Mixed Method Research on Football Coaches’ Competitive Behavior

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to present the reliability of three validated measures, namely the System of Analysis of Instruction in Competition, the Questionnaire on Coach Instructional Behavior Expectations, and the Questionnaire on Coach Instructional Behavior Perception that could be used in a mix-method approach.MethodsThree instruments underwent a robust process of construct and reliability analysis. Inter− and intra-observer reliability was tested for the observational instrument using Cohen’s k-agreement measure. Reliability values above 0.85 were considered as a good agreement between and within observers. To verify the internal consistency of the questionnaires, the correlation coefficients were considered.ResultsThe results related to intra-observer and inter-observer reliability showed that intra-observer reliability k-agreement values ranged between 0.912 and 1 for observer 1, and 0.82 and 1 for observer 2. For inter-observer reliability, k-agreement values ranged between 0.885 and 1 between observers. Thus, values for reliability are above acceptable. The correlation coefficient values recorded for the questionnaires on instruction expectations in the competitive moment were above 0.82 and significant (p < 0.05), and for the questionnaire on instruction perception in competition above 0.88 and significant (p < 0.05). The pilot study showed some divergent results across expectations, behavior during competition, and perception about the instruction behavior.ConclusionThe observational system and the expectations and perceptions questionnaires, used in a complementary way, can be considered as a mix-method approach for studies aiming to examine coaches’ competitive behavior.

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Objectivation of an Educational Model in Cranial Osteopathy Based on Experience

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57030246 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 246

Author(s):

Jesús Requena-García ◽

Evelyn García-Nieto ◽

David Varillas-Delgado

Keyword(s):

Scientific Evidence ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Lateral Compression ◽

Educational Model ◽

Reliability Study ◽

Intra Class Correlation ◽

Observer Reliability ◽

Fundamental Part ◽

Manual Palpation ◽

Base Of The Skull

Background and Objectives: The techniques directed to the cranial field in osteopathy are the most questioned due to the lack of scientific evidence. In osteopathic practice, manual palpation is essential and, therefore, measuring reliability is fundamental. The objective of this study is to assess the precision and objectification of an educational model in cranial osteopathy based on experience. Materials and Methods: A reliability study was conducted in a cadaver skull where a strain gauge was placed on the sphenobasilar synchondrosis (SBS) of the base of the skull. Three cranial osteopathic techniques (lateral compression, anteroposterior compression, and compression maneuver of the mastoids) were performed 25 times by osteopaths with different degrees of experience (5–10 years, 1–5 years, <1 year). Measurements were computed for each of the three techniques of each group in comparison with the osteopath with >15 years of experience. Data were analyzed to check for inter- and intra-observer reliability using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). Results: Reliability in osteopaths with 5–10 years’ experience (observer 1 and observer 2) performing all three techniques was higher (p < 0.001) than the osteopath with >15 years’ experience. Little or no reliability were observed in osteopaths with less experience. Conclusions: The experience of the osteopaths determines the reliability and effectiveness of the cranial techniques, a fundamental part in objectifying these techniques. This model can help implement objective training in cranial osteopathy formation.

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Feedback of Certificate in Medical Teaching Programme at King Edward Medical University Lahore

10.53350/pjmhs2115102564 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 2564-2566

Author(s):

Salman Javed ◽

Mehwish Ayyaz ◽

Bushra Adeel ◽

Wajeeha Imran Andrabi ◽

Amna Khanum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mixed Method ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Mixed Method Research ◽

Medical Teaching ◽

Study Objective ◽

Teaching Programme ◽

Mixed Method Design ◽

Medical University ◽

E Mail ◽

Method Approach

Background: The concept of feedback is central to medical education. There is gradual shift from sandwich feedback to Pendleton feedback which is learner centred. Pragmatic worldview was proposed in this study. Certificate in Medical Teaching (CMT) programme was initiated at King Edward Medical University (KEMU) Lahore since 2019.The study objective was to improve learning outcome. Methods: Mixed Method research design was chosen, out of all mixed method procedures “Convergent parallel mixed method design” was followed collecting simultaneously quantitative and qualitative data, then results were analysed and compared separately. This study was carried out from 01-06-2020 to 31-03-2021 at King Edward Medical University Lahore. Sample size of 43 participants from CMT (Certificate in Medical Teaching) Batch 1 and 2 took part in this study. Doctors from clinical side, demonstrators and personnel of Allied health sciences attended this course. A predesigned proforma designed on google form was sent to each participant via e-mail.. Results: Quantitative data collected was interpreted as percentages and in form of tables and presented as pie charts. Qualitative data collected was analysed by segregating data into codes. Corresponding themes were made of each code and presented in tabular form. Conclusion: On the basis of feedback and mixed method approach, it can be concluded that certificate in medical teaching is a new teaching program at king Edward Medical University Lahore which can serve as basis to start master’s degree at this institution. Keywords: Feedback, medical teaching, KEMU

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Evaluation of Precipitation Forecast from Global Forecast System Over Transboundary Rivers in Africa

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-3652 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Haowen Yue ◽

Mekonnen Gebremichael

Keyword(s):

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Precipitation Forecast ◽

Nile River ◽

Lead Times ◽

General Tendency ◽

Global Forecast System ◽

Forecast System ◽

Transboundary River Basins ◽

Unbiased Estimates ◽

Good Agreement

<p>This study evaluates the short-to-medium range precipitation forecasts from Global Forecast System for 14 major transboundary river basins in Africa against GPM IMERG &#8220;Early&#8221;, IMERG &#8220;Final&#8221;, and CHIRPSv2 products. Daily precipitation forecasts with lead times of 1-day, 5-day, 10-day, and 15-day and accumulated precipitation forecasts with periods of 1-day, 5-day, 10-day, and 15-day are investigated. The 14 selected basins are (1) Senegal; (2) Volta; (3) Niger; (4) Chad; (5) Nile; (6) Awash; (7) Congo; (8) Omo Gibe; (9) Tana; (10) Pangani; (11) Zambezi; (12) Okavango; (13) Limpopo and (14) Orange. For each basin, several sub-basins are defined by the major dams in the basin. Our preliminary results in the Nile river basin show that in terms of temporal variability, there was a good agreement between the forecasted and observed accumulated precipitation on a 15-day basis. When compared to IMERG &#8220;Final&#8221;, the correlation coefficients of accumulated GFS forecasts scored as high as 0.75. Thus, GFS products provide relatively reliable accumulated precipitation forecasts. However, the precipitation forecasts were mostly biased: they tend to overpredict rainfall for the eastern part of the Nile river, underestimate rainfall for the northern part of the Nile river and produce almost unbiased estimates for the southern part of the river. Additionally, GFS forecasts have a general tendency to underpredict the area of precipitation across the Nile basin. Although the performance of GFS varies at different locations, the GFS precipitation forecasts can be a good reference to dam operators in Africa.&#160;</p>

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Measurements of total and tropospheric ozone from IASI: comparison with correlative satellite, ground-based and ozonesonde observations

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-9-6255-2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 9 (16) ◽

pp. 6255-6271 ◽

Cited By ~ 107

Author(s):

A. Boynard ◽

C. Clerbaux ◽

P.-F. Coheur ◽

D. Hurtmans ◽

S. Turquety ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spectral Resolution ◽

Tropospheric Ozone ◽

Total Ozone ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Positive Bias ◽

Ozone Concentrations ◽

Infrared Radiance ◽

Atmospheric Sounding ◽

Ozone Monitoring ◽

Good Agreement

Abstract. In this paper, we present measurements of total and tropospheric ozone, retrieved from infrared radiance spectra recorded by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI), which was launched on board the MetOp-A European satellite in October 2006. We compare IASI total ozone columns to Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) observations and ground-based measurements from the Dobson and Brewer network for one full year of observations (2008). The IASI total ozone columns are shown to be in good agreement with both GOME-2 and ground-based data, with correlation coefficients of about 0.9 and 0.85, respectively. On average, IASI ozone retrievals exhibit a positive bias of about 9 DU (3.3%) compared to both GOME-2 and ground-based measurements. In addition to total ozone columns, the good spectral resolution of IASI enables the retrieval of tropospheric ozone concentrations. Comparisons of IASI tropospheric columns to 490 collocated ozone soundings available from several stations around the globe have been performed for the period of June 2007–August 2008. IASI tropospheric ozone columns compare well with sonde observations, with correlation coefficients of 0.95 and 0.77 for the [surface–6 km] and [surface–12 km] partial columns, respectively. IASI retrievals tend to overestimate the tropospheric ozone columns in comparison with ozonesonde measurements. Positive average biases of 0.15 DU (1.2%) and 3 DU (11%) are found for the [surface–6 km] and for the [surface–12 km] partial columns respectively.

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Estimating cloud optical thickness and associated surface UV irradiance from SEVIRI by implementing a semi-analytical cloud retrieval algorithm

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-12-7961-2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (17) ◽

pp. 7961-7975 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

P. Pandey ◽

K. De Ridder ◽

D. Gillotay ◽

N. P. M. van Lipzig

Keyword(s):

Optical Thickness ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Retrieval Algorithm ◽

Satellite Mission ◽

Spectral Bands ◽

Uv Irradiance ◽

Intercomparison Exercises ◽

Cloud Optical Thickness ◽

Mean Square Difference ◽

Good Agreement

Abstract. In this paper, we describe the implementation of the Semi-Analytical Cloud Retrieval Algorithm (SACURA), to obtain scaled cloud optical thickness (SCOT) from satellite imagery acquired with the SEVIRI instrument and surface UV irradiance levels. In estimation of SCOT particular care is given to the proper specification of the background (i.e. cloud-free) spectral albedo and the retrieval of the cloud water phase from reflectance ratios in SEVIRI's 0.6 μm and 1.6 μm spectral bands. The SACURA scheme is then applied to daytime SEVIRI imagery over Europe, for the month of June 2006, at 15-min time increments. The resulting SCOT fields are compared with values obtained by the CloudSat experimental satellite mission, yielding a negligible bias, correlation coefficients ranging from 0.51 to 0.78, and a root mean square difference of 1 to 2 SCOT increments. These findings compare favourably to results from similar intercomparison exercises reported in the literature. Based on the retrieved SCOT from SEVIRI and radiative transfer modelling approach, simple parameterisations are proposed to estimate the surface UV-A and UV-B irradiance. The validation of the modelled UV-A and UV-B irradiance against the measurements over two Belgian stations, Redu and Ostend, indicate good agreement with the high correlation, index of agreement and low bias. The SCOT fields estimated by implementing SACURA on imagery from geostationary satellite are reliable and its impact on surface UV irradiance levels is well produced.

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Multi-year comparisons of ground-based and space-borne Fourier transform spectrometers in the high Arctic between 2006 and 2013

Atmospheric Measurement Techniques ◽

10.5194/amt-10-3273-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 3273-3294 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Debora Griffin ◽

Kaley A. Walker ◽

Stephanie Conway ◽

Felicia Kolonjari ◽

Kimberly Strong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fourier Transform ◽

Atmospheric Chemistry ◽

Trace Gases ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

High Arctic ◽

Atmospheric Research ◽

Time Period ◽

Experiment Validation ◽

Mean Differences ◽

Good Agreement

Abstract. This paper presents 8 years (2006–2013) of measurements obtained from Fourier transform spectrometers (FTSs) in the high Arctic at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL; 80.05° N, 86.42° W). These measurements were taken as part of the Canadian Arctic ACE (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment) validation campaigns that have been carried out since 2004 during the polar sunrise period (from mid-February to mid-April). Each spring, two ground-based FTSs were used to measure total and partial columns of HF, O3, and trace gases that impact O3 depletion, namely, HCl and HNO3. Additionally, some tropospheric greenhouse gases and pollutant species were measured, namely CH4, N2O, CO, and C2H6. During the same time period, the satellite-based ACE-FTS made measurements near Eureka and provided profiles of the same trace gases. Comparisons have been carried out between the measurements from the Portable Atmospheric Research Interferometric Spectrometer for the InfraRed (PARIS-IR) and the co-located high-resolution Bruker 125HR FTS, as well as with the latest version of the ACE-FTS retrievals (v3.5). The total column comparison between the two co-located ground-based FTSs, PARIS-IR and Bruker 125HR, found very good agreement for most of these species (except HF), with differences well below the estimated uncertainties ( ≤ 6 %) and with high correlations (R ≥ 0. 8). Partial columns have been used for the ground-based to space-borne comparison, with coincident measurements selected based on time, distance, and scaled potential vorticity (sPV). The comparisons of the ground-based measurements with ACE-FTS show good agreement in the partial columns for most species within 6  % (except for C2H6 and PARIS-IR HF), which is consistent with the total retrieval uncertainty of the ground-based instruments. The correlation coefficients (R) of the partial column comparisons for all eight species range from approximately 0.75 to 0.95. The comparisons show no notable increases of the mean differences over these 8 years, indicating the consistency of these datasets and suggesting that the space-borne ACE-FTS measurements have been stable over this period. In addition, changes in the amounts of these trace gases during springtime between 2006 and 2013 are presented and discussed. Increased O3 (0. 9 % yr−1), HCl (1. 7 % yr−1), HF (3. 8 % yr−1), CH4 (0.5  % yr−1), and C2H6 (2. 3 % yr−1, 2009–2013) have been found with the PARIS-IR dataset, the longer of the two ground-based records.

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Designing a PhD Proposal in Mixed Method Research

Advances in Library and Information Science - Social Research Methodology and New Techniques in Analysis, Interpretation, and Writing ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-7897-0.ch003 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 36-48

Author(s):

Ndungi wa Mungai

Keyword(s):

Mixed Method ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Research Proposal ◽

Mixed Method Research ◽

Hypothetical Case ◽

Mixed Method Approach ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽

Definition Of ◽

Method Approach

This chapter reviews the challenges and advantages of writing a mixed method research (MMR) proposal. The argument put forward is that a mixed method approach overcomes the shortcomings of the commonly used qualitative and quantitative methods. A brief definition of a research proposal is followed by a discussion on the different interpretations of a mixed method and what makes mixed methods ideal in the proposal example that follows. A mixed method can be either one that utilizes qualitative and quantitative methods to different degrees or it can be regarded as a distinct method by itself. A mixed method is suitable where both different types of data can be collected, when the data adds value to what would be achieved using one approach and where cost also justifies it. A hypothetical case example where an application is being made to conduct an evaluation of an anti-truancy program is presented.

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Animal-Based Measures for the On-Farm Welfare Assessment of Geese

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10050890 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 890

Author(s):

Carlo Tremolada ◽

Halina Bielińska ◽

Michela Minero ◽

Valentina Ferrante ◽

Elisabetta Canali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Critical Review ◽

Production Systems ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Meat Production ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Welfare Assessment ◽

Observer Reliability ◽

Human Animal ◽

Two Phases ◽

On Farm

Currently, no specific animal-based measures (ABMs) protocols are available for geese in commercial meat production systems. Following a critical review of the literature and consultation of experts, seven ABMs, potentially valid and feasible for the on-farm welfare assessment of geese, were identified and then tested in 12 farms in Poland to assess their inter-observer reliability. Two observers conducted the assessment, which was divided into two phases. First, a handling test assessed the human–animal relationship (HAR), and a 100% inter-observer reliability was achieved by the observers when evaluating the attitudes of stockpeople and the reactions of geese to humans. Next, an animal inspection was conducted, and the observers simultaneously and independently visually evaluated 100 randomly selected geese per farm and assessed whether the selected ABMs could be identified. In terms of inter-observer reliability, high correlation coefficients were found for plumage dirtiness (ρ = 0.745; p < 0.01), twisted wings (ρ = 0.890; p < 0.001), and broken/twisted wings (ρ = 0.858; p < 0.001). The results showed that plumage dirtiness, twisted wings, and broken/twisted wings are valid and reliable measures. Further research should address the reliability of ABMs of geese in other types of production systems.

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Elaboration, Generalization, Triangulation, and Interpretation

Organizational Research Methods ◽

10.1177/1094428116639133 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 193-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Cristina B. Gibson

Keyword(s):

Mixed Methods ◽

Mixed Method ◽

Comprehensive Analysis ◽

Mixed Method Research ◽

The Past ◽

Case Comparison ◽

Novel Approaches ◽

Organizational Science ◽

Method Approach ◽

Selection Of

This article examines means of enhancing the value of mixed method research for organizational science. Conclusions are based on a comprehensive analysis of 69 mixed method articles published in four empirical journals between 2009 and 2014, detailed case comparison of four illustrative articles, and personal interviews with lead authors for each case. Findings provide three key contributions. First, documenting the prevalence of mixed methods over the past six years in a broad selection of journals, five approaches to mixed method research are identified—including three novel approaches not yet elaborated on in prior treatises on research methods, expanding the feasible options for mixed method scholarship and bolstering confidence in considering such approaches. Second, themes pertaining to enhancing the value of mixed method research are revealed, including elaboration, generalization, triangulation, and interpretation. Finally, findings uncovered four sets of practical techniques by which this value can be increased. Together, these contributions provide guidance for those endeavoring to utilize a mixed method approach in organizational science.

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Estimation of Knee Joint Forces in Sport Movements Using Wearable Sensors and Machine Learning

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19173690 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (17) ◽

pp. 3690 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Bernd J. Stetter ◽

Steffen Ringhof ◽

Frieder C. Krafft ◽

Stefan Sell ◽

Thorsten Stein

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Wearable Sensors ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Biomechanical Modelling ◽

Joint Forces ◽

Measurement Units ◽

Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽

The Right ◽

Anterior Posterior ◽

Good Agreement

Knee joint forces (KJF) are biomechanical measures used to infer the load on knee joint structures. The purpose of this study is to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) that estimates KJF during sport movements, based on data obtained by wearable sensors. Thirteen participants were equipped with two inertial measurement units (IMUs) located on the right leg. Participants performed a variety of movements, including linear motions, changes of direction, and jumps. Biomechanical modelling was carried out to determine KJF. An ANN was trained to model the association between the IMU signals and the KJF time series. The ANN-predicted KJF yielded correlation coefficients that ranged from 0.60 to 0.94 (vertical KJF), 0.64 to 0.90 (anterior–posterior KJF) and 0.25 to 0.60 (medial–lateral KJF). The vertical KJF for moderate running showed the highest correlation (0.94 ± 0.33). The summed vertical KJF and peak vertical KJF differed between calculated and predicted KJF across all movements by an average of 5.7% ± 5.9% and 17.0% ± 13.6%, respectively. The vertical and anterior–posterior KJF values showed good agreement between ANN-predicted outcomes and reference KJF across most movements. This study supports the use of wearable sensors in combination with ANN for estimating joint reactions in sports applications.

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