scholarly journals An Efficient Method for Water Treatment of Artificial Ponds in Jordan Valley Based on Photovoltaic Pumping System

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khatib ◽  
Qalalweh ◽  
Ameerah ◽  
Warad
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Jordan Valley ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Artificial Pond ◽  
Artificial Ponds ◽  
Valley Area ◽  
Chemical Material

Jordan Valley area suffers from a lack of water because of the current political situation. Therefore, water distribution is being done on a periodic basis and farmers need to store water in artificial ponds on site so as to be able to irrigate their field during the anonymous days that water is not available from the main supply. However, artificial ponds may affect the environment negatively due to the plants that live in it such as algae, which attracts mosquitos and causes a bad smell. Thus, in this paper, a simple and low-cost photovoltaic based pumping system is proposed to inject a chemical material in the water of the artificial pond to get rid of algae. The proposed system consists of a pump that is powered by a photovoltaic module and pumps the proposed chemical material in the artificial pond using a rotary nozzle that is fixed on a pipe around the ponds. The system is affordable and reduces the production of the unwanted plants. As a result, the proposed system reduces chemical oxygen demand value, which is considered the main cause of algae blooming, from 7200 mg/L to 95 mg/L. The proposed product is powered by a 50 W foldable solar panel and it costs about 213 USD.

Advanced Treatment of Coking Wastewater by Oxidation Process Using Pyrite and Hydrogen Peroxide

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 2521-2525
Author(s):  
Zhi Yong Zhang ◽  
De Li Wu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Coking Wastewater ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
High Utilization

Coking wastewater is a kind of recalcitrant wastewater including complicate compositions. Advanced treatment of coking wastewater by Fenton-Like reaction using pyrite as catalyst was investigated in this paper. The results show that the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of coking wastewater decreased significantly by method of coagulation combined with two-stage oxidation reaction. COD of wastewater can decrease from 250mg/l to 45mg/l after treatment, when 2g/L pyrite was used in each stage oxidation and the dosage of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is 0.2ml/l for first stage treatment, 0.1ml/l for second stage treatment respectively. The pyrite is effective to promote Fenton-Like reaction with low cost due to high utilization efficiency of H2O2, moreover, catalyst could be easily recovered and reused. The Fenton-Like reaction might be used as a potential alternative to advanced treatment of recalcitrant wastewater.

scholarly journals A Cyanobacteria-Based Biofilm System for Advanced Brewery Wastewater Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Konstantinos P. Papadopoulos ◽  
Christina N. Economou ◽  
Athanasia G. Tekerlekopoulou ◽  
Dimitris V. Vayenas
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Brewery Wastewater ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen ◽  
Supporting Materials

Algal/cyanobacterial biofilm photobioreactors provide an alternative technology to conventional photosynthetic systems for wastewater treatment based on high biomass production and easy biomass harvesting at low cost. This study introduces a novel cyanobacteria-based biofilm photobioreactor and assesses its performance in post-treatment of brewery wastewater and biomass production. Two different supporting materials (glass/polyurethane) were tested to investigate the effect of surface hydrophobicity on biomass attachment and overall reactor performance. The reactor exhibited high removal efficiency (over 65%) of the wastewater’s pollutants (chemical oxygen demand, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, orthophosphate, and total Kjeldahl nitrogen), while biomass per reactor surface reached 13.1 and 12.8 g·m−2 corresponding to 406 and 392 mg·L−1 for glass and polyurethane, respectively, after 15 days of cultivation. The hydrophilic glass surface favored initial biomass adhesion, although eventually both materials yielded complete biomass attachment, highlighting that cell-to-cell interactions are the dominant adhesion mechanism in mature biofilms. It was also found that the biofilm accumulated up to 61% of its dry weight in carbohydrates at the end of cultivation, thus making the produced biomass a suitable feedstock for bioethanol production.

scholarly journals Use of ceramic pot filter (CPF) technology under pressure in an in-line pumping system

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 843-852
Author(s):  
Travis D. Gardner ◽  
Joe D. Guggenberger
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Logarithmic Reduction

Abstract Ceramic pot filters (CPFs) are an effective point of use water treatment device in developing nations due to their low cost and effectiveness. CPFs are gravity fed, typically making water production a major limiting factor to a CPF's lifetime and acceptability. Directly connecting CPFs to in-line pumping systems or systems with an elevated storage tank would allow filter usage for constant water treatment at increased pressures, increasing the quantity of treated water. Ceramic disks were manufactured for testing in a specially designed housing apparatus. Filters of varying thicknesses and clay to sawdust mass ratios were manufactured to fit tightly. Flowrate and microbiological removal efficacy (logarithmic reduction value (LRV)) were determined over the testing period at various pressures. Flowrate values ranged from 2.44 to 9.04 L per hour, significantly higher than traditional CPF technology. LRVs ranged from 1.1 to 2.0, lower than traditional CPF technology but still effective at removing most Escherichia coli and total coliform bacteria. Filters proved effective at removing total and fecal coliforms at pressures less than 70 kilopascals. The optimum filter had a thickness of 3.2 cm and clay to sawdust ratio of 6:1 by mass. Filters proved to be ineffective if flowrates were above 5 L/h.

Nitrogen removal in a combined system: vertical vegetated bed over horizontal flow sand bed

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kantawanichkul ◽  
P. Neamkam ◽  
R.B.E. Shutes
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Horizontal Flow ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Cost Treatment ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Farm Wastewater

Pig farm wastewater creates various problems in many areas throughout Thailand. Constructed wetland systems are an appropriate, low cost treatment option for tropical countries such as Thailand. In this study, a combined system (a vertical flow bed planted with Cyperus flabelliformis over a horizontal flow sand bed without plants) was used to treat settled pig farm wastewater . This system is suitable for using in farms where land is limited. The average COD and nitrogen loading rate of the vegetated vertical flow bed were 105 g/m2.d and 11 g/m2.d respectively. The wastewater was fed intermittently at intervals of 4 hours with a hydraulic loading rate of 3.7 cm/d. The recirculation of the effluent increased total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency from 71% to 85%. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) removal efficiencies were 95% and 98%. Nitrification was significant in vertical flow Cyperus bed, and the concentration of nitrate increased by a factor of 140. The horizontal flow sand bed enhanced COD removal and nitrate reduction was 60%. Plant uptake of nitrogen was 1.1 g N/m2.d or dry biomass production was 2.8 kg/m2 over 100 days.

Novel biofilm reactor for denitrification of municipal wastewater

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 1566-1575 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Rathnaweera ◽  
B. Rusten ◽  
K. Korczyk ◽  
B. Helland ◽  
E. Rismyhr
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Good Filter ◽  
Solids Removal

Abstract A pilot-scale CFIC® (continuous flow intermittent cleaning) reactor was run in anoxic conditions to study denitrification of wastewater. The CFIC process has already proven its capabilities for biological oxygen demand removal with a small footprint, less energy consumption and low cost. The present study focused on the applicability for denitrification. Both pre-denitrification (pre-DN) and post-denitrification (post-DN) were tested. A mixture of primary treated wastewater and nitrified wastewater was used for pre-DN and nitrified wastewater with ethanol as a carbon source was used for post-DN. The pre-DN process was carbon limited and removal rates of only 0.16 to 0.74 g NOx-N/m²-d were obtained. With post-DN and an external carbon source, 0.68 to 2.2 g NO3-Neq/m²-d removal rates were obtained. The carrier bed functioned as a good filter for both the larger particles coming with influent water and the bio-solids produced in the reactor. Total suspended solids removal in the reactor varied from 20% to 78% (average 45%) during post-DN testing period and 9% to 70% (average 29%) for pre-DN. The results showed that the forward flow washing improves both the DN function and filtration ability of the reactor.

scholarly journals Dynamic control of nutrient-removal from industrial wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor, using common and low-cost online sensors

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 740-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Dries
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential

On-line control of the biological treatment process is an innovative tool to cope with variable concentrations of chemical oxygen demand and nutrients in industrial wastewater. In the present study we implemented a simple dynamic control strategy for nutrient-removal in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treating variable tank truck cleaning wastewater. The control system was based on derived signals from two low-cost and robust sensors that are very common in activated sludge plants, i.e. oxidation reduction potential (ORP) and dissolved oxygen. The amount of wastewater fed during anoxic filling phases, and the number of filling phases in the SBR cycle, were determined by the appearance of the ‘nitrate knee’ in the profile of the ORP. The phase length of the subsequent aerobic phases was controlled by the oxygen uptake rate measured online in the reactor. As a result, the sludge loading rate (F/M ratio), the volume exchange rate and the SBR cycle length adapted dynamically to the activity of the activated sludge and the actual characteristics of the wastewater, without affecting the final effluent quality.

scholarly journals Red Mud-Based Polyaluminum Ferric Chloride Flocculant: Preparation, Characterization and Flocculation Performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Cheng ◽  
Longjun Xu ◽  
Chenglun Liu ◽  
Zao Jiang ◽  
Qiyuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Mud ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Iron Chloride ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Polymerization Temperature ◽  
Solution Ph

Abstract In this work, red mud was used as raw material to extract Al and Fe with hydrochloric acid. The high-efficiency polyaluminum iron chloride (PAFC) flocculant was prepared via adjusting the pH of the leaching solution, the molar ratio of aluminum and iron, and the polymerization temperature. The effect of synthesis and flocculation conditions on the flocculation performance of aged landfill leachate was investigated. The results confirmed that the PAFC prepared at the polymerization pH of 2.5, the Al/Fe molar ratio of 8, and the polymerization temperature of 70 °C had the optimum flocculation effect. The flocculation consequences of PAFC and commercial polyaluminum iron chloride flocculant (CPAFC) under different flocculation conditions were compared. The chemical oxygen demand (COD), UV254, chroma and settlement height of PAFC at flocculant concentration of 60 g/L and solution pH of 6 were 72.2%, 79.2%, 82.9% and 9.5 cm (within 90 min), respectively. PAFC has excellent flocculation performance and can be used as a simple, potentially low-cost wastewater treatment agent in industrial applications.

scholarly journals Effects of selection and compiling strategy of substrates in column-type vertical-flow constructed wetlands on the treatment of synthetic landfill leachate containing bisphenol A

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajani Ghaju Shrestha ◽  
Daisuke Inoue ◽  
Michihiko Ike
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Synthetic Leachate

Abstract A constructed wetland (CW) is a low-cost, eco-friendly, easy-to-maintain, and widely applicable technology for treating various pollutants in the waste landfill leachate. This study determined the effects of the selection and compiling strategy of substrates used in CWs on the treatment performance of a synthetic leachate containing bisphenol A (BPA) as a representative recalcitrant pollutant. We operated five types of lab-scale vertical-flow CWs using only gravel (CW1), a sandwich of gravel with activated carbon (CW2) or brick crumbs (CW3), and two-stage hybrid CWs using gravel in one column and activated carbon (CW4) or brick crumbs (CW5) in another to treat synthetic leachate containing BPA in a 7-d sequential batch mode for 5 weeks. CWs using activated carbon (CW2 and CW4) effectively removed ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) (99–100%), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (93–100%), and BPA (100%), indicating that the high adsorption capacity of activated carbon was the main mechanism involved in their removal. CW5 also exhibited higher pollutant removal efficiencies (NH4-N: 94–99%, COD: 89–98%, BPA: 89–100%) than single-column CWs (CW1 and CW3) (NH4-N: 76–100%, COD: 84–100%, BPA: 51–100%). This indicates the importance of the compiling strategy along with the selection of an appropriate substrate to improve the pollutant removal capability of CWs.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of COD Removal Efficacy from Pharmaceutical Wastewater by Areca Nut Husk Produced and Commercially Available Activated Carbons

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Sharmin Akter ◽  
Ferdousi Sultana ◽  
Md. Rakibul Kabir ◽  
Partha Pratim Brahma ◽  
Atkeeya Tasneem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Pharmaceutical Wastewater ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Pharmaceutical industries in Bangladesh are considered as one major industrial as well as environmental pollution problems which discharge a significant amount of organic contaminants in the environment hence require advanced treatment technologies to decontaminate pharmaceutical wastewater. In the present investigation, areca nut husk treated activated carbon (ANHC) was used as an adsorbent to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD) from pharmaceutical effluent as well as a comparative adsorption efficiency with commercial activated carbon (CAC) was performed.  The batch experiments were carried out in a laboratory scale. The materials also evaluated for different adsorbent dosages and contact times. The experiment revealed a removal percentage up to 70% for ANHC and 90% for CAC for 3g of adsorbents in 180 min. The adsorption processes were satisfactorily described by pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model which shows a better fitting with the maximum regression coefficient for both adsorbents. The results show that Langmuir model best described the experimental data with a highest correlation coefficient (R2=0.9856 for ANHC and 0.9993 for CAC) compared to Freundlich model and the experimental data showed asorption capacity of 36.549 and 64.935 mg/g for ANHC and CAC, correspondingly. According to the adsorption studies, the results revealed that COD adsorption process followed by the monolayer chemisorption mechanisms. The results revealed that ANHC adsorbent is potentially low cost and environmental friendly adsorbent for the removal of organic matter from pharmaceutical effluent.

scholarly journals Pollutant removal from municipal sewage by a microaerobic up-flow oxidation ditch coupled with micro-electrolysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen-dong Zhao ◽  
Qiang Lin ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Yu-hong Feng ◽  
Qi-mei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Reflux Ratio ◽  
Oxidation Ditch ◽  
Important Challenge

The development of efficient and low-cost wastewater treatment processes remains an important challenge. A microaerobic up-flow oxidation ditch (UOD) with micro-electrolysis by waterfall aeration was designed for treating real municipal wastewater. The effects of influential factors such as up-flow rate, waterfall height, reflux ratio, number of stages and iron dosing on pollutant removal were fully investigated, and the optimum conditions were obtained. The elimination efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH 4 + -N), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) reached up to 84.33 ± 2.48%, 99.91 ± 0.09%, 93.63 ± 0.60% and 89.27 ± 1.40%, respectively, while the effluent concentrations of COD, NH 4 + -N, TN and TP were 20.67 ± 2.85, 0.02 ± 0.02, 1.39 ± 0.09 and 0.27 ± 0.02 mg l −1 , respectively. Phosphorous removal was achieved by iron–carbon micro-electrolysis to form an insoluble ferric phosphate precipitate. The microbial community structure indicated that carbon and nitrogen were removed via multiple mechanisms, possibly including nitrification, partial nitrification, denitrification and anammox in the UOD.

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