scholarly journals Prostate Microbiota and Prostate Cancer: A New Trend in Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bangwei Che ◽  
Wenjun Zhang ◽  
Shenghan Xu ◽  
Jingju Yin ◽  
Jun He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Targeting Therapy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Tumor Prevention

Although the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer have gradually begun to decline in the past few years, it is still one of the leading causes of death from malignant tumors in the world. The occurrence and development of prostate cancer are affected by race, family history, microenvironment, and other factors. In recent decades, more and more studies have confirmed that prostate microflora in the tumor microenvironment may play an important role in the occurrence, development, and prognosis of prostate cancer. Microorganisms or their metabolites may affect the occurrence and metastasis of cancer cells or regulate anti-cancer immune surveillance. In addition, the use of tumor microenvironment bacteria in interventional targeting therapy of tumors also shows a unique advantage. In this review, we introduce the pathway of microbiota into prostate cancer, focusing on the mechanism of microorganisms in tumorigenesis and development, as well as the prospect and significance of microorganisms as tumor biomarkers and tumor prevention and treatment.

scholarly journals Selenium in cancer prevention: a review of the evidence and mechanism of action

2005 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret P. Rayman
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Prevention Trials ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Se Status

Se is an unusual trace element in having its own codon in mRNA that specifies its insertion into selenoproteins as selenocysteine (SeCys), by means of a mechanism requiring a large SeCys-insertion complex. This exacting insertion machinery for selenoprotein production has implications for the Se requirements for cancer prevention. If Se may protect against cancer, an adequate intake of Se is desirable. However, the level of intake in Europe and some parts of the world is not adequate for full expression of protective selenoproteins. The evidence for Se as a cancer preventive agent includes that from geographic, animal, prospective and intervention studies. Newly-published prospective studies on oesophageal, gastric-cardia and lung cancer have reinforced previous evidence, which is particularly strong for prostate cancer. Interventions with Se have shown benefit in reducing the risk of cancer incidence and mortality in all cancers combined, and specifically in liver, prostate, colo-rectal and lung cancers. The effect seems to be strongest in those individuals with the lowest Se status. As the level of Se that appears to be required for optimal effect is higher than that previously understood to be required to maximise the activity of selenoenzymes, the question has been raised as to whether selenoproteins are involved in the anti-cancer process. However, recent evidence showing an association between Se, reduction of DNA damage and oxidative stress together with data showing an effect of selenoprotein genotype on cancer risk implies that selenoproteins are indeed implicated. The likelihood of simultaneous and consecutive effects at different cancer stages still allows an important role for anti-cancer Se metabolites such as methyl selenol formed from γ-glutamyl-selenomethyl-SeCys and selenomethyl-SeCys, components identified in certain plants and Se-enriched yeast that have anti-cancer effects. There is some evidence that Se may affect not only cancer risk but also progression and metastasis. Current primary and secondary prevention trials of Se are underway in the USA, including the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) relating to prostate cancer, although a large European trial is still desirable given the likelihood of a stronger effect in populations of lower Se status.

scholarly journals Improving Cancer Immunotherapy by Targeting the Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironment: New Opportunities and Challenges

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zaeem Noman ◽  
Meriem Hasmim ◽  
Audrey Lequeux ◽  
Malina Xiao ◽  
Caroline Duhem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Hallmarks Of Cancer ◽  
The Past ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Microenvironmental Factors ◽  
Hypoxic Tumor ◽  
Insight Into

Initially believed to be a disease of deregulated cellular and genetic expression, cancer is now also considered a disease of the tumor microenvironment. Over the past two decades, significant and rapid progress has been made to understand the complexity of the tumor microenvironment and its contribution to shaping the response to various anti-cancer therapies, including immunotherapy. Nevertheless, it has become clear that the tumor microenvironment is one of the main hallmarks of cancer. Therefore, a major challenge is to identify key druggable factors and pathways in the tumor microenvironment that can be manipulated to improve the efficacy of current cancer therapies. Among the different tumor microenvironmental factors, this review will focus on hypoxia as a key process that evolved in the tumor microenvironment. We will briefly describe our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which hypoxia negatively affects tumor immunity and shapes the anti-tumor immune response. We believe that such understanding will provide insight into the therapeutic value of targeting hypoxia and assist in the design of innovative combination approaches to improve the efficacy of current cancer therapies, including immunotherapy.

scholarly journals Natural and Synthetic Lactones Possessing Antitumor Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1052
Author(s):  
Younghoon Kim ◽  
Sandip Sengupta ◽  
Taebo Sim
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Antitumor Activities ◽  
Medical Needs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Acid Lactone ◽  
Synthetic Routes ◽  
Unmet Medical Needs ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally, accounting for an estimated 8 million deaths each year. As a result, there have been urgent unmet medical needs to discover novel oncology drugs. Natural and synthetic lactones have a broad spectrum of biological uses including anti-tumor, anti-helminthic, anti-microbial, and anti-inflammatory activities. Particularly, several natural and synthetic lactones have emerged as anti-cancer agents over the past decades. In this review, we address natural and synthetic lactones focusing on their anti-tumor activities and synthetic routes. Moreover, we aim to highlight our journey towards chemical modification and biological evaluation of a resorcylic acid lactone, L-783277 (4). We anticipate that utilization of the natural and synthetic lactones as novel scaffolds would benefit the process of oncology drug discovery campaigns based on natural products.

scholarly journals The Role of Chemoattractant Receptors in Shaping the Tumor Microenvironment

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiamin Zhou ◽  
Yi Xiang ◽  
Teizo Yoshimura ◽  
Keqiang Chen ◽  
Wanghua Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
The Past ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Chemoattractant receptors are a family of seven transmembrane G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) initially found to mediate the chemotaxis and activation of immune cells. During the past decades, the functions of these GPCRs have been discovered to not only regulate leukocyte trafficking and promote immune responses, but also play important roles in homeostasis, development, angiogenesis, and tumor progression. Accumulating evidence indicates that chemoattractant GPCRs and their ligands promote the progression of malignant tumors based on their capacity to orchestrate the infiltration of the tumor microenvironment by immune cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and mesenchymal cells. This facilitates the interaction of tumor cells with host cells, tumor cells with tumor cells, and host cells with host cells to provide a basis for the expansion of established tumors and development of distant metastasis. In addition, many malignant tumors of the nonhematopoietic origin express multiple chemoattractant GPCRs that increase the invasiveness and metastasis of tumor cells. Therefore, GPCRs and their ligands constitute targets for the development of novel antitumor therapeutics.

scholarly journals The Effect of Terpenoid Natural Chinese Medicine Molecular Compound on Lung Cancer Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Heng Sun ◽  
Lijia Zhang ◽  
Bowen Sui ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
Jun Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Molecular Compound ◽  
Cancer Cell Proliferation ◽  
Lung Cancer Cell ◽  
Cancer Disease ◽  
The Past ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Many

Among all malignant tumors in the whole universe, the incidence and mortality of lung cancer disease rank first. Especially in the past few years, the occurrence of lung cancer in the urban population has continued to increase, which seriously threatens the lives and health of people. Among the many treatments for lung cancer, chemotherapy is the best one, but traditional chemotherapy has low specificity and drug resistance. To address the above issue, this study reviews the five biological pathways that common terpenoid compounds in medicinal plants interfere with the occurrence and development of lung cancer: cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, cell autophagy, cell invasion, metastasis, and immune mechanism regulation. In addition, the mechanism of the terpenoid natural traditional Chinese medicine monomer compound combined with Western medicine in the multipathway antilung cancer is summarized.

Quercetin, a natural dietary flavonoid, acts as a chemopreventive agent against prostate cancer in an in vivo model by inhibiting the EGFR signaling pathway

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 2632-2645 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Firdous ◽  
G. Sharmila ◽  
S. Balakrishnan ◽  
P. RajaSingh ◽  
S. Suganya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Egfr Signaling ◽  
Chemopreventive Agent ◽  
The Past ◽  
Egfr Signaling Pathway ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Dietary Flavonoid

Prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates have increased over the past years.

scholarly journals Misconceptions of Fruit and Vegetable Nutritional Quality

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 693e-693
Author(s):  
James B. Magee
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Good Food ◽  
Cancer Activity

Many concepts of the nutritional value of fruit and vegetables generally accepted in the past, in the light of more knowledge, today are considered “misconceptions.” For example, the tomato, once considered poisonous, then shown edible, later proved to be a “good” food and a valuable source of minerals and vitamin C, today shows the potential for significant anti-cancer activity. Results of a 6-year study of the dietary habits of 47,000 men reported up to a 45% reduction in the incidence of prostate cancer of those who ate 10 or more servings per week of tomato-based products. Other misconceptions to be discussed include nightshade vegetables and arthritis, apples after meals to clean the teeth and gums, and “if a little is good for you, a lot must be better.” Today's nutritional ideas about many fruits and vegetables may become tomorrow's misconceptions as our knowledge of the composition (e.g., phytochemicals) of fruits and vegetables increases. Examples of this are include the use of muscadine pomace and the nutritive value of strawberries.

scholarly journals Reprogramming Immune Cells for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy: Targets and Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Dong ◽  
Zhuo Wan ◽  
Xiaotong Gao ◽  
Guodong Yang ◽  
Li Liu
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cancer Types

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death and a major public health problem all over the world. Immunotherapy is becoming a revolutionary clinical management for various cancer types. Restoration of aberrant immune surveillance on cancers has achieved markable progress in the past years by either in vivo or ex vivo engineering of the immune cells. Here, we summarized the central roles of immune cells in tumor progression and regression, and the existing and emerging strategies for different immune cell-based immunotherapies. In addition, the current challenges and the potential solutions in translating the immunotherapies into the clinic are also discussed.

Small-Molecule Anti-Cancer Drugs From 2016 to 2020: Synthesis and Clinical Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2110403
Author(s):  
Lijiao Wang ◽  
Rong Li ◽  
Chen Song ◽  
Yanli Chen ◽  
Haiyue Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Targeting Therapy ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Significant Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Tumor Drugs

Malignant tumors have become a significant public health problem that severely threatens human health. Drug-targeting therapy is essential for tumor therapy, along with surgery and radiotherapy. Of the 378 novel drugs approved over the past five years, those for oncological therapy remains at the top (25%). These drugs are used to treat patients with various cancers by acting on corresponding targets, such as EGFR, JAK, BTK, IDH, and FLT3. This review examines anti-tumor agents approved between 2016 and 2020, classifying them according to indication (such as lung cancer, leukemia, breast cancer, and myeloma). These drugs are reviewed according to their route of administration, first-in-class designation, approval dates, and expedited review categories. Furthermore, this paper summarizes the targets and modes of action of the approved anti-tumor drugs while systematically discussing their synthetic routes for medicinal chemistry or industrial use, which will benefit next-generation drug discovery.

Decade-long Trends in Prostate Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Poland, 1999–2012

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula Wojciechowska ◽  
◽  
Lauren M. Hurwitz ◽  
Grzegorz Helicki ◽  
Jennifer Cullen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Prostate Cancer Incidence ◽  
Incidence And Mortality
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