this research is to investigate and explain the effects of VR on empathy, guilt, responsibility, and donation of time and money in the social marketing context. Supported by the media richness theory (MRT) and the social presence theory (SPT), the results of three experimental studies suggest that VR, when compared to traditional two-dimensional video media (VM), increases empathy, increases responsibility, and encourages higher intention to donate and volunteer towards a social cause. Furthermore, it was shown that VR counteracts the negative effects of social exclusion on prosocial behaviour. In socially excluded participants, VR enhanced the level of guilt and social responsibility, leading to a higher intention to volunteer. Surprisingly, VR was not effective in promoting higher intention of money donation in socially excluded participants.

scholarly journals Praca wychowawcza z dziewczętami wykluczonymi społecznie – w ujęciu bł. Marii Karłowskiej (1865–1935)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 337-348
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wasilewska-Ostrowska
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
The Social ◽  
Universal Values ◽  
Socially Excluded ◽  
Work Education

Educational Work with Socially Excluded Girls – in Terms of the Blessed Maria Karłowska (1865–1935) This text presents the concept of education developed by Blessed Maria Karłowska (1865–1935). The foundress of the Congregation of the Shepherds of Divine Providence worked all her life with socially excluded people, especially girls and young women who were prostitutes. She established care and educational centers for them, where, together with her colleagues, she helped them to overcome their life crises. Several important assumptions can be distinguished in the educational system introduced by Karłowska. First of all, the social and moral development of the pupil was important. Much emphasis was placed on apprenticeship and work. Education to freedom, independence, and citizenship was also a priority, which was based on the assumptions of the pedagogy of dialogue and love. The educators had to show patience and understanding, work on the resources of the charges, and also prevent risky behaviors. Despite the passage of time, this concept has not lost its importance as it is based on universal values that are fundamental in educational work with young people at risk of social exclusion.

Mapping social exclusion in STEM to men’s implicit bias and women’s career costs

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (40) ◽  
pp. e2026308118
Author(s):  
Emily N. Cyr ◽  
Hilary B. Bergsieker ◽  
Tara C. Dennehy ◽  
Toni Schmader
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Implicit Stereotypes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Chilly Climate ◽  
Socially Excluded ◽  
Network Metrics ◽  
Workplace Outcomes

Why are women socially excluded in fields dominated by men? Beyond the barriers associated with any minority group’s mere numerical underrepresentation, we theorized that gender stereotypes exacerbate the social exclusion of women in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) workplaces, with career consequences. Although widely discussed, clear evidence of these relationships remains elusive. In a sample of 1,247 STEM professionals who work in teams, we tested preregistered hypotheses that acts of gendered social exclusion are systematically associated with both men’s gender stereotypes (Part 1) and negative workplace outcomes for women (Part 2). Combining social network metrics of inclusion and reaction time measures of implicit stereotypes (the tendency to “think STEM, think men”), this study provides unique empirical evidence of the chilly climate women often report experiencing in STEM. Men with stronger implicit gender stereotypes had fewer social ties to female teammates. In turn, women (but not men) with fewer incoming cross-gender social ties reported worse career fit and engagement. Moderated mediation revealed that for women (but not men), cross-gender social exclusion was linked to more negative workplace outcomes via lower social fit. Effects of social exclusion were distinct from respect. We discuss the possible benefits of fostering positive cross-gender social relationships to promote women’s professional success in STEM.

scholarly journals The Impacts of the Presence of an Unfamiliar Dog on Emerging Adults’ Physiological and Behavioral Responses Following Social Exclusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Ilona Papousek ◽  
Katharina Reiter-Scheidl ◽  
Helmut K. Lackner ◽  
Elisabeth M. Weiss ◽  
Corinna M. Perchtold-Stefan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Behavioral Reactions ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cardiac Responses ◽  
Perception Of Threat ◽  
The Social ◽  
Socially Excluded ◽  
Appraisal Processes

Research indicates that non-human attachment figures may mitigate the negative consequences of social exclusion. In the current experiment, we examined how the presence of an unfamiliar companion dog in the laboratory effects physiological and behavioral reactions in female emerging adults after social exclusion compared to inclusion. Results revealed the beneficial effects of the dog: Socially excluded participants in the company of a dog showed less aggressive behavior in response to the hot sauce paradigm compared to excluded participants in the control condition. Furthermore, cardiac responses indicated mitigated perception of threat in a subsequent insult episode when a dog was present. The presence of a dog did not impact the most instantaneous, “reflexive” response to the social exclusion as revealed by characteristic cardiac changes. Together, the findings indicate that the presence of a companion dog takes effect in a later, reflective period following a social exclusion experience, which implicates relevant social elaboration and appraisal processes.

THE USE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE FIELD OF MUNICIPAL SERVICES TO BUILD SOCIAL SECURITY OF THE PEOPLE THREATENED BY SOCIAL EXCLUSION. EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-216
Author(s):  
Michał Czuba
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Municipal Services ◽  
The People ◽  
European Experience ◽  
The Social ◽  
Socially Excluded

The main problem of this article is the possibility of using social entrepreneurship related to the provision of communal services to strengthen the sense of social security in people threatened by social exclusion. This problem is important because ensuring social security in a direct and indirect way is the task of the state. This task also ap-plies to people who are socially excluded or at risk of this phenomenon. Its implemen-tation may take place with the participation of social economy entities, supported by the state in a financial manner as well as through appropriate legislation in the scope of shaping the conditions for the development of the social economy. The aim of this study is to get to know the scope of social economy enterprises in the municipal services and their impact on people employed in this type of institutions, including the possibility of increasing the sense of social security of this people and confirming or denying that the majority of people working in this type social economy entities are people who are socially excluded or threatened with this phenomenon.

scholarly journals DISTANCE EDUCATION COMMUNICATIONS: THE SOCIAL PRESENCE AND MEDIA RICHNESS OF INSTANT MESSAGING

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Kuyath ◽  
Susan J. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Learning Environments ◽  
Social Presence ◽  
Instant Messaging ◽  
Discussion Groups ◽  
Media Richness ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Media Richness Theory ◽  
The Social

Instant messaging (IM) is changing the way we communicate with each other and may prove to be a more effective communication tool for distance learning environments than the more commonly used discussion groups and email. Media richness and social presence theories are described and young adults’ perception of IM’s richness and social presence are determined. In addition, preferences for using instant messaging for communicating messages of low, medium, and high levels of equivocality were investigated. The results indicate that young adults perceive IM to fall between email and the telephone in both social presence and media richness. As message equivocality increases, preference for the use of the telephone increases while preference for the use of email decreases. Preference for the use of IM increases for messages of intermediate equivocality, but decreases for those of high equivocality. Overall, young adults prefer IM over email as a communication tool, but prefer the phone over IM. Implications for media richness theory, social presence theory, and distance learning are described.

scholarly journals Touching a Teddy Bear Mitigates Negative Effects of Social Exclusion to Increase Prosocial Behavior

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 618-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Tai ◽  
Xue Zheng ◽  
Jayanth Narayanan
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Inanimate Object ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Teddy Bear ◽  
Object A ◽  
Socially Excluded ◽  
The Relationship

There is little empirical research to date that looks at how the deleterious effects of social exclusion can be mitigated. We examined how touching an inanimate object—a teddy bear—might impact the effect of social exclusion on prosocial behavior. Across two studies, we found that socially excluded individuals who touched a teddy bear acted more prosocially as compared to socially excluded individuals who just viewed the teddy bear from a distance. This effect was only observed for socially excluded participants and not for socially included (or control) participants. Overall, the findings suggest that touching a teddy bear mitigates the negative effects of social exclusion to increase prosocial behavior. In Study 2, positive emotion was found to mediate the relationship between touch and prosocial behavior. These results suggest a possible means to attenuate the unpleasant effects of social exclusion.

How social exclusion and high self-esteem negatively affect consumer attitudes toward anthropomorphized products

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ruiheng Fu ◽  
Wei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Consumer Attitudes ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Marketing Managers ◽  
Socially Excluded

Empirical studies have demonstrated that the anthropomorphism of products has positive effects on consumers' attitudes and behaviors toward those products. However, our findings in two experiments suggest that product anthropomorphism might produce negative effects under certain conditions. People who were socially excluded and who had high self-esteem evaluated anthropomorphized products more negatively than did those with low self-esteem, and the distinctiveness motivation mediated the effect of this interaction of social exclusion and self-esteem on attitudes toward anthropomorphized products. Our findings extend extant knowledge of product anthropomorphism and provide marketing managers with practical suggestions for applying marketing strategies that utilize anthropomorphized products.

Use of virtual reality and 360° video as narrative resources in the documentary genre: Towards a new immersive social documentary?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Isabel Rodríguez-Fidalgo ◽  
Adriana Paíno-Ambrosio
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Communications Industry ◽  
Social Documentary ◽  
Research Article ◽  
The Social ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Media

Virtual reality and 360° video are some of the latest technological developments within the media and communications industry. These technologies, which are designed to facilitate viewer immersion, are currently being used to create fictional and non-fictional content, thus giving rise to a new audio-visual narrative. On the basis of these premises, this research article analyses how immersive narratives are applied to the social documentary genre in its social dimension. To this end, qualitative content analysis was performed on a sample of 49 immersive documentaries published on the WITHIN platform. This analysis, which was completed with quantitative data, allowed us to confirm that these technologies have enabled the development of immersive narratives, which has given birth to a new type of documentary – the ‘immersive social documentary’.

scholarly journals Digital Marketing Effects of Clubhouse on Crowdfunding in the Context of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Peter Konhäusner ◽  
Robert Seidentopf
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Media Richness Theory ◽  
Expert Interview ◽  
The Social ◽  
Expansion Theory ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Media Channel

In the marketing mix, promotion is mentioned as using the communication channels available to present and market the product or service at hand. In recent years, social media has risen as an influential marketing communication channel in digital space. Apart from end-to-end direct messengers and video communication in times of the COVID-19 pandemic, the social media channel Clubhouse offers an audio-only experience. The current research lacks analysis of the potential influence of the hyped social network. Due to the novelty of the channel and the absence of text messages as well as visual stimuli, questions regarding the impact that usage of this social media channel might have on crowdfunding, a means of rising popularity in alternative financing, have arisen. The study builds upon the media richness theory of Daft and Lengel as well as the channel expansion theory of Carlson and Zmud. Besides literature research, explorative expert interview analyses were applied to answer the research question at hand. The main findings include different approaches to foster the opportunities of Clubhouse for marketing crowdfunding campaigns in line with insights about the user group of Clubhouse as well as development options for the platform.

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