scholarly journals HDFx and Methylated DNA; With Histones Upregulated in Macrophages/ Monocytes Derived From Animal Survivors Subjected to Traumatic, Endotoxin, and Hemorrhagic Shock: Importance of Epigenesis and Potential Reasons for Resistance to Bacterial, Fungal and Viral Infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Nobel Laureate ◽  
Traumatic Shock ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fluid Replacement ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Large Numbers

Each year approximately 60,000 people die from hemorrhagic shock in the U.S.A. with about two million deaths worldwide [1]. Deaths from traumatic shock, worldwide, has been difficult to estimate, due to battles/wars in many countries, but is thought to be more than two million victims/year [1]. Many reasons for these large numbers of deaths are known [for review, see1], for example, inadequate therapeutic measures, unavailability of adequate blood/ plasma/fluid replacement, seeing the patient too late, and unavailability of trained ER personnel, among the major reasons [for recent review, see1]. Another predominant reason for large numbers of hemorrhagic and traumatic shock deaths is the risk of sepsis in many of these victims, resulting in septic shock having mortalities in excess of 40- 75%, depending upon locality, with the lower numbers in the U.S.A. Lastly, and most important is “natural resistance of the body to infectious microorganisms” (i.e, bacteria, funguses, viruses, parasitic organisms, etc.). What is responsible for “natural resistance” has been studied for more than 150 years. We know that the “innate” and “adaptive” immune systems are key elements in defense against infectious microorganisms [2, 3]. But, which elements of these systems make-up major aspects of “resistance” and “host defense” still remains to be worked out. Using starfish, more than 140 years ago, the pioneer/father of immunology, and Nobel Laureate, Elie Metchnikoff, believed that white blood cells and macrophages were key to host-defense [4]. He also believed the body develops molecules/substances, which are key to resistance to infectious microorganisms [4].

Evaluation of clinical efficacy of Derinat® in form of spray in practice of district therapist

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
A. P. Babkin ◽  
A. A. Zuikova ◽  
O. N. Krasnorutskaya ◽  
Yu. A. Kotova ◽  
D. Yu. Bugrimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Acute Respiratory Diseases ◽  
T Helpers ◽  
T Killers ◽  
Stimulation Of

The widespread worldwide spread of acute respiratory diseases is an urgent problem in health care. Expressed polyetiology of respiratory diseases does not allow to limit the use of specific vaccine preparations and dictates the need to use to combat them a variety of non-specific means that stimulate the natural resistance of the human body. The main pharmacological action of sodium deoxyribonucleate is the stimulation of phagocytic activity of T-helpers and T-killers, increasing the functional activity of neutrophils and monocytes/ macrophages, providing regeneration and repair processes in the epithelial component of antiviral protection of the body. Based on the above, the study of the clinical efficacy of Derinat® in the form of spray in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections is relevant.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVE LONGEVITY OF COWS WITH DIFFERENT STRESS RESISTANCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Chupsheva ◽  
Sergey Karamaev ◽  
Anna Karamayeva
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Hematological Indicators

The research goal is to increase the duration of the period of productive use of cows in modern complexes for milk production. The object of research is cows of the newly created intra-breed middle Volga type of black-and-white breed, culled for various reasons from the herd in the period from 2016 to 2018. All animals for further statistical processing of the studied indicators were divided into four groups, taking into account the type of stress resistance according to the method of E. p. Kokorina in the modification described by E. N. Letyagina. It was found that all hematological indicators decrease with increasing stress resistance in cows, except for the content of white blood cells. An increase in the concentration of white blood cells in the blood by 6.8-41.9% is probably a protective reaction of the body. Different reactivity of cows to the action of stress factors has an impact on the natural resistance of their body. A decrease in BASC by 3.2-10.5% was found, LASC – by 3.5-9.0%, FUNK-by 1.8-7.3%. When stress resistance decreases, the concentration of immunoglobulins in the blood decreases: IgG-by 3.9 – 11.2%, IgM-by 1.1 – 22.5%, IgA-by 3.4 – 24.1%. Studies have shown that cows of the first type of stress was superior to their peers with high stress-STU life expectancy at 262,6-1264,8 day (11,6-100%; P<0,05-0,001); in the long-STI period of productive use – on 0,2-2,5 lactation (4,7-125%; P<0.001); the magnitude of the average milk yield per lactation on 487-2175 kg of milk (8,5-53.6 percent; P<0,05-0,001); the value of lifetime milk yield – for 3340-19924 kg of milk (13.5-245.5%; P<0.01-0.001); for milk yield per 1 day of life-0.2-4.7 kg (1,8-73,4%; P<0,001), on the 1st day of lactation – 2,3-5,5 kg (13,9-41,4%; P<0,001). It is recommended that the" breeding core " of the herd be equipped with animals of types I and II of stress resistance. When using type II stress resistance cows, additional attention should be paid to the milk productivity of their mothers when selecting breeding bulls.

scholarly journals НЕСПЕЦІФІЧНА РЕЗИСТЕНТНІСТЬ КОЗЕНЯТ ЗА ДІЇ ПРОБІОТИКА «ЕВІТАЛІЯ» В УМОВАХ НЕ РЕГУЛЬОВАНОГО МІКРОКЛІМАТУ

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3(70)) ◽  
pp. 196-200
Author(s):  
A.N. Petrenko ◽  
L.L. Kushch
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
Freeze Dried

Probiotic «Evitaliya» is freeze–dried, specific strains of lactic acid microorganisms (Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus helveticus, Propionibacterium fredenreichii ssp shernanii), they contain vitamins B1, B2, B6, B12, A, E, C iron minerals, calcium, magnesium.The purpose of the study was to clarify the effect of the probiotic ferment «Evitaliya» on nonspecific resistance of kids zaanovskoy breed microclimate conditions according VNTP (for sheep and goat breeding enterprises): the room temperature 12–14 °C, relative humidity of 55 – 70%, the carbon dioxide content – 1.5 – 1.8 l/m3 and ammonia – 10 – 15mg/m3 air bacterial contamination 15 – 20 tys. KOE/m3. Implementation of this goal was decided to use hygienic (temperature, relative humidity, air velocity); hematological (red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin), biochemical (total protein, albumin, globulin); immune (humoral factors – lysozyme and bactericidal activity of blood serum, cell – the neutrophil phagocytic activity), statisticsGetting results and their novelty: for the first time tested the new probiotic yeast «Evitaliya», with its goats orally at a dose of – 200 ml/head in the morning and evening, 100 ml.It was found that the use of «Evitaliya» promotes activation of redox processes in the body kids, stimulation of erythropoiesis: increase in hemoglobin concentration of 0.56% (P ≤ 0.05), the number of red blood cells to – 10.2% (P ≤ 0.05).Use of the drug is moderately activates metabolic processes in the body of kids: increases total protein content by 7.14% (P ≤ 0.05), globulin – by 1.76% (P ≤ 0.05). Use of the drug «Evitaliya» at the indicated doses helps stimulate natural resistance olrganіzmu kids: humoral protection indicators (BASK) rose by 1.52% (LASK) by 1.81%, the cell indices (FA) compared to the control were higher – 4.97%. 

scholarly journals The effectiveness of new feed additives on the basis of lactulose in growing rabbits

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
O.A. Knyazhеchenko ◽  
◽  
I.A. Semenova ◽  
A.A. Mosolov ◽  
M.V. Frolova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Absolute Increase

Aim. To study the feasibility of using feed additives containing powdered feed preparations with different lactulose content in the amount of 5 g/kg of extruded compound feed together with the main diet in terms of the effect on the quality indicators of raw materials and the natural resistance of the body of experimental rabbits. Materials and Methods. The effectiveness was evaluated after the control slaughter at the age of 150 days in the number of 5 heads from each group. The change in live weight was determined when the rabbits reached the age of 75, 105, 135 and 150 days by weighing on an electronic scale. The physiological state and resistance of rabbits were evaluated by hematological parameters. The obtained materials were processed by the methods of variation statistics. Results. The analysis of dynamics of changes of alive weight of animals showed that feed supplementation with lactulose had a positive impact on the growth of animals the live weight of rabbits in groups I and II were greater at 3.8 and 6.2% absolute increase in live weight during the period of experience increased by 5.3 and 7.9%, respectively, compared to control. At the same time, the effect of supplements on blood parameters should also be noted. In our studies, the rabbits of the experimental groups had an advantage over the rabbits of the control group in terms of the level of red blood cells by 0.94·1012 g/l (18.7%) and 1.12·1012 g/l; white blood cells - by 0.50·109 (7.2%) g/l and 0.59·109 g/l (8.5%), respectively. The level of hemoglobin in the blood of rabbits increased by the end of the experiment in the control group by 3.7%, in I – by 12.5%, in II – by 15.9%. Conclusion. Based on the presented results, it can be concluded that the data on quantitative changes in blood were due to the influence of feed additives, which contributed to an increase in the natural resistance of rabbits, and the best indicators were achieved by rabbits of the II experimental group.

Analysis of the Anterior Secretory Cells of Onchidohs Muricata (Nudibranchia)

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 614-615
Author(s):  
Roy Skidmore
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Golgi Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Secretory Vesicles ◽  
High Magnification ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Sole Of The Foot

The long-necked secretory cells in Onchidoris muricata are distributed in the anterior sole of the foot. These cells are interspersed among ciliated columnar and conical cells as well as short-necked secretory gland cells. The long-necked cells contribute a significant amount of mucoid materials to the slime on which the nudibranch travels. The body of these cells is found in the subepidermal tissues. A long process extends across the basal lamina and in between cells of the epidermis to the surface of the foot. The secretory granules travel along the process and their contents are expelled by exocytosis at the foot surface.The contents of the cell body include the nucleus, some endoplasmic reticulum, and an extensive Golgi body with large numbers of secretory vesicles (Fig. 1). The secretory vesicles are membrane bound and contain a fibrillar matrix. At high magnification the similarity of the contents in the Golgi saccules and the secretory vesicles becomes apparent (Fig. 2).

Treatment of ebola and other infectious diseases: melatonin “goes viral”

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russel J Reiter ◽  
Qiang Ma ◽  
Ramaswamy Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Safety Profile ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Attractive Potential ◽  
Potential Treatment

This review summarizes published reports on the utility of melatonin as a treatment for virus-mediated diseases. Of special note are the data related to the role of melatonin in influencing Ebola virus disease. This infection and deadly condition has no effective treatment and the published works documenting the ability of melatonin to attenuate the severity of viral infections generally and Ebola infection specifically are considered. The capacity of melatonin to prevent one of the major complications of an Ebola infection, i.e., the hemorrhagic shock syndrome, which often contributes to the high mortality rate, is noteworthy. Considering the high safety profile of melatonin, the fact that it is easily produced, inexpensive and can be self-administered makes it an attractive potential treatment for Ebola virus pathology.  

Influence of DAFS-25+polizon composition on blood and functional state of liver of steers at fattening

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Inna R. Kilmetova ◽  
◽  
Igor A. Rodin ◽  
Nazira I. Khayrullina ◽  
Nikolay G. Fenchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Stimulation Of

Summary. The disbalanced feeding and the uneven distribution of micro- and macroelements in the environment leads to a trace element, in particular hypomelanosis. To accelerate the growth and preservation of young farm animals include in the diet of various biological additives and drugs, which include selenium. For stimulation of weight gain in the livestock industry, as well as for the prevention and treatment of pathological processes in addition to micro - and macrouse amino acids, primarily methionine. The aim of this work was to study the influence of composition of DAFS-25+Polizon on morpho-biochemical parameters of blood and functional state of the liver in fattening bulls of black-motley breed in the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Experiments using were conducted on bull-calves of black-motley breed of the properties in the properties age from 6 to 15 months. The first experimental group during the experiment was additionally given the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg, the animals of the control group received a standard diet. To assess the impact of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon on metabolism cattle studied morphological and biochemical indicators of blood and conducted histological examination of the liver. It is established that the use of the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg increases the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the experimental group and reduces the amount of white blood cells. The serum content of total protein, phosphorus and calcium increases in the group of experimental animals. Microscopic examination of the liver revealed no changes in the structure of the organ and hepatocytes in the experimental group, whereas in the control group hemodynamic disorders and dystrophic changes in liver cells were observed. Thus, the use of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg of live weight in fattening bulls black-and-white breed contributes to the increase of redox processes in the body, stimulation of metabolism, prevent the development of liver disorders of cellular mechanisms of metabolism, optimizes the structure of the liver, which generally provides higher productivity.

Role of Rasayana in Prevention of COVID-19 - A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 716-722
Author(s):  
Sneha Dhakite ◽  
Sadhana Misar Wajpeyi
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Healthy Life Style ◽  
And Control

The “Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)” is caused by “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)”, a newly discovered member of the Coronaviridae family of viruses which is a highly communicable. There is no effective medical treatment till date for Coronavirus disease hence prevention is the best way to keep disease away. Rasayana proved to be highly efficacious and cost effective for the Prevention and Control of viral infections when vaccines and standard therapies are lacking. Rasayana Chikitsa is one of the eight branches of Ashtanga Ayurveda which helps to maintain healthy life style. Rasayana improves immunity and performs many vital functions of human body. Vyadhikshamatva that is immune mechanism of the body is involved in Prevention of the occurrence of a new disease and it also decreases the virulence and progression of an existing disease. In COVID-19 the Respiratory system mainly get affected which is evident from its symptoms like cold, cough and breathlessness. Here the drugs help in enhancing immune system and strengthening functions of Respiratory system can be useful. For this purpose, the Rasayana like Chyavanprasha, Agastya Haritaki, Pippali Rasayana, Guduchi, Yashtimadhu, Haridra, Ashwagandha, Tulsi are used. Rasayana working on Respiratory system are best for Prevention of Coronavirus and boosting immune system. Rasayana Chikitsa can be effective in the Prevention as well as reducing symptoms of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Functional profiling of COVID-19 respiratory tract microbiomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niina Haiminen ◽  
Filippo Utro ◽  
Ed Seabolt ◽  
Laxmi Parida
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Functional Profiling

AbstractIn response to the ongoing global pandemic, characterizing the molecular-level host interactions of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 responsible for COVID-19 has been at the center of unprecedented scientific focus. However, when the virus enters the body it also interacts with the micro-organisms already inhabiting the host. Understanding the virus-host-microbiome interactions can yield additional insights into the biological processes perturbed by viral invasion. Alterations in the gut microbiome species and metabolites have been noted during respiratory viral infections, possibly impacting the lungs via gut-lung microbiome crosstalk. To better characterize microbial functions in the lower respiratory tract during COVID-19 infection, we carry out a functional analysis of previously published metatranscriptome sequencing data of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from eight COVID-19 cases, twenty-five community-acquired pneumonia patients, and twenty healthy controls. The functional profiles resulting from comparing the sequences against annotated microbial protein domains clearly separate the cohorts. By examining the associated metabolic pathways, distinguishing functional signatures in COVID-19 respiratory tract microbiomes are identified, including decreased potential for lipid metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism pathways, and increased potential for carbohydrate metabolism pathways. The results include overlap between previous studies on COVID-19 microbiomes, including decrease in the glycosaminoglycan degradation pathway and increase in carbohydrate metabolism. The results also suggest novel connections to consider, possibly specific to the lower respiratory tract microbiome, calling for further research on microbial functions and host-microbiome interactions during SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Role of Mitochondria in Viral Infections

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Srikanth Elesela ◽  
Nicholas W. Lukacs
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Innate Immune Signaling ◽  
Mitochondrial Functions ◽  
Host Virus Interactions ◽  
Virus Interactions

Viral diseases account for an increasing proportion of deaths worldwide. Viruses maneuver host cell machinery in an attempt to subvert the intracellular environment favorable for their replication. The mitochondrial network is highly susceptible to physiological and environmental insults, including viral infections. Viruses affect mitochondrial functions and impact mitochondrial metabolism, and innate immune signaling. Resurgence of host-virus interactions in recent literature emphasizes the key role of mitochondria and host metabolism on viral life processes. Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to damage of mitochondria that generate toxic compounds, importantly mitochondrial DNA, inducing systemic toxicity, leading to damage of multiple organs in the body. Mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy are essential for the maintenance of mitochondrial quality control and homeostasis. Therefore, metabolic antagonists may be essential to gain a better understanding of viral diseases and develop effective antiviral therapeutics. This review briefly discusses how viruses exploit mitochondrial dynamics for virus proliferation and induce associated diseases.

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