scholarly journals Not All Fibers Are Born Equal; Variable Response to Dietary Fiber Subtypes in IBD

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Armstrong ◽  
Inderdeep Mander ◽  
Zhengxiao Zhang ◽  
David Armstrong ◽  
Eytan Wine
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Chemical Structures

Diet provides a safe and attractive alternative to available treatment options in a variety of diseases; however, research has only just begun to elucidate the role of diet in chronic diseases, such as the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The chronic and highly debilitating IBDs, Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, are hallmarked by intestinal inflammation, immune dysregulation, and dysbiosis; and evidence supports a role for genetics, microbiota, and the environment, including diet, in disease pathogenesis. This is true especially in children with IBD, where diet-based treatments have shown excellent results. One interesting group of dietary factors that readily links microbiota to gut health is dietary fibers. Fibers are not digested by human cells, but rather fermented by the gut microbes within the bowel. Evidence has been mounting over the last decade in support of the importance of dietary fibers in the maintenance of gut health and in IBD; however, more recent studies highlight the complexity of this interaction and importance of understanding the role of each individual dietary fiber subtype, especially during disease. There are roughly ten subtypes of dietary fibers described to date, categorized as soluble or insoluble, with varying chemical structures, and large differences in their fermentation profiles. Many studies to date have described the benefits of the byproducts of fermentation in healthy individuals and the potential health benefits in select disease models. However, there remains a void in our understanding of how each of these individual fibers affect human health in dysbiotic settings where appropriate fermentation may not be achieved. This review highlights the possibilities for better defining the role of individual dietary fibers for use in regulating inflammation in IBD.

scholarly journals Dietary supplementation of a fiber-prebiotic and saccharin-eugenol blend in extruded diets fed to dogs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (11) ◽  
pp. 4519-4531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Paschoalin De Souza Nogueira ◽  
Fei He ◽  
Heather F Mangian ◽  
Patricia Massae Oba ◽  
Maria R C De Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Prebiotics and dietary fibers are nondigestible ingredients that may confer benefits to the host by selectively stimulating beneficial intestinal bacteria and microbial-derived metabolites that support gut and host health. This experiment evaluated the effects of a blend of prebiotics and dietary fibers on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and fecal metabolites related to gastrointestinal health in adult dogs. Four diets containing either 5% cellulose (control; CT), 5% dietary fiber and prebiotic blend (FP), 0.02% saccharin and eugenol (SE), or 5% fiber blend plus 0.02% saccharin and eugenol (FSE) were formulated to meet or exceed the AAFCO (2017) nutritional requirements for adult dogs. Eight adult female beagles (mean age 4.2 ± 1.1 yr; mean BW = 10.8 ± 1.4 kg; mean BCS = 5.8 ± 0.6) were randomly assigned to 1 of the 4 dietary treatments using a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. Each experimental period consisted of 14 d (10 d of diet adaptation and 4 d of total and fresh fecal and total urine collection). All animals remained healthy throughout the study, with serum metabolites being within reference ranges for adult dogs. All diets were well accepted by the dogs, resulting in similar (P > 0.05) daily food intakes among treatments. Likewise, fecal output and scores did not differ (P > 0.05) among dietary treatments, with the latter being within the ideal range (2.5–2.9) in a 5-point scale. All diets were highly digestible and had similar (P > 0.05) ATTD of dry matter (81.6%–84.4%), organic matter (86.4%–87.3%), and crude protein (86.6%–87.3%). However, total dietary fiber (TDF) digestibility was greater for dogs fed the FSE diet (P < 0.05) in contrast with dogs fed the CT and SE diets, whereas dogs fed FP diets had intermediate TDF digestibility, but not different from all other treatments. Fecal acetate and propionate concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) for dogs fed FP and FSE diets. Fecal concentrations of isobutyrate and isovalerate were greater for dogs fed CT (P < 0.05) compared with dogs fed the other three treatments. No shifts in fecal microbial richness and diversity were observed among dietary treatments. Overall, the data suggest that dietary supplementation of fiber and prebiotic blend was well tolerated by dogs, did not cause detrimental effects on fecal quality or nutrient digestibility, and resulted in beneficial shifts in fecal metabolites that may support gut health.

scholarly journals 114 Role of fiber in promoting health in nursery pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 64-65
Author(s):  
Ruurd T Zijlstra ◽  
Janelle M Fouhse ◽  
Charlotte Maria Elisabeth Heyer ◽  
Felina Tan ◽  
Thavaratnam Vasanthan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Metabolite Production ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract In swine production, use of feed antibiotics as antimicrobial growth promotant will be reduced; thus, feed alternatives to manage gut health are required to prevent post-weaning diarrhea. Dietary fiber, resistant starch, oligosaccharides, and exo-polysaccharides are carbohydrates are nutritional tools that may be part of managing gut health in pigs. Antibiotics are hypothesized to influence gut health via modulation of intestinal microbial profiles; fermentation and intestinal inflammation are considered important mechanisms. As alternative, dietary fiber sources differ in 2 key properties: fermentability and viscosity. Rapid fiber fermentation is associated with changes in microbial profiles and increased metabolite production. Recently, microbial composition was hypothesized to be less important, and it was thought that the focus should be on combined output of metabolites. Increased viscosity has been associated with increased gut content of virulence factors linked with diarrhea. Fiber properties may manipulate retention time and physico-chemical properties of the undigested residue. Starch is mostly digested and absorbed as glucose; however, resistant starch is not digested but fermented instead. Resistant starch acts as fermentable fiber but is unique, because it specifically increases digesta abundance of bifidobacteria that are associated with improved gut health. Oligosaccharides may be rapidly fermented and thereby influence intestinal microbial profiles and metabolite production. Raw materials and some feed additives both influence kinetics of fermentation and have prebiotic activity. Their kinetics of fermentation should be quantified so that it can be considered in feed formulation. Finally, exopolysaccharides from Lactobacillus reuteri and unique oligosaccharides may serve as scavenger molecules for pathogenic bacteria, e.g., enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), to bind to instead of adhering to the gut wall, thereby avoiding diarrhea initiation. In conclusion, dietary fiber and other carbohydrates may be important solutions to maintain gut health when antibiotics are removed as growth promotants from swine feeds.

scholarly journals Angiogenin maintains gut microbe homeostasis by balancing α-Proteobacteria and Lachnospiraceae

Gut ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. gutjnl-2019-320135
Author(s):  
Desen Sun ◽  
Rongpan Bai ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Zhengrong Yao ◽  
Yaxin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Gut Microbe ◽  
Direct Binding ◽  
Species Specific

ObjectiveAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play essential roles in maintaining gut health and are associated with IBD. This study is to elucidate the effect of angiogenin (ANG), an intestine-secreted AMP, on gut microbiota and its relevance with IBD.DesignThe effect of ANG on microbiota and its contribution to colitis were evaluated in different colitis models with co-housing and faecal microbiota transplantation. ANG-regulated bacteria were determined by 16S rDNA sequencing and their functions in colitis were analysed by bacterial colonisation. The species-specific antimicrobial activity of ANG and its underlying mechanism were further investigated with microbiological and biochemical methods. ANG level and the key bacteria were characterised in IBD faecal samples.ResultsANG regulated microbiota composition and inhibited intestinal inflammation. Specifically, Ang1 deficiency in mice led to a decrease in the protective gut commensal strains of Lachnospiraceae but an increase in the colitogenic strains of α-Proteobacteria. Direct binding of ANG to α-Proteobacteria resulted in lethal disruption of bacterial membrane integrity, and consequently promoted the growth of Lachnospiraceae, which otherwise was antagonised by α-Proteobacteria. Oral administration of ANG1 reversed the dysbiosis and attenuated the severity of colitis in Ang1-deficient mice. The correlation among ANG, the identified bacteria and IBD status was established in patients.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate a novel role of ANG in shaping gut microbe composition and thus maintaining gut health, suggesting that the ANG-microbiota axis could be developed as a potential preventive and/or therapeutic approach for dysbiosis-related gut diseases.

Role of CD5 expression on TCRγδ T cell-differentiation and development of chronic intestinal inflammation

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A517-A517
Author(s):  
A MIZOGUCHI ◽  
E MIZOGUCHI ◽  
Y DEJONG ◽  
H TAKEDATSU ◽  
F PREFFER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
T Cell Differentiation ◽  
Chronic Intestinal Inflammation

Role of vitamin C in gastric cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 01 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takalkar U Vidyadhar
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Gastric Juice ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
H Pylori

Gastric cancer is a multifactorial disease with complex interplay of environmental and genetic factors. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infestation has been identified as the most important etiological agent in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. Also, the role of dietary factors that is low consumption of fruits and vegetables have been found to be associated with gastric cancer. Among the dietary factors, antioxidants especially vitamin C has been found to confer the strongest protection against gastric cancer. Its anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic action has been suggested in vitro. Because of its antioxidant activity, it protects cells against oxidative DNA damage caused by toxic effects of reactive oxygen species. It also inhibits production of carcinogenic N-nitroso compound in the stomach. The person with H. pylori infection has low levels of vitamin C in their gastric juice and levels of vitamin C normalizes on eradication of H. pylori. Vitamin C levels are high in gastric mucosa and gastric juice, sometimes more than that of in plasma. But gastric pathological conditions cause lowered secretion of vitamin C into gastric juice. Effect of H. pylori on vitamin C in gastric juice is reversible and on eradication of H. pylori, it returns to normal level. Hence, eradication of H. pylori and chemoprevention with antioxidant supplementation will be an effective preventive strategy to reduce the incidence of gastric cancer and related mortality. Vitamin C and gastric cancer is an area of potential interest for researchers as a preventive measure. Keywords: Vitamin C, H. pylori, gastric cancer.

Diet and Nutritional Interventions with the Special Role of Myo-Inositol in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Management. An Evidence-Based Critical Appraisal

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 2467-2473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Reyes-Muñoz ◽  
Federica Di Guardo ◽  
Michal Ciebiera ◽  
Ilker Kahramanoglu ◽  
Thozhukat Sathyapalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Dose Frequency ◽  
Nutritional Interventions

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), defined as glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy, represents one of the most common maternal-fetal complications during pregnancy and it is associated with poor perinatal outcomes. To date, GDM is a rising condition over the last decades coinciding with the ongoing epidemic of obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Objective: The aim of this review is to discuss the role of diet and nutritional interventions in preventing GDM with the explanation of the special role of myo-inositol (MI) in this matter. Methods: We performed an overview of the most recent literature data on the subject with particular attention to the effectiveness of diet and nutritional interventions in the prevention of GDM with the special role of MI. Results: Nutritional intervention and physical activity before and during pregnancy are mandatory in women affected by GDM. Moreover, the availability of insulin-sensitizers such as different forms of inositol has dramatically changed the scenario, allowing the treatment of several metabolic diseases, such as those related to glucose dysbalance. Although the optimal dose, frequency, and form of MI administration need to be further investigated, diet supplementation with MI appears to be an attractive alternative for the GDM prevention as well as for the reduction of GDM-related complications. Conclusion: More studies should be conducted to prove the most effective nutritional intervention in GDM. Regarding the potential effectiveness of MI, further evidence in multicenter, randomized controlled trials is needed to draw firm conclusions.

The Role of Lipids and Membranes in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease: A Comprehensive View

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (13) ◽  
pp. 1191-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Botond Penke ◽  
Gábor Paragi ◽  
János Gera ◽  
Róbert Berkecz ◽  
Zsolt Kovács ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Lipid Signaling ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Aβ Peptides

Lipids participate in Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) trafficking and processing - important factors in the initiation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis and influence the formation of neurotoxic β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides. An important risk factor, the presence of ApoE4 protein in AD brain cells binds the lipids to AD. In addition, lipid signaling pathways have a crucial role in the cellular homeostasis and depend on specific protein-lipid interactions. The current review focuses on pathological alterations of membrane lipids (cholesterol, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids) and lipid metabolism in AD and provides insight in the current understanding of biological membranes, their lipid structures and functions, as well as their role as potential therapeutic targets. Novel methods for studying the membrane structure and lipid composition will be reviewed in a broad sense whereas the use of lipid biomarkers for early diagnosis of AD will be shortly summarized. Interactions of Aβ peptides with the cell membrane and different subcellular organelles are reviewed. Next, the details of the most important lipid signaling pathways, including the role of the plasma membrane as stress sensor and its therapeutic applications are given. 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal may play a special role in the initiation of the pathogenesis of AD and thus the “calpain-cathepsin hypothesis” of AD is highlighted. Finally, the most important lipid dietary factors and their possible use and efficacy in the prevention of AD are discussed.

scholarly journals Role of Dietary Nutritional Treatment on Hepatic and Intestinal Damage in Transplantation with Steatotic and Non-Steatotic Liver Grafts from Brain Dead Donors

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2554
Author(s):  
Marc Micó-Carnero ◽  
Araní Casillas-Ramírez ◽  
Albert Caballeria-Casals ◽  
Carlos Rojano-Alfonso ◽  
Alfredo Sánchez-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Hepatic Damage ◽  
Intestinal Damage ◽  
Edema Formation ◽  
Steatotic Liver ◽  
Damage And Failure

Herein, we investigate whether: (1) the administration of glucose or a lipid emulsion is useful in liver transplantation (LT) using steatotic (induced genetically or nutritionally) or non-steatotic livers from donors after brain death (DBDs); and (2) any such benefits are due to reductions in intestinal damage and consequently to gut microbiota preservation. In recipients from DBDs, we show increased hepatic damage and failure in the maintenance of ATP, glycogen, phospholipid and growth factor (HGF, IGF1 and VEGFA) levels, compared to recipients from non-DBDs. In recipients of non-steatotic grafts from DBDs, the administration of glucose or lipids did not protect against hepatic damage. This was associated with unchanged ATP, glycogen, phospholipid and growth factor levels. However, the administration of lipids in steatotic grafts from DBDs protected against damage and ATP and glycogen drop and increased phospholipid levels. This was associated with increases in growth factors. In all recipients from DBDs, intestinal inflammation and damage (evaluated by LPS, vascular permeability, mucosal damage, TLR4, TNF, IL1, IL-10, MPO, MDA and edema formation) was not shown. In such cases, potential changes in gut microbiota would not be relevant since neither inflammation nor damage was evidenced in the intestine following LT in any of the groups evaluated. In conclusion, lipid treatment is the preferable nutritional support to protect against hepatic damage in steatotic LT from DBDs; the benefits were independent of alterations in the recipient intestine.

scholarly journals Dietary resveratrol attenuation of intestinal inflammation and oxidative damage is linked to the alteration of gut microbiota and butyrate in piglets challenged with deoxynivalenol

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueqin Qiu ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Xuefen Yang ◽  
Kaiguo Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression

Abstract Background Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a widespread mycotoxin that induces intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress in humans and animals. Resveratrol (RES) effectively exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, the protective effects of RES on alleviating DON toxicity in piglets and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of RES on growth performance, gut health and the gut microbiota in DON-challenged piglets. A total of 64 weaned piglets [Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire), 21-d-old, 6.97 ± 0.10 kg body weight (BW)] were randomly allocated to 4 treatment groups (8 replicate pens per treatment, each pen containing 2 males; n = 16 per treatment) for 28 d. The piglets were fed a control diet (CON) or the CON diet supplemented with 300 mg RES/kg diet (RES group), 3.8 mg DON/kg diet (DON) or both (DON+RES) in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Results DON-challenged piglets fed the RES-supplemented diet had significantly decreased D-lactate concentrations and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) mRNA and protein expression, and increased zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) mRNA and protein expression compared with those of DON-challenged piglets fed the unsupplemented diet (P < 0.05). Compared with unsupplemented DON-challenged piglets, infected piglets fed a diet with RES showed significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levelsand increased mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant genes (i.e., GCLC, GCLM, HO-1, SOD1 and NQO-1) and glutamate-cysteine-ligase modulatory subunit (GCLM) protein expression (P < 0.05). Moreover, RES supplementation significantly abrogated the increase in the proportion of TUNEL-positive cells and the protein expression of caspase3 in DON-challenged piglets (P < 0.05). Finally, RES supplementation significantly increased the abundance of Roseburia and butyrate concentrations, while decreasing the abundances of Bacteroides and unidentified-Enterobacteriaceae in DON-challenged piglets compared with DON-challenged piglets alone (P < 0.05). Conclusions RES supplementation improved gut health in DON-challenged piglets by strengthening intestinal barrier function, alleviating intestinal inflammation and oxidative damage, and positively modulating the gut microbiota. The protective effects of RES on gut health may be linked to increased Roseburia and butyrate concentrations, and decreased levels of Bacteroides and unidentified-Enterobacteriaceae.

scholarly journals Helminth Interactions with Bacteria in the Host Gut Are Essential for Its Immunomodulatory Effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Milan Jirků ◽  
Zuzana Lhotská ◽  
Lucia Frgelecová ◽  
Oldřiška Kadlecová ◽  
Klára Judita Petrželková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Th2 Response ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Immunological Markers ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Colonization by the benign tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta, has been associated with a reduction in intestinal inflammation and changes in bacterial microbiota. However, the role of microbiota in the tapeworm anti-inflammatory effect is not yet clear, and the aim of this study was to determine whether disruption of the microflora during worm colonization can affect the course of intestinal inflammation. We added a phase for disrupting the intestinal microbiota using antibiotics to the experimental design for which we previously demonstrated the protective effect of H. diminuta. We monitored the immunological markers, clinical parameters, bacterial microbiota, and histological changes in the colon of rats. After a combination of colonization, antibiotics, and colitis induction, we had four differently affected experimental groups. We observed a different course of the immune response in each group, but no protective effect was found. Rats treated with colonization and antibiotics showed a strong induction of the Th2 response as well as a significant change in microbial diversity. The microbial results also revealed differences in the richness and abundance of some bacterial taxa, influenced by various factors. Our data suggest that interactions between the tapeworm and bacteria may have a major impact on its protective effect.

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