scholarly journals Time Course Transcriptomic Study Reveals the Gene Regulation During Liver Development and the Correlation With Abdominal Fat Weight in Chicken

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyuan Xing ◽  
Ranran Liu ◽  
Guiping Zhao ◽  
Martien A. M. Groenen ◽  
Ole Madsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Chicken Liver ◽  
Liver Gene ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Slow Growing

Background: The liver is the central metabolic organ of animals. In chicken, knowledge on the relationship between gene expression in the liver and fat deposition during development is still limited. A time-course transcriptomic study from the embryonic (day 12) to the egg-producing period (day 180 after hatch) was performed to profile slow-growing meat type chicken liver gene expression and to investigate its correlation with abdominal fat deposition.Results: The transcriptome profiles showed a separation of the different developmental stages. In total, 13,096 genes were ubiquitously expressed at all the tested developmental stages. The analysis of differentially expressed genes between adjacent developmental stages showed that biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids pathway was enriched from day 21 to day 140 after hatch. The correlation between liver gene expression and the trait abdominal fat weight (AFW) was analyzed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. The genes MFGE8, HHLA1, CKAP2, and ACSBG2 were identified as hub genes in AFW positively correlated modules, which suggested important roles of these genes in the lipid metabolism in chicken liver.Conclusion: Our results provided a resource of developmental transcriptome profiles in chicken liver and suggested that the gene ACSBG2 among other detected genes can be used as a candidate gene for selecting low AFW chickens.

Gene expression after resumption of development of Artemia franciscana cryptobiotic embryos

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 78-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Escalante ◽  
Alberto García-Sáez ◽  
Maria-Asunción Ortega ◽  
Leandro Sastre
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Artemia Franciscana ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Mrna Accumulation ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Steady State Levels ◽  
Cyst Development

The steady-state levels of six different mRNAs have been studied during Artemia franciscana development. Some of these mRNAs are present in the cryptobiotic cyst, like those coding for cytoplasmic actins, sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, and the Na+,K+-ATPase α-subunit isoform coded by the clone pArATNa136. The expression of these mRNAs is markedly induced during cyst development. A small increase in mRNA levels can be observed for some genes at very early stages of development (2 h). The main increase is observed between 4 and 16 h of development for all these genes, although the time course of mRNA accumulation is different for each one of the genes studied. Some other genes, like those coding for muscle actin (actin 3) or the Na+,K+-ATPase α-subunit isoform coded by the cDNA clone α2850, are not expressed in the cyst before resumption of development and their expression is induced after 10 or 6 h of development, respectively. These data on the kinetic of mRNA accumulation provide the information required to determine transcriptionally active developmental stages, necessary to study in more detail the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation during activation of cryptobiotic cysts and resumption of embryonic development.Key words: Artemia, gene expression, actin, Na,K-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase.

scholarly journals Increasing Fat Deposition via Upregulates the Transcription of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ) in Native Crossbred Chicken

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supanon Tunim ◽  
Yupin Phasuk ◽  
Samuel E. Aggrey ◽  
Monchai Duangjinda
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Chicken Breeds ◽  
Pparγ Expression ◽  
Pparγ Gene

Abstract Background: Crossbreeding using exotic breeds is usually employed to improve the growth characteristics of indigenous chickens. This mating not only provides growth but affect adversely to fat deposition as well. We studied the growth, abdominal, subcutaneous and intramuscular fat and mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α and PPARγ in adipose and muscle tissues of four chicken breeds [Chee breed (CH) (100% Thai native chicken), Kaimook e-san1 (KM1; 50% CH background), Kaimook e-san2 (KM2; 25% CH background), and broiler (BR)]. This study was aim to study role of PPARs on fat deposition in native crossbred chicken.Results: The BR chickens had higher abdominal fat than other breeds (P<0.05) and the KM2 had an abdominal fat percentage higher than KM1 and CH respectively (P<0.05). The intramuscular fat (IMF) of BR was greater than KM1 and CH (P<0.05). In adipose tissue, PPARα transcription expression was different among the chicken breeds. However, there were breed differences in PPARγ gene expression. Study of abdominal fat PPARγ gene expression showed the BR breed, KM1, and KM2 breed significantly greater (P<0.05) than CH. In 8 to 12 weeks of age, the result shows that the PPARγ expression of the CH breed is less than (P<0.05) KM2. The result of PPARs expression in muscle tissue was similar result in adipose tissue.Conclusion: Crossbreeding improved the growth of the Thai native breed, there was also a corresponding increase in carcass fatness. However, there appears to be a relationship between PPARγ expression and fat deposition traits. therefore, PPARγ activity plays a key role in lipid accumulation by up-regulation.

Dietary supplementation with L-arginine and combinations of different oil sources beneficially regulates body fat deposition, lipogenic gene expression, growth performance and carcass yield in broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Khatun ◽  
T. C. Loh ◽  
H. Akit ◽  
H. L. Foo ◽  
R. Mohamad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Lipogenic Gene ◽  
Lipogenic Gene Expression

Context Broiler meat with excessive of fat and saturated fatty acids content has serious health implication for consumers. The accumulation of abdominal fats in broiler chickens constitutes a loss of dietary energy and also reduces carcass yield. Oil rich in unsaturated fatty acids and l-arginine are effective for reducing fat deposition and improve meat quality. Aims The aim of this study was to examine the effects of supplementation of l-arginine (l-Arg) with four combinations of palm oil (PO) and sunflower oil (SO) on growth performance, carcass yield, fat deposition, lipogenic gene expression and blood lipid profile in broiler chickens. Methods A total of 180 1-day-old chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments as: T1, 6% PO (control); T2, 6% PO + 0.25% l-Arg; T3, 4% PO + 2% SO + 0.25% l-Arg; T4, 2% PO + 4% SO + 0.25% l-Arg; and T5, 6% SO + 0.25% l-Arg. Key results Birds fed l-Arg and combinations of PO and SO had higher weight gain at starter and finisher period compared with the control. The carcass yield increased, and relative abdominal fat reduced in broiler fed with combinations of l-Arg and increased level of SO in the diet. The concentration of oleic, palmitoleic and total monounsaturated fatty acids in liver tissue decreased by addition of l-Arg in broiler diet. The palmitic and total saturated fatty acid decreased, and total unsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids increased in liver tissue when PO replaced progressively by SO supplemented with l-Arg in the diet. The acetyl-CoA carboxylase , stearoyl-CoA desaturase and fatty acid synthetase gene expression tended to decrease by supplementation of l-Arg with an increased level of SO compared with control. Conclusion Supplementation with l-Arg and combination of PO and SO at the ratio of 4:2 could inhibit lipogenesis and subsequent lower abdominal fat deposition and enhance growth performance and carcass yield in broiler chickens. Implications Ratio of PO and SO, 4:2 with l-Arg supplementation in the dietary of broiler chickens can contribute to a better growth performance, lesser fat deposition and greater carcass yield.

scholarly journals Time Course of Microbiologic Outcome and Gene Expression in Candida albicans during and following In Vitro and In Vivo Exposure to Fluconazole

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1311-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lepak ◽  
J. Nett ◽  
L. Lincoln ◽  
K. Marchillo ◽  
D. Andes
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Time Points ◽  
In Vivo Expression ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Pharmacodynamics (PD) considers the relationship between drug exposure and effect. The two factors that have been used to distinguish the PD behaviors of antimicrobials are the impact of concentration on the extent of organism killing and the duration of persistent microbiologic suppression (postantibiotic effect). The goals of these studies were (i) to examine the relationship between antimicrobial PD and gene expression and (ii) to gain insight into the mechanism of fluconazole effects persisting following exposure. Microarrays were used to estimate the transcriptional response of Candida albicans to a supra-MIC F exposure over time in vitro. Fluconazole at four times the MIC was added to a log-phase C. albicans culture, and cells were collected to determine viable growth and for microarray analyses. We identified differential expression of 18% of all genes for at least one of the time points. More genes were upregulated (n = 1,053 [16%]) than downregulated (174 [3%]). Of genes with known function that were upregulated during exposure, most were related to plasma membrane/cell wall synthesis (18%), stress responses (7%), and metabolism (6%). The categories of downregulated genes during exposure included protein synthesis (15%), DNA synthesis/repair (7%), and transport (7%) genes. The majority of genes identified at the postexposure time points were from the protein (17%) and DNA (7%) synthesis categories. In subsequent studies, three genes (CDR1, CDR2, and ERG11) were examined in greater detail (more concentration and time points) following fluconazole exposure in vitro and in vivo. Expression levels from the in vitro and in vivo studies were congruent. CDR1 and CDR2 transcripts were reduced during in vitro fluconazole exposure and during supra-MIC exposure in vivo. However, in the postexposure period, the mRNA abundance of both pumps increased. ERG11 expression increased during exposure and fell in the postexposure period. The expression of the three genes responded in a dose-dependent manner. In sum, the microarray data obtained during and following fluconazole exposure identified genes both known and unknown to be affected by this drug class. The expanded in vitro and in vivo expression data set underscores the importance of considering the time course of exposure in pharmacogenomic investigations.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Differential Gene Expression of Secreted Proteases and Highly Specific Gene Repertoires Involved in Lactarius–Pinus Symbioses

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nianwu Tang ◽  
Annie Lebreton ◽  
Wenjun Xu ◽  
Yucheng Dai ◽  
Fuqiang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Gene Repertoire ◽  
Symbiotic Gene ◽  
Mutualistic Symbiosis ◽  
Secreted Proteases ◽  
Fungal Genes

Ectomycorrhizal fungi establish a mutualistic symbiosis in roots of most woody plants. The molecular underpinning of ectomycorrhizal development was only explored in a few lineages. Here, we characterized the symbiotic transcriptomes of several milkcap species (Lactarius, Russulales) in association with different pine hosts. A time-course study of changes in gene expression during the development of L. deliciosus–Pinus taeda symbiosis identified 6 to 594 differentially expressed fungal genes at various developmental stages. Up- or down-regulated genes are involved in signaling pathways, nutrient transport, cell wall modifications, and plant defenses. A high number of genes coding for secreted proteases, especially sedolisins, were induced during root colonization. In contrast, only a few genes encoding mycorrhiza-induced small secreted proteins were identified. This feature was confirmed in several other Lactarius species in association with various pines. Further comparison among all these species revealed that each Lactarius species encodes a highly specific symbiotic gene repertoire, a feature possibly related to their host-specificity. This study provides insights on the genetic basis of symbiosis in an ectomycorrhizal order, the Russulales, which was not investigated so far.

scholarly journals Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes and Pathways for Abdominal Fat Deposition in Ovariectomized and Sham-Operated Chickens

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaopeng Mu ◽  
Xiaoyan Cui ◽  
Ranran Liu ◽  
Qinghe Li ◽  
Maiqing Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Steroid Biosynthesis

Ovariectomy results in improved meat quality (growth rate, tenderness, and flavor) of broilers. However, some negative effects increased (abdominal fat (AF) deposition, low feed conversion, etc.) have also been reported. In this study, the gene expression profiles of AF tissue in ovariectomized and sham-operated chickens were determined to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying AF accumulation. Comparing the ovariectomized group and the sham-operated group, the abdominal fat weight (AFW) and abdominal fat percentage (AFP) were increased significantly (p < 0.05) at 14 and 19 weeks after ovariectomy. According to the gene expression profiling analysis, 108 DEGs of fat metabolism were screened from 1461 DEGs. Among them, ABCA1, ABCACA, LPL, CREB1, PNPLA2, which are involved in glycerolipid—or steroid—associated biological processes, and the hormone receptor genes, ESR1 and PRLR, were down-regulated significantly in the ovariectomized group compared to the sham-operated group (p < 0.05). Conversely, CETP, DGAT2, DHCR24, HSD17B7 and MSMO1, were significantly up-regulated (p < 0.05) after ovariectomy. Based on the DEGs, the glycerolipid metabolism, steroid biosynthesis, and other signaling pathways (MAPK, TGF-β, and adhesion pathways, etc.) were enriched, which may also contribute to the regulation of AF deposition. Our data suggest that AF deposition was significantly increased in ovariectomized chickens by the down-regulation of the decomposition genes of glycerolipid metabolism, which inhibits AF degradation, and the up-regulation of steroid biosynthesis genes, which increases fat accumulation. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of fat deposition in the ovariectomized chickens.

scholarly journals Expression analysis of sex-determining pathway genes during development in male and female Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 581-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof P. Lubieniecki ◽  
Natasha A. Botwright ◽  
Richard S. Taylor ◽  
Brad S. Evans ◽  
Mathew T. Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
The Cross

We studied the expression of 28 genes that are involved in vertebrate sex-determination or sex-differentiation pathways, in male and female Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) in 11 stages of development from fertilization to after first feeding. Gene expression was measured in half-sibs that shared the same dam. The sire of family 1 was a sex-reversed female (i.e., genetically female but phenotypically male), and so the progeny of this family are all female. The sire of family 2 was a true male, and so the offspring were 50% male and 50% female. Gene expression levels were compared among three groups: 20 female offspring of the cross between a regular female and the sex-reversed female ( family 1, first group), ∼10 females from the cross between a regular female and a regular male ( family 2, second group) and ∼10 males from this same family ( family 2, third group). Statistically significant differences in expression levels between males and the two groups of females were observed for two genes, gsdf and amh/mis, in the last four developmental stages examined. SdY, the sex-determining gene in rainbow trout, appeared to be expressed in males from 58 days postfertilization (dpf). Starting at 83 dpf, ovarian aromatase, cyp19a, expression appeared to be greater in both groups of females compared with males, but this difference was not statistically significant. The time course of expression suggests that sdY may be involved in the upregulation of gsdf and amh/mis and the subsequent repression of cyp19a in males via the effect of amh/mis.

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptomics across nematode life cycles reveal gene expression conservation and correlated evolution in adjacent developmental stages

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min R. Lu ◽  
Cheng-Kuo Lai ◽  
Ben-Yang Liao ◽  
Isheng Jason Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractNematodes are highly abundant animals with diverse habitats and lifestyles. Some are free-living while others parasitize animals or plants, and among the latter, infection abilities change across developmental stages to infect hosts and complete life cycles. Although parasitism has independently arisen multiple times over evolutionary history, common pressures of parasitism—such as adapting to the host environment, evading and subverting the host immune system, and changing environments across life cycles—have led phenotypes and developmental stages among parasites to converge. To determine the relationship between transcriptome evolution and morphological divergences among nematodes, we compared 48 transcriptomes of different developmental stages across eight nematode species. The transcriptomes were clustered broadly into embryo, larva, and adult stages, suggesting that gene expression is conserved to some extent across the entire nematode life cycle. Such patterns were partly accounted for by tissue-specific genes—such as those in oocytes and the hypodermis—being expressed at different proportions. Although nematodes typically have 3-5 larval stages, the transcriptomes for these stages were found to be highly correlated within each species, suggesting high similarity among larval stages across species. For the Caenorhabditis elegans-C. briggsae and Strongyloides stercoralis-S. venezuelensis comparisons, we found that around 50% of genes were expressed at multiple stages, whereas half of their orthologues were also expressed in multiple but different stages. Such frequent changes in expression have resulted in concerted transcriptome evolution across adjacent stages, thus generating species-specific transcriptomes over the course of nematode evolution. Our study provides a first insight into the evolution of nematode transcriptomes beyond embryonic development.

Relationship between stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 gene expression, relative protein abundance, and its fatty acid products in bovine tissues

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedram Rezamand ◽  
Jason S Watts ◽  
Katherine M Yavah ◽  
Erin E Mosley ◽  
Liying Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Stearoyl Coa Desaturase ◽  
The Relationship

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) greatly contributes to the unsaturated fatty acids present in milk and meat of cattle. The SCD1 enzyme introduces a double bond into certain saturated fatty acyl-CoAs producing monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The SCD1 enzyme also has been shown to be active in the bovine mammary gland converting t11 18 : 1 (vaccenic acid) to c9 t11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). The objective of this study was to determine any association between the gene expression of SCD1 and occurrence of its products (c9 14 : 1, c9 16 : 1, c9 18 : 1, and c9 t11 18 : 2) in various bovine tissues. Tissue samples were obtained from lactating Holstein cows (n=28) at slaughter, frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80 °C. Total RNA was extracted and converted to complementary DNA for quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the SCD1 gene. Extracted lipid was converted to fatty acid methyl esters and analysed by GC. Tissues varied in expression of SCD1 gene with mammary, cardiac, intestinal adipose, and skeletal muscle expressing greater copy number as compared with lung, large intestine, small intestine and liver (371, 369, 328, 286, 257, 145, 73, and 21 copies/ng RNA, respectively). Tissues with high mRNA expression of SCD1 contained greater SCD1 protein whereas detection of SCD1 protein in tissues with low SCD1 mRNA expression was very faint or absent. Across tissues, the desaturase indices for c9 18 : 1 (r=0·24) and sum of SCD products (r=0·20) were positively correlated with SCD1 gene expression (P<0·01 for both). Within each tissue, the relationship between SCD1 gene expression and the desaturase indices varied. No correlation was detected between SCD1 expression and desaturase indices in the liver, large and small intestines, lung, cardiac or skeletal muscles. Positive correlations, however, were detected between SCD1 expression and the desaturase indices in intestinal adipose tissue (P<0·02 for all) except 14 : 1, whereas only c9 18 : 1, c9 t11 18 : 2 and sum of all desaturase indices were positively correlated with SCD1 expression in mammary tissue (P⩽0·03). Overall, the relationship between SCD1 gene expression and occurrence of its products seems to be tissue specific.

scholarly journals Time-Course Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Global Gene Expression Profiling and Dynamic Developmental Signatures across Complete Life Cycle of Bombyx mori

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1730
Author(s):  
Xueqi Wang ◽  
Yixuan Fan ◽  
Qi Ge ◽  
Jia Xu ◽  
Rehab Hosny Taha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
Total Gene Expression

Background: The silkworm (Bombyx mori) is an important lepidopteran model insect worldwide which undergoes a complete metamorphosis developmental process. Although genome sequencing has been long performed, no transcriptome data covering the complete life cycle are available. Methods: Herein, a total of 10 samples were collected consecutively at four different developmental stages, including eggs of 24 h after oviposition (Ed) and eggs of 24 h after artificial egg-hatching (E); larvae from fist to fifth instar (L1–L5); early and late pupa (P4 and P8); and adult moth (M), were subjected to Illumina RNA-Seq and time-course analysis. Results: The summations of the gene expression of the silkworm ten developmental stages show: at Ed stage, eggs develop towards diapause status, the total gene expression level is relatively low; at E stage, after artificial egg-hatching, the expression level improves rapidly; during larval stages from L1–L5, the expression level rises gradually and reaches a peak at L5 stage; during pupae and moth stages, the total gene expression decline stage by stage. The results revealed a dynamical gene expression profile exhibiting significant differential expressions throughout the silkworm life cycle. Moreover, stage-specific key genes were identified at different developmental stages, suggesting their functions mainly characterized in maintaining insect development and immunity homeostasis or driving metamorphosis. GO annotation and KEGG enrichment analysis further revealed the most significantly enriched and fundamentally biological processes during silkworm growth. Conclusion: Collectively, our omics data depicted the first comprehensive landscape of dynamic transcriptome throughout complete developmental processes of B. mori. Our findings also provide valuable references and novel insights into understanding the molecular developmental remodeling events for other Lepidoptera species.

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