scholarly journals Assessment of allelopathic potential of the salicylic acid on target plants: Euphorbia heterophylla and Bidens pilosa

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e6911124863
Author(s):  
Gabrielli Monzani de Lima ◽  
José Donizetti de Lima ◽  
Vanderlei Aparecido de Lima ◽  
Michelangelo Muzell Trezzi ◽  
Beatriz Helena Lameiro de Noronha Sales Maia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Hypocotyl Length ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Allelopathic Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Pure Substances ◽  
And Control

Salicylic acid has one of its characteristics the allelopathic potential. The present paper, is a research quantitative in nature aimed to assess the allelopathic potential of salicylic acid to identify the best concentration range for other pure substances. The bioassays were performed in a BOD incubator, seeking to assess the seedling growth by measuring the radicle and hypocotyl length. Each bioassay occurred for 12 days. The concentrations of salicylic acid used in the bioassays were: 1000, 750, 500, 250, 125, and 62.5 ppm and control. The obtained data were submitted to the tests: Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality, the two-way ANOVA with repetition, and Tukey. Based on the results obtained, it was possible to observe that several concentrations demonstrated significant differences, i.e., there is an allelopathic activity in both species (Euphorbia heterophylla and Bidens pilosa). The highlights were for the concentrations of 750 and 1000 ppm for E. heterophylla and 500, 750 and 1000 ppm for B. pilosa. However, there was no significant difference between these concentration groups. The radicle’s length was the part most negatively affected. These results can be used to identify better concentrations for other pure substances, which are usually obtained in small quantities, being useful in the formulation of a product with characteristics of bio-herbicides.

scholarly journals Comparison of allelopathic effects of some brassica species in two growth stages on germination and growth of sunflower

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jafariehyazdi ◽  
F. Javidfar
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Hypocotyl Length ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Brassica Spp ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Stages

Members of Brassicaceae have been frequently cited as allelopathic crop. The toxic effect of Brassica spp. may be caused by hydrolysis products of glucosinolates that occur in substantial amounts in the vegetative parts of Brassica spp. This study investigated the allelopathic potential of Brassica napus, B. rapa and B. juncea on the sunflower seed germination and seedling growth. Aqueous extracts of three species from two stages (full flowering and straw) of sampling were separately made with 0 (distilled water), 10, 20, 30 and 40% concentrations. This experiment was conducted in 2 × 3 × 5 factorial arrangement based on completely randomized design with five replications. There was a highly significant difference among different concentrations of extracts and also between two stages of extraction. All aqueous extracts significantly affected sunflower germination, germination rate, seedling root and hypocotyl length, fresh and dry matter weight when compared with distilled water control. The greatest concentration showed a stronger inhibitory effect. Root length was more sensitive to extracts than hypocotyl length.

Chemical constituents and allelopathic activity of the essential oil from leaves of Eremanthus erythropappus

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Resende Pinto ◽  
Janaína Brandão Seibert ◽  
Orlando David Henrique dos Santos ◽  
Sidney Augusto Vieira Filho ◽  
Andréa Mendes do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Allelopathic Activity ◽  
Radicle Length

The essential oil from leaves of Eremanthus erythropappus (DC.) MacLeish (Asteraceae) collected in South-eastern Brazil was extracted using a combination of water and steam distillation and investigated by chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were predominant (46.6%), followed by oxygenated sesquiterpenes (29.3%) and monoterpene hydrocarbons (18.8%). The major compounds were (β)-caryophyllene (29.3%), caryophyllene oxide (22.1%) and β-pinene (12.8%). The allelopathic activity of E. erythropappus essential oil on the seed germination and radicle length of seedlings was evaluated in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) and in two field weeds (field mustard – Brassica rapa L. and hairy beggarticks – Bidens pilosa L.). Among the weed species tested, the most significant inhibition of seed germination was observed in field mustard, as measured by the half–minimal inhibitory concentration, IC50 (IC50=26.5μL mL–1), and the most significant inhibitory effect on radicle length of seedlings was observed in seedlings of hairy beggarticks (IC50=16.3μL mL–1). In contrast, the lowest allelopathic effects of E. erythropappus essential oil on seed germination and radicle length of seedlings were observed in tomato (IC50=>200μL mL–1 and 130.1μL mL–1 respectively) and lettuce (IC50=97.1μL mL–1 and 35.1μL mL–1 respectively). These results revealed significant allelopathic potential of E. erythropappus essential oil against weeds, but minimal effect on lettuce and tomato germination, and thus suggests it is feasible to use E. erythropappus sustainability as an eco-friendly bioherbicide in cropping settings.

scholarly journals ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF LEAF AND ROOT SESAME ON SICKLEPOD AND BRACHIARIA SEEDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-537
Author(s):  
Gustavo Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Nilbe Carla Mapeli ◽  
Cassiano Cremon ◽  
Larissa Chamma ◽  
Bruno Cesar Ottoboni Luperini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Hypocotyl Length ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Radicle Length

Sicklepod is an important weed in Brazil pastures, but control measures are not yet effective. Thus, allelopathy can be an alternative, due to its ecological importance and for being able to provide new structures sources for agrochemicals production. This research aimed to verify the allelopathic potential of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) on germination and seedling development of sicklepod (Senna occidentalis L.) and brachiaria (Brachiaria brizantha). The treatments were root and leaf extract of sesame, and control (distilled water).  Germination percentage, speed of germination, hypocotyl and radicle length were evaluated. Speed of germination, germination percentage and radicle length had no interference from the aqueous extracts. However, in brachiaria these traits had lower values than sicklepod. Hypocotyl length was not influenced by the extracts, however, the leaf extract showed lower growth of this feature. Allelopathy did not affect germination and speed of germination in both species, but interfered in brachiaria development.

scholarly journals Speed Characteristics in Relation to Speed Limit Increase and Its Influence on Driver’s Speed Selection Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1369
Author(s):  
Reza S. Shirazinejad ◽  
Sunanda Dissanayake
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Quality Measurement ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Selection Behavior ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Speed Selection ◽  
And Control

Speed is a quality measurement for travel, since it is related to traffic, safety, time, and economics. The speed limit on selected freeways in Kansas changed from 70 mph to 75 mph in the summer of 2011. In this study, the driver’s speed selection behavior was analyzed by considering average speed and 85th percentile speed in the before and after periods. Data from Automatic Traffic Recorders (ATRs) on the sections affected by speed limit increase and sections with no speed limit increase were analyzed. The t-test was applied to investigate if there was any significant difference in the speed of drivers on both treated and control sections. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test was also conducted to see if the distribution of speed data in the before period was different than after the period. The results showed that for the majority of the sections affected by speed limit change, there was a statistically significant difference in the 85th percentile speed of drivers during after period. Additionally, the K-S test results showed that the distribution of speed data in the before period was different than after the period for the majority of treated sections. The results indicated how drivers’ behavior was influenced by the speed limit increase.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Allelopathic Potential of Leaf Extracts from Dischidia imbricata (Blume) Steud. on the Seedling Growth of Six Test Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1019-1024
Author(s):  
Ramida KRUMSRI ◽  
Sutjaritpan BOONMEE ◽  
Hisashi KATO-NOGUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Allelopathic Activity

Dischidia imbricata (Blume) Steud. is a herbaceous plant belonging to the Apocynaceae family. This plant has been reported to possess various pharmacological properties, however, there has been no report related to its allelopathic properties. Therefore, the aqueous methanol extracts of D. imbricata were examined for possible allelopathic activity against the seedling growth of dicotyledonous plants; lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), cress (Lepidium sativum L.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and monocotyledonous plants; barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), and timothy (Phleum pratense L.). D. imbricata extracts exhibited a significant inhibition on the seedling growth of all the test plant species at the concentration ≥ 0.01 g dry weight equivalent extract mL-1. The seedling growth of lettuce showed the highest inhibition with D. imbricata extracts followed by alfalfa and cress, whereas the least inhibition was found on the seedling growth of timothy. Concentrations required for 50% inhibition (I50 values) of all the test plant species were in the range of 0.003 to 0.067 g D.W. equivalent extract mL-1 for shoot growth, and 0.018 to 0.026 g D.W. equivalent extract mL-1 for root growth. In addition considering the I50 values, the root growth of the test plant species was more sensitive to D. imbricata extracts than their shoot growth, except cress seedling. These results indicated that D. imbricata may possess allelopathic activity and may contain allelopathic substances.   ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

IOP Lowering Effects of Ocimum basilicum Seed Extract in Two Rabbit Models of Ocular Hypertension

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Renu Agarwal ◽  
SK Gupta ◽  
Sushma Srivastava ◽  
Rohit Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Hypertension ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Water Loading ◽  
Antiglaucoma Medication ◽  
Lowering Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Ocimum basilicum (OB), a herb known for its antihypertensive, anticholinesterase and antioxidant properties was investigated for possible intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effects in rabbits with ocular hypertension (OHT). Methods: The IOP lowering effect of a single drop of OB extract (OBE) was evaluated in oculonormotensive rabbits using three concentrations (0.25, 0.5 and 1% w/v). The concentration showing maximum IOP reduction was further evaluated in rabbits with water-loading and steroid-induced OHT. Results: IOP lowering effect of OBE 0.5% in oculonormotensive rabbit eyes was significantly greater compared to OBE 0.25% (p<0.05) but was comparable (p>0.05) to OBE 1%. Therefore, 0.5% concentration was selected for further evaluation. Pretreatment with OBE (0.5%) caused significantly lower increase in IOP after water loading amounting to 23.39% above baseline as compared to 54.00% in control eye, 15 minutes post water loading. At 60 minutes, post water loading, mean IOP rise was 95.12% and 63.58% in control and test eyes, respectively. Significant difference between the mean IOP of two eyes persisted during the 2nd hr. In rabbits with steroid induced OHT, OBE 0.5% produced a mean IOP reduction of 24.73% at the end of first hr and the mean peak IOP reduction of 31.63% was observed at the end of 2 hr. A significant difference between the IOP of test and control eyes persisted from 1 to 6 hr. Conclusions: Ocimum basilicum seed extract showed significant IOP lowering effect in rabbits with water loading and steroid induced OHT, however, its utility as an effective antiglaucoma medication needs further investigations.

Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil as Adjunct Therapy in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Nazli Zainuddin ◽  
Nurul Azira Mohd Shah ◽  
Rosdan Salim
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Nasal Symptom ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Introduction: The role of virgin coconut oil in the treatment of allergic rhinitis is controversial. Thus, the aim of the present study is to determine the effects of virgin coconut oil ingestion, in addition to standard medications, on allergic rhinitis. We also studied the side effects of consumption of virgin coconut oil. Methods: Fifty two subjects were equally divided into test and control groups. All subjects received a daily dose of 10mg of loratadine for 28 days. The test group was given 10ml of virgin coconut oil three times a day in addition to loratadine. The symptoms of allergic rhinitis were scored at the beginning and end of the study. Results:, the symptom score were divided into nasal and non-nasal symptom scores. Sneezing score showed a significant difference, however the score was more in control group than test group, indicating that improvement in symptom was more in control group. The rest of the nasal symptom and non-nasal symptom score showed no significant difference between test and control groups. Approximately 58% of the test subjects developed side effects from consumption of virgin coconut oil, mainly gastrointestinal side effects. Conclusion: In the present study, ingestion of virgin coconut oil does not improve the overall and individual symptoms of allergic rhinitis, furthermore it has side effects.

Enrichment of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) diet with Malic acid: Effects on skin mucosal immunity, antioxidant defecne and growth performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roghieh Safari ◽  
Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar ◽  
Maryam Dadar ◽  
Hien Van Doan
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skin Mucus ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Treatment Comparison ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe present study investigated possible effects of dietary malic acid on the expression of immunity, antioxidant and growth related genes expression as well as skin mucus immune parameters in common carp. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings were fed diets supplemented with different levels (0 [control], 0.5%, 1%, 2%) of malic acid (MA) for 60 days. The results revealed highest expression levels of immune-related genes (tnf-alpha, il1b, il8 and lyz) in skin of common carp fed 2% MA (P < 0.05). Regarding 1% MA treatment comparison with control group, significant difference was noticed just in case of lyz (P < 0.05). Evaluation of growth related genes expression revealed no significant difference between treatments (P > 0.05). The study of antioxidant related genes (gsta and gpx) in common carp skin fed with MA, showed significant difference between treated groups and control (P < 0.05). Carps fed with 2% MA had highest alkaline phosphatase activity in skin mucus compared other treated groups and control (P < 0.05). There were no significant difference between 0.5% and 1% and control (P > 0.05). The study of total protein and total immunoglobulin (Ig) in common carp skin musus revealed no alteration following MA treatment (P > 0.05). The present data demonstrated that feeding with MA altered immune and antioxidant genes expression in skin mucus of common carp.

THE EFFECT OF THE ATTITUDE TOWARD BREASTFEEDING CONCEPT BASED COMIC ON THE ADOLESCENCE'S ATTITUDE TOWARD EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Mekar Dwi Anggraeni ◽  
Lutfatul Latifah ◽  
Aprilia Kartikasari ◽  
Ima Rismawati
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
T Test ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Marriage Age ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Control

Background and purpose: The earlier development of the attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding produces the longer exclusive breastfeeding duration. Considering the first marriage age among Indonesian, the attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding should be developed at the adolescence age. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the attitude toward breastfeeding concept based comic on the adolescent's attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding. Method: This was a quasy experimental posttest only with control group study. The respondents were provided an comic. The respondent's attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding was measured using The Breastfeeding Attitude Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using independent and dependent t test. Results: The majority of respondents were aged 17 years old in both intervention (70%) and control grup (63%), first child in both intervention (23,3%) and control grup (26,7%), and had a nuclear family in both intervention (80%) and control grup (90%). The independent t test showed that there was a significant difference between post-test scores among the intervention and control groups (t = 5,602, p < 0,01). Conclusion and recommendation: Nurses may use the Attitude Toward Breastfeeding based comic to increase the Adolescence's attitude toward breastfeeding.Keywords: Comic, Attitudes Toward Exclusive Breastfeeding, Adolescence

Stick Figure and Think, Talk And Write: Integrating Media With Teaching Strategy For A Better Writing Competence

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Eva Sudarwati ◽  
Shynta Amalia
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Strategy ◽  
T Test ◽  
Narrative Writing ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Stick Figure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
And Control ◽  
Writing Competence

Abstract This study attempts to see the effect of Think, Talk, and Write strategy on the students’ narrative writing competence. Considering the importance of the use of teaching media, this study tries to integrate Stick Figure as a teaching media in Think, Talk, and Write Strategy. A quasi experimental study was conducted to see the improvement of the students’ narrative writing competence. It involved 42 students who were selected on the basis of convenience sampling and assigned into two groups; experimental and control groups. The statistical analyses of paired sample t-test in experimental group showed that there was significant improvement on the students’ writing competence before (M=5.77, SD= 2.342) and after (M= 11.79, SD= 2.342), t(21)=12.059, p<0.05.Moreover, the result of independent t-test between experimental and control groups showed a significant difference. It can be seen that the mean differences was 3.79545 and the significance value is lower than 0.05, 0.000<0.05.

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