scholarly journals The Emerging Functions of Circular RNAs in Bladder Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4618
Author(s):  
Kai Sun ◽  
Di Wang ◽  
Burton B. Yang ◽  
Jian Ma
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Chemotherapy Resistance ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Closed Loops ◽  
New Class ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
High Conservation ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Diagnostic And Prognostic Value

Bladder cancer (BC) is among the top ten most common cancer types worldwide and is a serious threat to human health. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of non-coding RNAs generated by covalently closed loops through back-splicing. As an emerging research hotspot, circRNAs have attracted considerable attention due to their high conservation, stability, abundance, and specificity of tissue development. Accumulating evidence has revealed different form of circRNAs are closely related to the malignant phenotype, prognosis and chemotherapy resistance of BC, suggesting that different circRNAs may be promising biomarkers and have therapeutic significance in BC. The intention of this review is to summarize the mechanisms of circRNA-mediated BC progression and their diagnostic and prognostic value as biomarkers, as well as to further explore their roles in chemotherapy resistance.

scholarly journals An Exploration of the Tumor Microenvironment Identified a Novel Five-Gene Model for Predicting Outcomes in Bladder Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinjie Li ◽  
Jiahao Feng ◽  
Yazhou Sun ◽  
Xin Li
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Gene Signature ◽  
Gene Model ◽  
Mutational Burden ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Tumor Mutational Burden ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Prognostic Prediction

Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the top ten most common cancer types globally, accounting for approximately 7% of all male malignancies. In the last few decades, cancer research has focused on identifying oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Recent studies have revealed that the interplay between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in the initiation and development of cancer. However, the current knowledge regarding its effect on BC is scarce. This study aims to explore how the TME influences the development of BC. We focused on immune and stromal components, which represent the major components of TME. We found that the proportion of immune and stromal components within the TME was associated with the prognosis of BC. Furthermore, based on the scores of immune and stromal components, 811 TME-related differentially expressed genes were identified. Three subclasses with distinct biological features were divided based on these TME-genes. Finally, five prognostic genes were identified and used to develop a prognostic prediction model for BC patients based on TME-related genes. Additionally, we validated the prognostic value of the five-gene model using three independent cohorts. By further analyzing features based on the five-gene signature, higher CD8+ T cells, higher tumor mutational burden, and higher chemosensitivity were found in the low-risk group, which presented a better prognosis. In conclusion, our exploration comprehensively analyzed the TME and identified TME-related prognostic genes for BC, providing new insights into potential therapeutic targets.

Circular RNAs Serve as Novel Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Cancers

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Fang ◽  
Jinchang Pan ◽  
Chengwei Zhou ◽  
Hui Tian ◽  
Jinxian He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Cancer Gene Therapy ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Closed Loops ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Cell Tissue ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Cancer Tissues

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that structurally form closed loops without 5'-end cap and 3'-end poly(A) tail unlike linear RNAs. CircRNAs are widely present in eukaryotic cells with the capabilities of structural stability, high abundance and cell- /tissue-specific expression. A growing body of researches suggest that the dysregulated circRNAs are intimately relevant to the occurrence and development of cancer. In this review, we mainly discuss the differentially expressed circRNAs in cancer tissues, plasma and exosomes, which makes it possible for clinicians to use certain circRNAs as novel biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In particular, we primarily focus on circRNAs as potential therapeutic targets, which will provide promising applications in cancer gene therapy.

scholarly journals The global burden of urinary bladder cancer: an update

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1895-1904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anke Richters ◽  
Katja K. H. Aben ◽  
Lambertus A. L. M. Kiemeney
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Urinary Bladder Cancer ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
The World ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Survival Risk ◽  
Current Incidence

Abstract Bladder cancer is among the top ten most common cancer types in the world, with approximately 550,000 new cases annually. The highest burden of bladder cancer is currently falling on most developed communities across the globe. But with an anticipated shift in world demographics with growing and aging populations mainly on the African continent, and important shifts in exposure to different risk factors across the world, this is likely to change over the next decades. In this review, we provide an overview of the current incidence, mortality, prevalence, survival, risk factors and costs of bladder cancer worldwide.

scholarly journals Accentuating CircRNA-miRNA-Transcription Factors Axis: A Conundrum in Cancer Research

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepti Singh ◽  
Prashant Kesharwani ◽  
Nabil A. Alhakamy ◽  
Hifzur R. Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Disease Biology ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Mirna Sponges

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are the newly uncovered class of non-coding RNAs being cognized as profound regulators of gene expression in developmental and disease biology. These are the covalently closed RNAs synthesized when the pre-mRNA transcripts undergo a back-splicing event. In recent years, circRNAs are gaining special attention in the scientific world and are no longer considered as “splicing noise” but rather structurally stable molecules having multiple biological functions including acting as miRNA sponges, protein decoys/scaffolds, and regulators of transcription and translation. Further, emerging evidence suggests that circRNAs are also differentially expressed in multiple cancers where they play oncogenic roles. In addition, circRNAs in association with miRNAs change the expression patterns of multiple transcription factors (TFs), which play important roles in cancer. Thus, the circRNA-miRNA-TFs axis is implicated in the progression or suppression of various cancer types and plays a role in cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. In this review article, we provide an outline of the biogenesis, localization, and functions of circRNAs specifically in cancer. Also, we highlight the regulatory function of the circRNA-miRNA-TFs axis in the progression or suppression of cancer and the targeting of this axis as a potential therapeutic approach for cancer management. We anticipate that our review will contribute to expanding the knowledge of the research community about this recent and rapidly growing field of circRNAs for further thorough investigation which will surely help in the management of deadly disease cancer.

scholarly journals The Roles of CircRNAs in Bladder Cancer: Biomarkers, Tumorigenesis Drivers, and Therapeutic Targets

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fajuan Cheng ◽  
Bin Zheng ◽  
Shubin Si ◽  
Jianwei Wang ◽  
Guiting Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Migratory Capacity ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Endothelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Microrna Sponges ◽  
Resistance To Chemotherapy

Bladder cancer (BCa) is the most prevalent malignancy of the urinary system. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel subtype of non-coding RNAs, play a crucial role in physiological and developmental processes. CircRNAs mainly function as regulators of splicing process and transcription, microRNA sponges, and protein brackets. Recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of BCa have led to the identification of an abundance of dysregulated circRNAs associated with BCa. These aberrantly expressed circRNAs eventually lead to abnormalities in biological, genetic, and epigenetic information. In this review, we introduce the potential of circRNAs as biomarkers for BCa diagnosis and prognosis. Notably, diverse mechanisms have been proposed for circRNAs driving carcinogenesis, including increasing cell proliferation, promoting invasive and migratory capacity, enhancing endothelial–mesenchymal transition, sustaining stemness, and enabling resistance to chemotherapy. Importantly, a full understanding of circRNA mechanisms is needed to mine promising therapeutic approaches for targeting BCa. In this paper, we present the latest advances in circRNAs and systemically summarize the characteristics and mechanisms of circRNAs in BCa, providing potential perspectives for BCa treatment.

scholarly journals Hsa_circ_0000673 is down-regulated in gastric cancer and inhibits the proliferation and invasion of tumor cells by targetting miR-532-5p

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Chang ◽  
Furong Wang ◽  
Yumin Li
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Mirna Sponge ◽  
New Class ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Proliferation And Invasion

Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a new class of endogenous non-coding RNAs, have recently been known to play critical roles in various cellular biological processes, including tumorigenesis, in which they act as an miRNA sponge that regulates gene expression. Thus, revealing the functions of circRNAs in carcinogenesis and cancer development has been of great interest. However, their expression and functions in gastric cancer (GC) development are still largely unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify novel deregulated circRNAs in GC and reveal their biological functions and molecular mechanisms in GC. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to measure the expression levels of circRNAs in GC tissues, cell lines, and plasma. The MTT assay, colony formation assay, transwell assay, and tumor xenografts in vivo were used to evaluate the effects of circRNAs on the proliferation and invasion of GC. The abovementioned methods coupled with Western blotting were used to investigate the molecular mechanisms. The current study showed that hsa_circ_0000673 was significantly down-regulated in GC. Overexpression of hsa_circ_0000673 inhibited the proliferation and invasion of GC cells. In contrast, hsa_circ_0000673 down-regulation promoted the proliferation and invasion of GC cells. Further studies revealed that hsa_circ_0000673 targetted miR-532-5p and up-regulated the expression of RUNX3. The present study showed that hsa_circ_0000673 was decreased in GC and it exerted tumor-suppressing effects by targetting miR-532-5p and up-regulating RUNX3 expression level. Hsa_circ_0000673 may be a promising diagnosis biomarker and therapeutic target in GC.

scholarly journals MicroRNA Implication in Cancer

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 07-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iker BADIOLA
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Malignant Cells ◽  
Cancer Disease ◽  
New Class ◽  
Mrna Transcripts ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a new class of posttranscriptional regulators. These small non-coding RNAs regulate the expression of target mRNA transcripts and are linked to several human disease such as Alzheimer, cancer or heart disease. But it has been the cancer disease which has experimented the major number of studies of miRNA linked to the disease progression. In the last years it has been reported the deregulation pattern of the miRNAs in malignant cells which have disrupted the control of the proliferation, differentiation or apoptosis. The evidence of the presence of specific miRNA deregulated in concrete cancer types has become the miRNAs like possible biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The specific miRNA patterns deregulated in concrete cancer cell types open new opportunities to the diagnosis and therapy.

scholarly journals CircCA12 Promotes Malignant Process via Sponging miR-1184 and Upregulating RAS Family in Bladder Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Jiang ◽  
Yanjun Wang ◽  
Huancheng Tang ◽  
Xiangdong Li ◽  
Chaowen Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Colony Formation ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Urinary Bladder Cancer ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Ras Family ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a panel of non-coding RNAs that mediate the regulation of gene expression, as well as pathological responses. Nonetheless, the function and expression pattern of circRNAs in urinary bladder cancer (UBC) remain unclear. Herein, we examined the function of circCA12 in UBC development. qRT-PCR results demonstrated remarkable circCA12 upregulation in UBC cell lines, as well as tissues. CCK-8, colony formation, and xenograft assays were employed to determine the effect of circCA12 on UBC. Our data illustrated silencing circCA12 repressed the proliferation along with the colony-formation capability of UBC cells. The migration and metastasis potential of UBC cells were remarkably abated in vivo, as well as in vitro after transfection with si-cirCA12 or sh-circCA12. Moreover, luciferase reporter and RIP assays indicated that circCA12 binds to miRNA-1184 through sponging miRNA, thereby up-regulating the expression of RAS family genes (NRAS, KRAS, and HRAS). In conclusion, the circCA12/miRNA-1184/RAS family was identified as a regulatory axis in UBC progression.

scholarly journals GATNNCDA: A Method Based on Graph Attention Network and Multi-Layer Neural Network for Predicting circRNA-Disease Associations

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8505
Author(s):  
Cunmei Ji ◽  
Zhihao Liu ◽  
Yutian Wang ◽  
Jiancheng Ni ◽  
Chunhou Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Initial Node ◽  
New Class ◽  
Disease Associations ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of endogenous non-coding RNAs with covalent closed loop structure. Researchers have revealed that circRNAs play an important role in human diseases. As experimental identification of interactions between circRNA and disease is time-consuming and expensive, effective computational methods are an urgent need for predicting potential circRNA–disease associations. In this study, we proposed a novel computational method named GATNNCDA, which combines Graph Attention Network (GAT) and multi-layer neural network (NN) to infer disease-related circRNAs. Specially, GATNNCDA first integrates disease semantic similarity, circRNA functional similarity and the respective Gaussian Interaction Profile (GIP) kernel similarities. The integrated similarities are used as initial node features, and then GAT is applied for further feature extraction in the heterogeneous circRNA–disease graph. Finally, the NN-based classifier is introduced for prediction. The results of fivefold cross validation demonstrated that GATNNCDA achieved an average AUC of 0.9613 and AUPR of 0.9433 on the CircR2Disease dataset, and outperformed other state-of-the-art methods. In addition, case studies on breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma showed that 20 and 18 of the top 20 candidates were respectively confirmed in the validation datasets or published literature. Therefore, GATNNCDA is an effective and reliable tool for discovering circRNA–disease associations.

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