scholarly journals Accentuating CircRNA-miRNA-Transcription Factors Axis: A Conundrum in Cancer Research

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepti Singh ◽  
Prashant Kesharwani ◽  
Nabil A. Alhakamy ◽  
Hifzur R. Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Disease Biology ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Mirna Sponges

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are the newly uncovered class of non-coding RNAs being cognized as profound regulators of gene expression in developmental and disease biology. These are the covalently closed RNAs synthesized when the pre-mRNA transcripts undergo a back-splicing event. In recent years, circRNAs are gaining special attention in the scientific world and are no longer considered as “splicing noise” but rather structurally stable molecules having multiple biological functions including acting as miRNA sponges, protein decoys/scaffolds, and regulators of transcription and translation. Further, emerging evidence suggests that circRNAs are also differentially expressed in multiple cancers where they play oncogenic roles. In addition, circRNAs in association with miRNAs change the expression patterns of multiple transcription factors (TFs), which play important roles in cancer. Thus, the circRNA-miRNA-TFs axis is implicated in the progression or suppression of various cancer types and plays a role in cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. In this review article, we provide an outline of the biogenesis, localization, and functions of circRNAs specifically in cancer. Also, we highlight the regulatory function of the circRNA-miRNA-TFs axis in the progression or suppression of cancer and the targeting of this axis as a potential therapeutic approach for cancer management. We anticipate that our review will contribute to expanding the knowledge of the research community about this recent and rapidly growing field of circRNAs for further thorough investigation which will surely help in the management of deadly disease cancer.

scholarly journals Functional Roles and Biological Mechanisms of Circular RNAs and Their Encoded Peptides in Glioma: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-167
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Zahra Bakhti ◽  
Sana Dadashi ◽  
Anahita Dah Pahlevan ◽  
Fatemeh Kafshresan
Keyword(s):  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Mirna Sponges

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a complicated class of non-coding RNAs that have a covalently closed loop structure and are very stable and cautious. Multiple biological processes of malignancy, including tumorigenesis, development, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, and vascularization, are disrupted by an increased number of circRNAs. Recent research has showed that circRNAs, functioning as microRNA (miRNA) sponges or protein scaffolds, interacting with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), and autophagy regulators, affect the transcription and splicing regulation. Many circRNAs have tissue-specific expression patterns and are heavily conserved. CircRNA levels in neurons are dynamically modulated. Growing evidence suggests that circRNAs are highly abundant in neural tissues, perhaps owing to the proliferation of particular genes that promote circularization, implying that circRNA dysregulation is linked to nervous system disorders including glioma. The most widespread and deadly primary malignant brain tumor is glioma. CircRNA has a close connection to glioma, according to reported research. Here, the current knowledge about the properties of circRNAs is introduced and the biological and molecular functions of circRNAs are described. Then, the clinical association of circRNAs with glioma/glioblastoma and their level of expression and their regulatory mechanisms in tumorigenesis are discussed. Moreover, the potential of circRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and predictors of brain cancer risk and possible therapeutic targets in medicine is examined.

scholarly journals The effective function of circular RNA in colorectal cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandana Ameli-Mojarad ◽  
Melika Ameli-Mojarad ◽  
Mahrooyeh Hadizadeh ◽  
Chris Young ◽  
Hosna Babini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Colorectal Tumorigenesis ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Mirna Sponges ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the 3rd most common type of cancer worldwide. Late detection plays role in one-third of annual mortality due to CRC. Therefore, it is essential to find a precise and optimal diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for the identification and treatment of colorectal tumorigenesis. Covalently closed, circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs, which can have the same function as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, as regulators of splicing and transcription, and as interactors with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Therefore, circRNAs have been investigated as specific targets for diagnostic and prognostic detection of CRC. These non-coding RNAs are also linked to metastasis, proliferation, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and drug resistance, illustrating the importance of understanding their involvement in the molecular mechanisms of development and progression of CRC. In this review, we present a detailed summary of recent findings relating to the dysregulation of circRNAs and their potential role in CRC.

scholarly journals CircRNA Expression Profile during Yak Adipocyte Differentiation and Screen Potential circRNAs for Adipocyte Differentiation

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongfeng Zhang ◽  
Xian Guo ◽  
Jie Pei ◽  
Min Chu ◽  
Xuezhi Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Adipocyte Differentiation ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Mirna Gene ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Functional Involvement ◽  
Winter Grazing ◽  
Human And Mouse

The yak (Bos grunniens) is subjected to nutritional deficiency during the whole winter grazing season; deciphering the adipose metabolism and energy homeostasis under cold and nutrients stress conditions could be a novel way to understand the specific mechanism of energy metabolism. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have elucidated that they play a key role in many biological events, but the regulatory function of adipose development remains mostly unknown. Therefore, the expression pattern of circRNAs were identified for the first time during yak adipocyte differentiation to gain insight into their potential functional involvement in bovine adipogenesis. We detected 7203 circRNA candidates, most of them contained at least two exons, and multiple circRNA isoforms could be generated from one parental gene. Analysis of differential expression circRNAs displayed that 136 circRNAs were differentially expressed at day 12 (Ad) after adipocyte differentiation, compared with the control at day 0 (Pread 0), while 7 circRNAs were detected on day 2. Sanger sequencing validated that six circRNAs had head-to-tail junction, and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) results revealed that the expression patterns of ten circRNAs were consistent with their expression levels from RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data. We further predicted the networks of circRNA-miRNA-gene based on miRNAs sponging by circRNAs, in which genes were participated in the adipocyte differentiation-related signaling pathways. After that, we constructed several adipocyte differentiation-related ceRNAs and revealed six circRNAs (novel_circ_0009127, novel_circ_0000628, novel_circ_0011513, novel_circ_0010775, novel_circ_0006981 and novel_circ_0001494) were related to adipogenesis. Furthermore, we analyzed the homology among yak, human and mouse circRNAs and found that 3536 yak circRNAs were homologous to human and mouse circRNAs. In conclusion, these findings provide a solid basis for the investigation of yak adipocyte differentiation-related circRNAs and serve as a great reference to study the energy metabolism of high-altitude animals.

scholarly journals Functions of Circular RNAs Involved in Animal Skeletal Muscle Development – A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Patricia Adu-Asiamah ◽  
Qiying Leng ◽  
Haidong Xu ◽  
Jiahui Zheng ◽  
Zhihui Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Mirna Sponges

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified in the skeletal muscle of numerous species of animals. Their abundance, diversity, and their dynamic expression patterns have been revealed in various developmental stages and physiological conditions in skeletal muscles. Recently, studies have made known that circRNAs widely participate in muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. They are also involved in other life processes such as functioning as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, regulators of splicing and transcription, and modifiers of parental gene expression with emerging pieces of evidence indicating a high chance of playing a vital role in several cells and tissues, especially the muscles. Other research has emphatically stated that the growth and development of skeletal muscle are regulated by proteins as well as non-coding RNAs, which involve circRNAs. Therefore, circRNAs have been considered significant biological regulators for understanding the molecular mechanisms of myoblasts. Here, we discuss how circRNAs are abundantly expressed in muscle (myoblast) and their critical roles in growth and development.

Decoding competing endogenous RNA networks for cancer biomarker discovery

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Qi ◽  
Yuxin Lin ◽  
Jiajia Chen ◽  
Bairong Shen
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Cerna Network ◽  
Competing Endogenous Rnas ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Global Understanding

Abstract Crosstalk between competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) is mediated by shared microRNAs (miRNAs) and plays important roles both in normal physiology and tumorigenesis; thus, it is attractive for systems-level decoding of gene regulation. As ceRNA networks link the function of miRNAs with that of transcripts sharing the same miRNA response elements (MREs), e.g. pseudogenes, competing mRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, the perturbation of crucial interactions in ceRNA networks may contribute to carcinogenesis by affecting the balance of cellular regulatory system. Therefore, discovering biomarkers that indicate cancer initiation, development, and/or therapeutic responses via reconstructing and analyzing ceRNA networks is of clinical significance. In this review, the regulatory function of ceRNAs in cancer and crucial determinants of ceRNA crosstalk are firstly discussed to gain a global understanding of ceRNA-mediated carcinogenesis. Then, computational and experimental approaches for ceRNA network reconstruction and ceRNA validation, respectively, are described from a systems biology perspective. We focus on strategies for biomarker identification based on analyzing ceRNA networks and highlight the translational applications of ceRNA biomarkers for cancer management. This article will shed light on the significance of miRNA-mediated ceRNA interactions and provide important clues for discovering ceRNA network-based biomarker in cancer biology, thereby accelerating the pace of precision medicine and healthcare for cancer patients.

scholarly journals Systematic identification of long non-coding RNAs with cancer-testis expression patterns in 14 cancer types

Oncotarget ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (55) ◽  
pp. 94769-94779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Qin ◽  
Cheng Wang ◽  
Qun Lu ◽  
Zijian Ma ◽  
Juncheng Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Systematic Identification ◽  
Cancer Testis

scholarly journals Insights Into circRNAs: Functional Roles in Lung Cancer Management and the Potential Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Feng ◽  
Hao Zhou ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
Xinrong Lin ◽  
Yongting Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Mirna Sponges ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Lung cancer is the most prevalent cancer globally. It is also the leading cause of cancer-related death because of the late diagnosis and the frequent resistance to therapeutics. Therefore, it is impending to identify novel biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets to improve the clinical outcomes. Identified as a new class of RNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs) derive from pre-mRNA back splicing with considerable stability and conservation. Accumulating research reveal that circRNAs can function as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, regulators of gene transcription and alternative splicing, as well as interact with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), or even be translated into proteins directly. Currently, a large body of circRNAs have been demonstrated differentially expressed in physiological and pathological processes including cancer. In lung cancer, circRNAs play multiple roles in carcinogenesis, development, and response to different therapies, indicating their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers as well as novel therapeutics. In this review, we summarize the multi-faceted functions of circRNAs in lung cancer and the underlying mechanisms, together with the possible future of these discoveries in clinical application.

scholarly journals Profiling and Bioinformatic Analyses Indicate Differential circRNA and miRNA/isomiR Expression and Interactions

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Guo ◽  
Liang Zheng ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Qianyun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cross Talk ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
High Sequence Similarity ◽  
Mirna Genes ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Mirna Sponges ◽  
Cancer Tissues

As a novel class of noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to play a role in various biological processes. Some circRNAs may serve as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, regulating transcription or splicing. Herein, we investigated the expression profiles and interactions of miRNAs/isomiRs and circRNAs in male patients with esophageal cancer. We found that some miRNA genes generated two deregulated miRNA products (miR-#-5p and miR-#-3p), and these products were consistently abnormally expressed. Some circRNAs were predicted to be miRNA sponges for specific miRNAs. Some of these typically showed opposing expression patterns in cancer tissues: one upregulated and the other downregulated. Although fewer miRNAs were predicted to interact with circRNAs, the number of predicted interactions would be substantially increased if detailed isomiRs were involved. High sequence similarity across multiple isomiRs suggested that they might interact with circRNAs, similar to the interaction of homologous miRNAs with circRNAs. At the isomiR level, due to the characteristics of the sequences and expression patterns involved, the cross-talk between different ncRNAs is complicated despite simplification of the isomiRs involved through clustering. We expect that our results may provide methods for further study of the cross-talk among ncRNAs and elucidate their biological roles in human diseases.

scholarly journals The emerging roles of exosomal circRNAs in diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Guo ◽  
W. Tan ◽  
C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
The Body ◽  
Phospholipid Bilayer ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Regulatory Functions

Abstract Exosomes, the nanoscale phospholipid bilayer vesicles, enriched in selected proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, which they participated in a variety of biological processes in the body, including physiology and pathology. CircRNAs (circular RNAs) are a class of single-stranded closed molecules with tissue development specific expression patterns that have crucial regulatory functions in various diseases. Non-coding RNAs (such as microRNAs and long non‑coding RNAs) in exosomes have also been shown to play an important regulatory role in humans. However, little research has focused on exosomal circRNAs. Recently, CircRNAs have been identified to be enriched and stably expressed in exosomes. In this review, we summarize the biogenesis and biological functions of exosomes and circRNA, and further revealed the potential role of exosome-derived circRNA in different diseases. Besides, we propose its use as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic punctuation for diseases, especially in cancer.

scholarly journals The Emerging Functions of Circular RNAs in Bladder Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4618
Author(s):  
Kai Sun ◽  
Di Wang ◽  
Burton B. Yang ◽  
Jian Ma
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Chemotherapy Resistance ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Closed Loops ◽  
New Class ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
High Conservation ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Diagnostic And Prognostic Value

Bladder cancer (BC) is among the top ten most common cancer types worldwide and is a serious threat to human health. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of non-coding RNAs generated by covalently closed loops through back-splicing. As an emerging research hotspot, circRNAs have attracted considerable attention due to their high conservation, stability, abundance, and specificity of tissue development. Accumulating evidence has revealed different form of circRNAs are closely related to the malignant phenotype, prognosis and chemotherapy resistance of BC, suggesting that different circRNAs may be promising biomarkers and have therapeutic significance in BC. The intention of this review is to summarize the mechanisms of circRNA-mediated BC progression and their diagnostic and prognostic value as biomarkers, as well as to further explore their roles in chemotherapy resistance.

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